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Columns

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8 views

Columns

Uploaded by

Alyanna García
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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columns

AR 3151/D
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 3
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COLUMNS
• Columns are rigid, relatively slender
structural members designed primarily
to support axial compressive loads
applied to the ends of the members.
• There may be short columns or long
columns.
• Concrete columns are designed to act
together with vertical and lateral
reinforcement in resisting applied forces.
Factors affecting the Structures
• Lateral Loads (Horizontal Load)
• Loads ü Wind Load
• Gravity Loads ü Earthquake
(Vertical Load) ü Tsunami

ü Dead load
ü Live Load
Structural Analysis
• Mathematics, Physics, Materials Engineering
Design equations, Softwares, Models, Analysis, Spreedsheet, Design
table

Load Transfer
q Roof - Column - Footing - Ground
ü Structural Elements
• Columns, Beams, Slab, Roof, Braces, Structural Walls, Shear walls,
Purlins, Girts, Rafters
• How much reinforcements
• Sizes of structural elements
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COLUMNS

• Concrete columns may be supported


by isolated footings, by a mat or
combined footing, or by pile caps.

• Lay out columns along a regular


grid for economical forming of beams
and slabs.

• Columns should be continuous to


the building foundation.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
COLUMNS

• Column spacing = beam or slab


span
• Column spacing
determinesimposed loads
Short Columns – Occur when the
unsupported height is not
greater than ten times the shortest
lateral dimension of the
cross section.

• Relatively short, thick columns are


subject to failure by crushing
rather than by buckling
REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

Long Columns – Occur when the


unsupported height is more
than ten times the shortest lateral
dimension of the cross
section.

• Long, slender columns are subject to


failure by buckling
rather than by crushing.
Lateral reinforcement restrains the vertical
reinforcement and strengthens the column
against buckling.
TYPES OF RC COLUMNS

Reinforced-concrete columns may be classified into five types:

1. Tied Columns.
• These are columns with longitudinal bars and lateral
ties.
• The ratio of the effective cross-sectional area of vertical
reinforcement to the gross column area should not be less than 1%
nor more than 8%, and should consist of at least 4 bars of a
minimum size of #5.
TYPES OF RC COLUMNS

Lateral tiles shall be at least 3/8” (10 mm) diameter and shall be
spaced apart not over than 16 bar diameters, 48 tie diameters, or
the least dimension of the column.

Where there are more than four vertical bars, additional ties should
be provided so that every longitudinal bar will be firmly held in its
designed position. The reinforcement for tied columns shall be
protected by a covering of concrete, cast monolithically with the core,
of at least 1-1/2” (38 mm) thickness.
2. Spiral Columns.
• These are columns with
longitudinal bars and closely
spaced continuous spiral
hooping.
• For spiral columns, the ratio of
the area of the vertical
reinforcement to the gross
column area shall not less than
1% nor more than 8%.
• The minimum number of bars
shall 6, and the minimum bar
size shall #5.
• The spiral reinforcement, with min
size of 3/8” shall consist of evenly
spaced continuous spirals held firmly
in place by at least three vertical
spacer bars.
• The center to center spacing of the
spirals shall not exceed 3” (75 mm)
nor be less than 1-3/8” (35 mm) or 1-
1/2 times the maximum size of the
coarse aggregate. Protective covering
for the column reinforcement shall
not be less than 1-1/2” (38 mm).
3. Composite Columns – where
structural steel columns are
embedded into the concrete core of
a spiral column.

4. Combined Columns – where


structural steel is encased in
concrete of at least 7 cm thick,
reinforced with wire mess
surrounding the column at a
distance of 3 cm inside the outer
face of the concrete cover.
5. Lally Columns – are fabricated steel
pipes provided with flat steel
plates which holds a girder or girt, and is
filled with grout or concrete
to prevent corrosion.

6. Compound Columns - are structural


steel columns encased in concrete at
least 2 1/2" (64 mm) thick, reinforced
with wire mesh.
Inclined Columns
Tree Column

Diagram: Centra at
Metropark, Iselin,
New Jersey,
1997–2011, Kohn
Pederson Fox
Associates

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