IT REVIEWER

MODULE 1

Communication device – is a hardware component that aids a computer to send

(transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more
computers.

Computer – is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored

in its own memory, that can accept data, manipulate the data according to specified
rules, procedure results, and store the results for future use.

Desktop computer – is designed to be paced on a desk, and is typically made up of a

few different parts, including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Motherboard – is a circuitry of the system unit which is commonly a part of,

associated with, or linked to a circuit board.

Supercomputer – is an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of

instructions per second.

Trend – refers to a particular style in fashion, devices, or entertainment. There could

always be a new trend coming along to replace the old.

USB flash drive - is a portable storage device that has more storage capacity than a
floppy disk or Zip disk. It is small and lightweight enough to be transported on a
keychain or put in one’s pocket.

User – is anyone who communicates and interacts with a computer or makes use of
the information it generates.

LESSON 1:

Diff of ICT and IT- ICT is technology that supports activities involving information
such as gathering, processing, storing, and presenting data. Increasingly, these
activities also involve collaboration and communication. IT pertains to the industry
that involves computers, software, networking, and other IT infrastructure that help
relay or manage information deemed important in modern-day living as seen
primarily in large companies or corporations.

ICT- INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Information- refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, study, or research.

Communication- is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process in which

information is exchanged between two individuals through verbal and non-verbal
means.

Technology- has evolved in ways that improve people’s daily activities.

Knowledge- Processed information

Automation- is defined as “the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a

system operate automatically.”

Three principal characteristics of computer:

• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
• It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions.
• It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

Applications of ICT:
 Business
 Education
 Healthcare
 Retail and Trade
 Government
and etc.

LESSON 3:

Hardware- pertains to the computer’s physical devices. It is any part of the computer
that can be seen and touched.

Input devices- devices enter or send data and instructions from the user or from
another computer system (ex: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital cam, PC
vid cam)

Output devices- is any hardware component that transmits information to one or

more people. (ex: printer, monitor, speaker)

System unit- is the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are
used to administer data.

Storage devices- a computer also needs a place to hold program files and all related
files when they are not in use. The goal of using a storage is to keep data permanent.

Flash disk drive- a small portable storage device often referred to as pen drives,
thumb drives, or jump drives.

Hard disk drive- another type of storage

Compact disc- is a flat, round, and portable metal disc. One type of compact disc is a
CD-ROM, which can be accessed using most CD and DVD drives.

LESSON 4:

Why computers are powerful? Speed, Reliability and Consistency, Accuracy,

Communication
LESSON 5:

Personal computer- is a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.

Workstation- is a powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal

computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.

Minicomputer – is a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds

of users simultaneously.

Mainframe – is a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting hundred or

thousands of users simultaneously.

Supercomputer – is an extremely fast computer that can perform millions of

instructions per second.

These different types of computers are as follows:

 Desktop computers – are computers designed to be placed on a desk, and are
normally made up of a few different parts, including the computer case, central
processing unit (CPU), monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

 Laptop computers – are battery-powered computer devices whose portability

makes them possible to use almost anytime, anywhere.

 Tablet computers – are hand-held computers with touch-sensitive screen for

typing and navigating.

 Smartphones – are hand-held telephones which can do things that computers can
do, including browsing and searching the internet and even playing console games.

 Wearables – include fitness trackers and smartwatches that can be worn

throughout the day.

 Smart TVs – are the latest television sets that include applications present in
computers.

LESSON 6:

Media- normally refers to the means of communication that uses unique tools to
interconnect among people.

Medium- refers to the tool or tools used in sending a message from the source to the
destination.

Messenger- is the one who delivers the message.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT

Plagiarism- It is an act of theft in which a person copies another person’s ideas,
words, or writings,
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and pass them off as his or her own.

Exploitation- It is an action in which one deals with a person dishonestly, unethically,

and
dishonorably, in order to take advantage of the latter’s works and/or resources.

Libel- It can either be an insult, slur, or slander.

Software piracy- It refers to an act of installing or copying a software into the

computer in the absence of an end-user licensing agreements (EULA), and/or
producing a copy disregarding the copyrights.

MODULE 2

Binary number system -is a method of representing numbers with 2 as its base and
uses only the digits of 0 and 1; each successive digits represents a power of 2.

Central processing unit (CPU) – is the brains of the computer in which most
calculations take place.

LESSON 1:

Basic parts of computer- central processing unit (CPU), memory, a keyboard or

other input device, and a screen or other output device.

System bus- is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data from
a computer’s peripheral devices

3 types of buses

Data bus- can transfer data to and from the memory of a computer, or into or out of
the CPU.

Address bus- is used by the CPU to specify a physical address for instructions, files,
and other devices within the computer system.

Control bus- is used by CPUs to communicate with other devices within the
computer system.

Computer Network System- A computer network is an interconnection of two or

more computers. This interconnection gives these computer the capability to share
information and resources.

Personal Area Network (PAN) – is a type of connection which is often limited to an

individual person and his or her personal devices.

Local Area Network (LAN) – is a connection in which a group of computers and

other devices, such as network printers, share a common communications line within
a certain area.

Wide Area Network (WAN) – may be less restrictive than LAN as rules and policies
may differ within its coverage.

METHODS OF COMMUNICATION:

Wired- refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication

technology.

Wireless- include microwave transmission, satellite communication, cellular

transmission, and radio transmissions such as WiFi connectivity.

Wifi- uses radio waves to wirelessly transmit information across a network.

Bluetooth- uses radio waves to connect to other devices.

Computer software- is a combination of instructions, data, and programs that the

computer needs in order to do specific task. Another term used for computer software
is computer program.

System software- also called an operating system (OS) is the most important
software running on a computer since it manages the computer’s memory and
instructions and has the ability to control all the connected hardware and installed
software applications.

Application software- consists of programs that are designed to perform specific

tasks for users.

Online application software- is now introduced with the improved internet speed
being made available to consumers.