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Hardware and Software The Foundations of Computing

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Hardware and Software The Foundations of Computing

Uploaded by

princeafsha83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hardware and Software: The

Foundations of Computing
Computing technology is built upon the foundations of both hardware
and software, each playing a vital role in powering our digital world. This
overview will explore the key components and concepts that form the
backbone of modern computing systems.

by Afsha Prince
What is Hardware?
1 Physical Components 2 Durable Construction
Hardware refers to the Hardware is typically
tangible, physical parts that designed to be robust and
make up a computer long-lasting, withstanding
system, such as the regular use and wear and
processor, memory, storage, tear.
and input/output devices.

3 Variety of Devices
Hardware encompasses a wide range of devices, from desktops
and laptops to smartphones, tablets, and specialized peripherals.
The Components of a Computer
Processor Memory Storage
The central processing unit (CPU) that Volatile storage (RAM) that holds data Non-volatile storage (hard drives,
executes instructions and performs and instructions for immediate use by solid-state drives) that permanently
calculations. the processor. stores data, programs, and files.
Processors and Memory
Processor Storage
The CPU, or central processing unit, is the "brain" of the Hard drives, solid-state drives, and other storage devices
computer, responsible for executing instructions and provide long-term, non-volatile storage for programs,
performing calculations. files, and data.

1 2 3

Memory
RAM, or random access memory, provides temporary
storage for data and instructions that the processor
needs to access quickly.
Input and Output Devices

Keyboard Mouse
Allows users to input text and Enables users to navigate, select,
control the computer through key and interact with on-screen
presses. elements using pointer movements
and clicks.

Monitor Printer
Displays visual output, allowing Converts digital data into physical,
users to view information and printed output on paper or other
interact with the computer's media.
interface.
What is Software?
Intangible Instructions Variety of Applications
Software refers to the digital Software encompasses a wide
instructions and programs that range of applications, from
tell hardware how to function operating systems and
and perform specific tasks. productivity tools to games
and specialized programs.

Constant Evolution User Interaction


Software is continuously Software provides the
evolving, with new versions, interface and tools that allow
updates, and innovations users to interact with and
regularly introduced to control the computer system.
enhance functionality and user
experience.
System Software and Application Software
System Software Application Software Collaboration
Low-level programs that manage the Higher-level programs designed to System software and application
computer's resources and provide a perform specific tasks, such as word software work together to enable the
foundation for running other software, processing, spreadsheet smooth and efficient operation of a
such as operating systems and device management, web browsing, and computer system.
drivers. multimedia creation.
Programming Languages and Code
1 2 3

High-Level Languages Compilation Coding Practices


Programming languages, such as The process of translating high-level Best practices in software
Python, Java, and C++, that are code into low-level machine code development, including commenting,
designed to be human-readable and that the computer's processor can version control, and testing, help
easy to write. understand and execute. ensure the quality and maintainability
of code.
The Software Development
Lifecycle
1 Planning
Defining the project requirements, goals, and scope to
guide the development process.

2 Design
Creating the architecture, user interface, and other
technical specifications for the software.

3 Implementation
Writing and testing the actual code that brings the
software to life.

4 Deployment
Releasing the software to users and providing ongoing
maintenance and updates.
Trends in Hardware and
Software
1 Miniaturization 2 Cloud Computing
Advancements in The shift towards cloud-
semiconductor technology based software and storage
have enabled the creation of solutions has transformed
smaller, more powerful the way we access and use
hardware components. digital resources.

3 Artificial Intelligence 4 Internet of Things


The integration of AI and The proliferation of
machine learning algorithms interconnected devices,
into software and hardware from smartphones to smart
is revolutionizing various home appliances, is driving
industries and applications. the evolution of the digital
landscape.

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