In Python, there are many built-in functions and methods available for various operations.
Here's a list
of the most common built-in functions and methods:
Built-in Functions:
1. Type Conversion Functions:
int() : Converts a value to an integer.
float() : Converts a value to a floating-point number.
str() : Converts a value to a string.
bool() : Converts a value to a boolean (True or False).
complex() : Converts a value to a complex number.
list() : Converts a value to a list.
tuple() : Converts a value to a tuple.
set() : Converts a value to a set.
dict() : Converts a value to a dictionary.
2. Mathematical Functions:
abs() : Returns the absolute value of a number.
pow() : Returns the value of x raised to the power y (x^y).
round() : Rounds a number to a given precision.
sum() : Sums an iterable (e.g., a list or tuple).
min() : Returns the smallest item from an iterable.
max() : Returns the largest item from an iterable.
divmod() : Returns the quotient and remainder as a tuple.
3. Input/Output Functions:
print() : Outputs data to the console.
input() : Gets user input as a string.
open() : Opens a file and returns a file object.
4. Utility Functions:
len() : Returns the length of an object (e.g., list, string).
type() : Returns the type of an object.
isinstance() : Checks if an object is an instance of a class or type.
id() : Returns the unique identifier for an object.
dir() : Returns a list of attributes and methods of an object.
help() : Displays the documentation of an object or function.
range() : Generates a sequence of numbers.
5. Iterators and Generators:
enumerate() : Returns an enumerate object, pairing each element with its index.
map() : Applies a function to every item in an iterable.
filter() : Filters an iterable using a function.
zip() : Combines elements from multiple iterables.
6. Object-related Functions:
callable() : Checks if an object is callable.
getattr() : Returns the value of an attribute from an object.
setattr() : Sets an attribute's value.
delattr() : Deletes an attribute from an object.
hasattr() : Checks if an object has a certain attribute.
7. Sorting and Reversing:
sorted() : Returns a sorted list from the items of an iterable.
reversed() : Returns a reverse iterator of a sequence.
8. Memory Management:
id() : Returns the memory address of an object.
globals() : Returns a dictionary of the current global symbol table.
locals() : Returns a dictionary of the current local symbol table.
9. Exception Handling Functions:
try , except , finally : Control flow for handling exceptions.
raise : Used to raise an exception manually.
10. Other Built-in Functions:
all() : Returns True if all elements in an iterable are true.
any() : Returns True if any element in an iterable is true.
bin() : Converts an integer to binary.
oct() : Converts an integer to octal.
hex() : Converts an integer to hexadecimal.
eval() : Evaluates a Python expression.
exec() : Executes Python code dynamically.
compile() : Compiles a source into a code object.
Commonly Used Methods:
Methods are typically bound to specific data types (e.g., strings, lists, dictionaries):
1. String Methods:
upper() : Converts a string to uppercase.
lower() : Converts a string to lowercase.
replace() : Replaces substrings.
find() : Returns the index of the first occurrence of a substring.
split() : Splits a string into a list.
join() : Joins a list of strings into one string.
2. List Methods:
append() : Adds an element to the end of a list.
extend() : Extends a list by appending elements from an iterable.
insert() : Inserts an element at a specific position.
remove() : Removes the first occurrence of a value.
pop() : Removes and returns the last or specified item in a list.
sort() : Sorts the list in place.
reverse() : Reverses the list in place.
3. Dictionary Methods:
keys() : Returns a view object of dictionary keys.
values() : Returns a view object of dictionary values.
items() : Returns a view object of dictionary key-value pairs.
get() : Returns the value of a key.
update() : Updates the dictionary with elements from another dictionary or iterable.
4. Set Methods:
add() : Adds an element to a set.
remove() : Removes an element from a set.
union() : Returns the union of sets.
intersection() : Returns the intersection of sets.
difference() : Returns the difference of sets.
These are just some of the core functions and methods in Python. There's a vast array of modules and
libraries that offer even more specialized functions.
