8

Research I
Quarter II – Module 2:
Citing Sources: In-Text Citation
Research I – Grade 7
Self-Learning Modules
First Edition, 2020

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 8 Self – Learning Module 2 on Citing Sources:

In-Text Citation!

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 Explore

Introduction:

Nowadays, we mostly rely on technology. Printed books are often disregarded

since the birth of the internet where we can find most of our needed materials and
references. Yet may it be printed or digital materials, most of the time people tend
to forget to cite their sources which then lead to plagiarism. But what is
Plagiarism? Why do we need to properly cite our sources?

This module will provide you with information and simple activities that will
help you understand the importance of citing sources and develop your skills in
writing the Review and Related Literature (RRL) and the bibliography of a scientific
investigation using the required standards style (APA, MLA, and Chicago).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define plagiarism;
2. explain the importance of citation;
3. identify the different citation styles; and
4. use proper in-text citation.

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answers in the activities and self-assessments after you finished the entire
module to know how much you have gained from the lesson and the
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4. Don’t hesitate to ask. If you need to clarify something, approach or contact
your teacher or any knowledgeable person available to help you. You may
also look into other references for further information.
5. Take the assessment prepared at the end of the module, so you can assess
how much you have learned from this module.
Directions: Find and circle all the words found in the box below that are hidden
in the grid. (Note: Copy the word search puzle below in a separate sheet of paper
and use it as an asnwer sheet. For the first user of this module, use the spare copy
found at the back.)

SUMMARIZING MLA
QUOTING FOOTNOTES
PARAPHRASING
APA
IN-TEXT PLAGIARISM
CITATION CHICAGO

After completing the puzzle, answer the following questions below:

1. What is plagiarism?
____________________________________________________________________
2. What are the consequences of plagiarizing? Why are there
consequences?
_________________________________________________________________
 Learn

What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is using other people’s words, ideas, results, or images without
giving appropriate credit to that person which gives the impression that it is your
own work. Plagiarism can be intentional or unintentional. It can be the result of
failing to give credit to someone for their ideas and/or failing to effectively
summarize or paraphrase a quote.

When you work on a research paper and use supporting material from works
by others, it’s okay to quote people and use their ideas, but you do need to
correctly credit them. Even when you summarize or paraphrase information found
in books, articles, or Web pages, you must acknowledge the original author.

What is a Citation?
A citation is a formal reference to a published or unpublished source of
information used in your research. The way in which you document your sources
depends on the writing style manual your teacher wants you to use for the class.

In documenting, we give credit to others for their contributions to our work.

We must document the ideas, theories, definitions, data, images, and other
information in our writing that originated with others.

Notes to the Teacher

• Documentation is the general practice of acknowledging
sources by clearly indicating what you have borrowed and
giving the proper bibliographic information for each source
• A citation occurs when you use a specific source in your
work and then follow up with the proper bibliographic
information; plagiarism issues arise when you use a
specific source, but fail to indicate what you have
borrowed, and/or fail to provideproper bibliographic
information

Why is Citation Important?

We need to cite our sources properly to avoid plagiarism. Besides avoiding
plagiarism, citing is very important because:
 • We need to give credit to the owner of the idea/information.
• It shows that you have read and understand what experts have had to say
about your topic. The list of sources used increases your credibility as the
author of the work.
• It helps people find the sources that you used in case they want to read
more about the topic. Citation to sources helps readers expand their
knowledge on topic.
• It provides evidence for your arguments. In many cases, another researcher’s
arguments can act as the primary context from which you can emphasize
the significance of your study and to provide supporting evidence about how
you addressed the “So What?” question.
• It is profesional and standard practice for students and scholars. In academe
and professional world, failure to cite other people’s intellectual property
ruins careers and reputations can result in legal action. Citing sources as a
student will help you get in the habit of acknowledging and properly citing
the work of others.

Two Basic Approaches to Citation

The two basic approaches to citation are in-text and end-of-paper citation.
Any time you directly quote, paraphrase or summarize the essential elements of
someone else’s idea in your work, an in-text citation should follow. An in-text
citation is a brief notation within the text of your paper or presentation which refers
the reader to a fuller notation, or end-of-paper citation which provides all
necessary details about that source of information.

Direct quotations should be surrounded by quotations marks and are

generally used when the idea you want to capture is best expressed by the source.

Paraphrasing and summarizing involve rewording an essential idea from

someone else’s work, usually to either condense the point or to make it better fit
your writing style.
You do not have to cite your own ideas, unless they have been published.
And you do not have to cite common knowledge (e.g., George Washington was the
first president of the United States), or information that most people in your
audience would know without having to look it up.

In-Text Citations
In-text citations alert the reader to an idea from an outside source.

Parenthetical Notes
- In MLA and APA styles, in-text citations usually appear as parenthetical
notes (sometimes called parenthetical documentation). They are called
parenthetical notes because brief information about the source, usually
the author’s name, year of publication, and page number, is enclosed in
parentheses.
- They are inserted into the text of paper at the end of a sentence or
paragraph.
- In MLA and APA styles, in-text citations are associated with end-of-paper
citations that provide full details about an information source.
 Note Numbers
- In Chicago style, in-text citations usually appear as superscript
numerals, or note numbers
- These note numbers are associated with full citations that can appear as
footnotes (bottom of page), endnotes (end of chapter or paper), or lists of
cited references at the end of the paper.

End-of-Paper Citations

End-of-paper citations, as well as footnotes and endnotes, include full

details about a source of information. Citations contain different pieces of
identifying information about your source depending on what type of source it is.
There are many other types of sources you might use, including books, book
chapters, films, song lyrics, musical scores, interviews, e-mails, blog entries, art
works, lectures, websites and more. In academic research, your resources will most
commonly be articles from scholarly journals, and the citation for an article
typically includes:

• Author(s)
• Article title
• Publication information (journal title, date, volume, issue, pages, etc.)
• And, for online sources:
- DOI (digital object identifier)
- URL of the information source itself
- URL of the journal that published the article

At the end of your research paper, full citations should be listed in order
according to the citation style you are using:

• In MLA style, this list is called a Works Cited page

• In APA style, it is called a References page
• And in Chicago style, there may be both a Notes page and a
Bibliography page

Three Different Citation Styles

The way that citations appear (format) depends on the citation style, which
is a set of established rules and conventions for documenting sources. The citation
style that you use depends on the discipline in which you are writing, and where,
or by whom, your work will be published or read.
When in doubt, ask your teacher if there is a particular style that he/she
would like to use.

MLA, APA, and Chicago are three common citation styles. These are ways of
giving credit to sources from which we use ideas, words, and images. Each citation
system has its own distinctive style for citing sources both in-text or at the end
(works cited or reference page).
The features of each style are based on the values of the fields that use them.
Learning the reasons for these features demonstrates a lot about particular
disciplines and the advantages to having different systems.
 1. MLA (Modern Language Association)
- It is a style of formatting academic papers that is used mostly in the arts
and humanities.
- Commonly used in Humanities fields such as English and Philosophy
- Places emphasis on exact words of other writers; quotes are often
important
- Page numbers used in in-text citations to help readers quickly find
quotes and ideas
- Author names written out completely in Works Cited List
- No cover page or abstract required
In-Text End-of-Paper

(Smith 263)

In-text citations: Author-page style

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means
that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or
paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should
appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the
sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the
page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your
sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a

"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative

process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell
readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work
by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this
source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of
Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.

In-text citations for print sources with known author
For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and
newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a
page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not
need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-

using animals" (3).
Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke
3).

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which
will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the
Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life,

Literature, and Method. University of California Press, 1966.

In-text citations for print sources with no known author

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work
instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work
(such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television
shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely

because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more
comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ."
("Impact of Global Warming").

In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an
abbreviated title appears in the parenthetical citation, and the full title of the article
appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry on the Works Cited
page. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in
the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the
Works Cited page. The Works Cited entry appears as follows:

"The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming:

Early Signs. 1999. www.climatehotmap.org/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2009.

Parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages, used in conjunction, allow

readers to know which sources you consulted in writing your essay, so that they
can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own
scholarly work.
Author-page citation for classic and literary works with
multiple editions
Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can
help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work, like Marx
and Engels's The Communist Manifesto. In such cases, give the page number of
your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course)
followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol.),
book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.). For example:

Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class

struggles (79; ch. 1).

Citing authors with same last names

Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which
a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name,
provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different
authors share initials) in your citation. For example:

Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to

designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical
research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).

Citing a work by multiple authors

For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in
the parenthetical citation:

Best and Marcus argue that one should read a text for what it says on
its surface, rather than looking for some hidden meaning (9).

The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is “evident,

perceptible, apprehensible in texts” (Best and Marcus 9).
Corresponding Works Cited entry:

Best, David, and Sharon Marcus. “Surface Reading: An

Introduction.” Representations, vol. 108, no. 1, Fall 2009, pp. 1-21. JSTOR,
doi:10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1
For a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’s last
name, and replace the additional names with et al.

According to Franck et al., “Current agricultural policies in the U.S.

are contributing to the poor health of Americans” (327).
The authors claim that one cause of obesity in the United States is
government-funded farm subsidies (Franck et al. 327).
Corresponding Works Cited entry:

Franck, Caroline, et al. “Agricultural Subsidies and the American

Obesity Epidemic.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine, vol. 45, no. 3,
Sept. 2013, pp. 327-333.

Citing multiple works by the same author

If you cite more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for the
particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put
short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.
Citing two articles by the same author:

Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small
children ("Too Soon" 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early
exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill
development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development"
17).

Citing two books by the same author:

Murray states that writing is "a process" that "varies with our thinking
style" (Write to Learn 6). Additionally, Murray argues that the purpose of
writing is to "carry ideas and information from the mind of one person into
the mind of another" (A Writer Teaches Writing 3).

Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, format

your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened
title of the work, and, when appropriate, the page number(s):

Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be "too easy"

(Elkins, "Visual Studies" 63).

Citing indirect sources

Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a
source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to
indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:

Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social

service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).
Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the
original source, rather than citing an indirect source.

Citing non-print or sources from the Internet

With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have
to cite sources you found in digital environments. While many sources on the
Internet should not be used for scholarly work, some Web sources are perfectly
acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or
internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your
Works Cited page.
Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for
electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers. However, these sorts of
entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation. For
electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:

• Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that
corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name,
film name).
 • Do not provide paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web
browser’s print preview function.
• Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase in order to get
the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only
provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for
example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com, as opposed to writing
out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.

Electronic sources
Electronic sources may include web pages and online news or magazine
articles:
One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo "has become notorious
for its near-failure and many obstacles" (Taylor, “Fitzcarraldo”).

The Purdue OWL is accessed by millions of users every year. Its "MLA
Formatting and Style Guide" is one of the most popular resources.

In the first example (an online magazine article), the writer has chosen not to
include the author name in-text; however, two entries from the same author appear
in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes both the author’s last name and the
article title in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader to the
appropriate entry on the Works Cited page (see below).
In the second example (a web page), a parenthetical citation is not necessary
because the page does not list an author, and the title of the article, “MLA
Formatting and Style Guide,” is used as a signal phrase within the sentence. If the
title of the article was not named in the sentence, an abbreviated version would
appear in a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. Both corresponding
Works Cited entries are as follows:

Taylor, Rumsey. "Fitzcarraldo." Slant, 13 Jun. 2003,

www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/fitzcarraldo/. Accessed 29 Sep. 2009.

"MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue OWL, 2 Aug. 2016,
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/. Accessed 2 April 2018.

Multiple citations
To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the
citations by a semi-colon:

. . . as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).

2. APA (American Psychological Association)

- Is the professional guild who first developed the guidelines of the style.
APA style is a style of formatting academc papers that is used mostly in
the social sciences.
- Used mainly in Social Sciences such as Psychology, Sociology, Education,
and Criminal Justice
- Formal structure often used, including specific subheadings
- Cover page and abstract often required
- General ideas usually more important that exact exact words, avoid too
many quotations, paraphrase (link) ideas
 - Dates important in in-text citations and Reference list; places importance
on most current research
- Author’s first names not written out, ideas and research more important
than researchers
In-Text End-of-Paper

(Smith, 2013, p. 263)

APA citation basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation.
This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source
should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference
should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting
the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only
have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page
number in your in-text reference. All sources that are cited in the text must appear
in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and

italics/underlining
• Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D.
Jones.
• If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that
are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and
Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose.

(Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be
capitalized: Writing new media.)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound

word: Natural-Born Cyborgs.
• Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The
Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo."
• Italicize the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies,
television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American
Mind; The Wizard of Oz; Friends.
• Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal
articles, articles from edited collections, television series episodes, and song
 titles: "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One
Where Chandler Can't Cry."

Short quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author,
year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce
the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by
the date of publication in parentheses.

According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA

style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p.
199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name,
the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199),
but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

Long quotations
Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free-standing block
of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line,
indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a
new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first
line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new
margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should
come after the closing punctuation mark.

Jones's (1998) study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it

was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed

to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to

ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

Summary or paraphrase
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make
reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA
guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not
required).

According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for

first-time learners.

APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones,

1998, p. 199).
3. CMS (Chicago Manual of Style)
- It is a style of formatting written works that is most widely used in
publishing.
- Commonly used in History and other Humanities fields
- There are two types: Authur and Date and Notes and Bibliography
- Notes and Bibliography uses footnotes and/or endnotes to elaborate on
source material
- Title page may be used in either format but usually not required;
subheadings not required.

In-Text End-of-Paper
 Engage

Directions: Each item below includes a flawed example of an MLA in-text

citation. Using the corresponding works-cited list, write a correct in text-citation
for each example (in some cases, you will have more than one option). You may
have to add information, delete information, or move information to make example
correct.
1) On page 8, Conrad’s narrator in Heart of Darkness describes the scene:
“Flames glided in on the river, small green flames, red flames, white flames,
pursuing, overtaking, joining, crossing each other — then separating slowly
or hastily.”
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Works Cited: Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Penguin Classics, 2007. ---
. The Secret Sharer. Random House, 2003.

2) Like Beowulf, J. R. R. Tolkien’s character Bilbo is “terrified of losing

himself” and so rejects exile and embraces the warrior’s heroic code
(Annotated Hobbit 226). Another work by Tolkien confronts the same issue:
the character Frodo is told that he must resist going to a “cave, slowly to
forget and to be forgotten” (365).
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Work Cited: Tolkien, J. R. R. Annotated Hobbit. Edited by Douglas A.
Anderson, Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
---. Lord of the Rings. 50th anniversary ed., Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

3) In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, the character Dill is introduced primarily

through narration:

Dill was from Meridian, Mississippi, was sending the summer with his
aunt, Miss Rachel, and would be spending every summer in Maycomb
from now on. His family was from Maycomb County originally, his
mother worked for a photographer in Meridian, had entered his
picture in a Beautiful Child contest and won five dollars. She gave the
money to Dill, who went to the picture show twenty times on it. (11)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Work Cited: Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Grand Central Publishing,

2015.
4) President Trump has taken to calling North Korea by an abbreviation:
“NoKo.”

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Work Cited: @realDonaldTrump. “NoKo has interpreted America’s past

restraint as weakness. This would be a fatal miscalculation. Do not
underestimate us. AND DO NOT TRY US.” Twitter, 8 Nov. 2017, twitter.com/
realDonaldTrump/status/928279728125108225.

5) According to Kidder et al., “To write is to talk to strangers” (3).

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Work Cited: Kidder, Tracy, and Richard Todd. Good Prose: The Art of
Nonfiction. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2013.
Directions: Each item below includes a flawed example of an APA in-text
citation. Write a correct in text-citation for each example (in some cases, you will
have more than one option). You may have to add information, delete information,
or move information to make example correct.

6) According to Wong (2020), he states that the Internet is a useful

research tool (p.16).
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

7) Wong (2020), he states that the Internet is a useful research tool

(p.16).
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
8) Wong, D. (2020), states that the Internet is a useful research tool
(p.16).
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Apply

Great job! You are almost done with this module. Let’s summarize what you
have learned from the lesson and activities by identifying the term being described
by the statements below. Use a separate sheet of paper and write only your answer.

1. This format often includes the following pieces of information, in this

order: Author's Last name, First name. "Title of Source." Title of
Container, other contributors, version, numbers, publisher, publication
date, location. ______________________

2. Presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without

their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full
acknowledgement. _________________

3. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or

endnotes. _________

4. The brief form of the reference that you include in the body of your
work. It gives enough information to uniquely identify the source in your
reference list. _____________________

5. This format consists of the author's last name and the year of
publication (also known as the author-date system). _______________
Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.
Use a separate sheet of paper and write only your answer. (Note: All statements
describes APA format.)

1. When citing one or two authors in-text, never use et al.; instead, always
provide the author’s names. ___________
2. When providing two or more authors’ names in a parenthetical citation,
use “and” to join the names, not the ampersand symbol. For example,
(Lastname, Lastname, and Lastname, year, p. X). ______________
3. The year of publication should be included in parentheses after an
author’s name whenever the author is named in the text. For example:
‘Lastname (year) argued that…”. _______________
4. When mentioning a source with at least three authors in a sentence in
either a parenthetical citation or in the sentence text, only the first author’s
name and et al. should be provided: “Lastname et al. (year) argued that …”.
____________
5. If the only way to cite a source is through a secondary source citation,
wherein, Lastname1 refers to the author of the text you read and Lastname2
refers to the secondary author quoted by Lastname1. The correct format
should be: (Lastname2, year, as cited in Lastname1, year, p. X).
_____________

Assess

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. When should you use in-text citations within your paper?
a. At the end of each page
b. At the end of every paragraph
c. Whenever information has come from another source
d. All of the above

2. For all paraphrased or summarized content, what should you include in

your APA in-text citation?
a. The author’s last name and the page or paragraph number
b. The author’s last name and the date of publication
c. The title of the document and the author’s last name
d. The author’s first name and the date of publication
3. For all quoted material, what should you include in your APA in-text
citation?
a. The author’s last name, year, and the title of the source
b. The author’s last name, year, and page or paragraph number
c. The author’s last name, title of source, and page/paragraph number
d. The author’s last name, year, and the title of the source

4. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted (APA) in-text

citation for a summary or paraphrase?
a. ABC Corporation (Jones, 2001) was operating on a significantly
reduced budget…
b. Jones (2006) stated the results of the study directly correlate with the
challenges…
c. Smith implied the assumptions of the research indicated a
problem…(Smith, 2004)
d. Wordsworth (263) extensively explored the role of emotion in the
creative process…

5. Which of the following examples includes a properly formatted in-text

citation for a quote?
a. Alex (1999) said, “After all this time, I find it hard to believe the theory
of…”.
b. Matthews said, “The research study results were inconclusive” (para.
4).
c. Smith (2005) stated, “ The rules and regulations clearly mandate…”
(p.67).
d. Jones (1998) said, "Students often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first time".

6. Which of the statement is true for APA formatted citation?

a. If you are using an online source, you can just give the URL in the
citation.
b. If no author is listed, then a citation does not need to be included in
your paper.
c. If no date is listed, write “n.d.” to indicate no date was provided.
d. For a source with two authors, list the second author’s last name in
the text or in the parenthetical citation.

7. Which of the following MLA in-text citations is correct?

a. As children get older, they become more aware of standards for
personal space (Worchel and Cooper 536).
b. As children get older, they become more aware of standards for
personal space (Worchel and Cooper: 536).
c. As children get older, they become more aware of standards for
personal space (536).
d. As children get older, they become more aware of standards for
personal space (Worchel and Cooper, 536).

8. In MLA, when documenting one author in reference in a text, which is

correct?
a. This point has been argued before (Frye 197).
b. This point has been argued before. (Glenn Frye, 197)
c. This point has been argued before. (Frye 197)
d. This point has been argued before (Frye, 197).
 9. In MLA, when documenting one author by name in a text, which is correct?
a. Frye has argued this point before (Frye 197).
b. Frye has argued this point before. (197).
c. Frye has argued this point before. (Frye, 197).
d. Frye has argued this point before (197).

10. Which is the correct way to cite a website?

a. The Modern Language Association was founded in 1883 (mla.org).
b. According to the Modern Language Association’s (MLA) website, the
MLA was founded in 1883 (mla.org).
c. Both
d. None of the above

Reflect

How I Rate Myself…

Directions: Think about the lessons particularly the parts that went well (you have
understood) and the parts that were weak (you have difficulty). Put a check mark
( ) on the box which appropriately describe your progress on this module.

How much did this module help Poor Fair Good Excellent
you… (1) (2) (3) (4)

define plagiarism?

explain the importance of citation?

identify the different citation

styles?

use proper in-text citation?

References

Electronic Sources:

Silva, L. Handout Practicing In-Text Citations. The MLA Style Center Teaching
Resources. 2018.
https://d5qwk5ky11xwv.cloudfront.net/app/uploads/sites/3/2020/10/Silva_Prac
ticing-In-Text-Citations-Handout_10-8.pdf
https://plagiarism.arts.cornell.edu/tutorial/logistics3.cfm

https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-2081367

https://wps.pearsoned.ca/ca_ph_troyka_qa3_update/135/34682/8878616.cw/ind
ex.html
https://www.uis.edu/ctl/wp-
content/uploads/sites/76/2013/03/MLACitationMethodsQuizanswerkey.pdf
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition
/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html

https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/442a99d8-8b99-4c2a-
925f-71869c7dc324/1/In-
Text%20Citation%20Practice%20Quiz.zip/story_html5.html

http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/citingsources
http://subjectguides.esc.edu/researchskillstutorial/citationparts

http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/citations
http://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/basiccitationguidelines
http://guides.library.ucsc.edu/writing/cite_sources

http://libguides.brown.edu/citations/styles
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