ASSIGNMENT (MODULE 4)
Answer the following questions. Show your solution.
NO SOLUTION, NO POINTS.
1. What is the molar mass for each of the following? (4 points)
a. Mg- 24.305 u b. Al- 26.981539 u c. P- 30.973762 u d. Mn- 54.938044 u
2. Determine the molar mass of each of the following. (6 points)
a. H3PO4 b. Al2(SO4)3
Hydrogen- (1.008 g)3=3.024 g Aluminum- (26.981539 g)2=53.9631 g
Phosphorus- 30.97 g Sulfur- (32.065 g)3=96.195 g
Oxygen- (16.00 g)4=64 g Oxygen- (64 g)3=192 g
3.024g+30.97g+64g=97.99 g/mol 53.9631g+96.195g+192g=342.15 g/mol
Molar mass of H3PO4 is 97.99 g/mol Molar mass of Al2(SO4)3 is 342.15 g/mol
c. Cu (NO3)2
Copper- 63.546 g
Nitrogen- (14.0067 g)2=28.0134 g
Oxygen- (48 g)2= 96 g
63.546g+ 28.0134g+96g=187.56 g/mol
Molar mass of Cu (NO3)2 is 187.56 g/mol
3. How many g of CaCO3 are present in a sample if there are 4.52 x 1024 atoms of carbon in
that sample? (3 points)
Given: 4.52 x 10^24 carbon atoms.
number of atoms = number of moles /Avogadro's number
(4.52 x 10^24) / (6.022 x 10^23) =7.505 moles
Molar mass of Calcium=40 g 7.505 x 100 =750.5 grams
Molar mass of Carbon=12 g Therefore, the grams present in a sample is 750.5 g.
Molar mass of Oxygen= 16x3
Molar mass of CaCO3 is 100 g/mol
4. How many molecules of HCl are in 4.91 L of HCl acid at 25°C if the density equals
1.096 g/mL? (3 points)
4.91L=4910mL. The mass is 4910×1.096g=5381.36g.
Avogadro’s number = 6.022×10²³
H=1 Cl=35.5 5381.36g/36.5g(6.022×10²³) = 8.87850683×1025 molecules
Molar mass of HCl is 36.5g
5. Calculate the percentage composition of each element in:
a. NaCl (4 points)
Total molecular mass of NaCl = atomic mass of sodium + atomic mass of chlorine
=> 23 + 35.5 = 58.5g.
% Composition of Na = mass of sodium/total mass x 100
=> 23/58.5 x 100 = 39.3%
% Composition of Cl = mass of chlorine/total mass x 100
=> 35.5/58.5 x 100 = 60.7%
b. Sulfuric acid (6 points)
Total molecular mass of Sulfuric acid = atomic mass of Hydrogen + atomic mass of Sulfur +
atomic mass of Oxygen
=>1.00784(2) + 32.065 + 15.999(4) = 98.079 g
% Composition of H = mass of Hydrogen/total mass x 100
=> 2.01568/98.079 x 100 = 2.1 %
% Composition of S= mass of Sulfur/total mass x 100
=> 32.065/98.079 x 100 = 32.7 %
% Composition of Oxygen = mass of Oxygen/total mass x 100
=> 63.996/98.079 x 100 = 65.3 %
c. Acetone (6 points)
Total molecular mass of Acetone = atomic mass of Carbon + atomic mass of Hydrogen + atomic
mass of Oxygen
=>12.0107(3) +1.00784(6) +16 = 58.079 g
% Composition of C = mass of Carbon/total mass x 100
=>36.0321/58.079 x 100=62.1 %
% Composition of H = mass of Hydrogen/total mass x 100
=>6.04704/58.079 x 100= 10.4 %
% Composition of O = mass of Oxygen/total mass x 100
=>15.999/58.079 x 100= 27.5%
d. Capric acid (6 points)
C10H20O2
Total molecular mass of Capric acid = atomic mass of Carbon + atomic mass of
Hydrogen + atomic mass of Oxygen
=>12.0107(10) +1.00784(20) +16(2) = 172.2638 g
% Composition of C = mass of Carbon/total mass x 100
=>120.107/172.2638 x 100=69.7%
% Composition of H = mass of Hydrogen/total mass x 100
=>20.1568/172.2638 x 100= 11.7%
% Composition of O = mass of Oxygen/total mass x 100
=>32/172.2638 x 100= 18.6%
6. Sorbitol, used as a sweetener in some sugar-free foods, has a molecular mass of 182
u and a mass percent composition: 39.56%C, 7.74% H, and 52.7% O. What are the
empirical formula and molecular formula of sorbitol? (5 points)
39.56 g 1 mol C
X = 3.29 mol/3.29 = 1(12.01)6 CH2O- Empirical formula
1 12.01 g C6H14O6- Molecular formula
7.74 g 1 mol H
X = 7.68 mol/3.29 = 2.3339(1.008) = (2.3525)6
1 1.008 g
52.7 g 1 mol O
X = 3.29 mol/3.29 = 1(16)6
1 16 g
7. Balance the following chemical reactions: (6 points)
a. C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
2-C-2
4-H-2x2=4
6=3x2-O-2+2x2=6
b. 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3+3H2
2-Al-2
6-H-3x2=6
6-Cl-3x2=6
c. CaSO4 + 2NaNO3→ Ca (NO3)2 + Na2SO4
1-Ca-1
1-S-1
10=4+3x2-O-3x2+4=10
2-Na-2
2-N-2
8. Write Balanced Equations of the following reactions: (6 points)
a. solid mercury (II) sulfide decomposing into its component elements when heated
HgS {solid} = Hg {liquid} + S {solid}
b. aluminum metal combining with oxygen in the air
4Al + 3O2 --> 2Al2O3
c. Methanol, CH3OH, burns in air.
2 CH 3 OH + 3 O 2 → 2 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O
9. Decomposition of KClO3 is sometimes used to prepare small amounts of O2 in the laboratory:
2 KClO3 (s) → 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g)
How many grams of O2 can be prepared from 4.50 g of KClO3? (5 points)
1mol KClO3 3 mol O2
4.50 g KClO3 x x = 0.0245 moles O2
122.5495 g 2 moles KClO3
O2 0.0245 moles O2 x 32 g/mole = 0.784 g O2 formed
10. Propane, C3H8 is a common fuel used for cooking and home heating. What mass of
O2 is consumed in the combustion of 1.00 g
of propane? (5 points)
C3H8 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 ---> 3CO2 + 4H2O
Molar Mass of C3H8 Molar Mass of O2
3C = 3 (12.01) = 36.03 2O = 2(16) = 32
8H = 8 (1.008) = 8.064
36.03 + 8.064 = 44.094
1 C3H8 = 5 O2
1 mol C3H8 5 mol O2 32 g O2
=1 g C3H8 x x x
44.094 g C3H8 1 mol C3H8 1 mol O2
16 O
= g O2
44.094
= 3.63 g O2
11. (a) When 1.50 mol of Al and 3.00 mol of Cl2 combine in the reaction: 2 Al + 3 Cl2 → 2 AlCl3, which is
the limiting reactant? (b)How many moles of AlCl3 are formed? (c) How many moles of the excess
reactant remain at the end of the reaction? (7 points)
Al: 1.50mol/2=.75
Cl2: 3.00mol/3=1.00
Since Al produces less number of moles of AlCl3 than Cl2, Al is the limiting reagent.
b.) 1.50 mol Al (2 mol AlCl3/2 mol Al) = 1.50 AlCl3
c.) = 1.50 mol AlCl3 (3 mol Cl2 / 2 mol AlCl3)
= 2.25 mol
=Cl2 –Cl2 consumed
= 3.00 mol – 2.25 mol
= 0.75 mol remained
12. When a 2.00-g strip of zinc metal is placed in an aqueous solution containing 2.50 g of silver nitrate,
the reaction is:
(a) Which reactant is limiting? (b) How many grams of Ag form? (c) How many grams of Zn (NO 3)2 form?
(d) How many grams of the excess reactant are left at the end of the reaction? (9 points)
Zn(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq) ------->2Ag(s) + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)
a) calculate the moles
Zn: 2.00g (1mol/65.4 g Zn) = 0.0306 mol
AgNo3: 2.50g (1mol/169.9 g AgNo3) = 0.0147 mol
Therefore the limiting reactant is silver nitrate.
b.) 2 moles Ag 107.9 g Ag
0.0147 moles AgNo3 x x = 1.59 g Ag
2 moles AgNo3 1 mole Ag
c.) 1 mole AgNo3 189.4 g Zn(NO3)2
0.0147 moles AgNO3 x x = 1.39 g Zn(NO3)2
2 moles Zn(NO3)2 1 mole Zn(NO3)2
d.)0.0306-0.00735 mol=0.2325
0.2325 x 65.4 g/mol = 1.52 grams of Zinc
13. Imagine you are working on ways to improve the process by which iron ore containing Fe 2O3 is
converted into iron:
(a) If you start with 150 g of Fe2O3 as the limiting reactant, what is the theoretical yield of Fe?
(b) If your actual yield is 87.9 g, what is the percent yield? (2 points)
Fe2O3(s)+ 3 CO(g) ------> 2 Fe (s) + 3 CO2(g)
Fe = 55.8 g/mol
O = 16.0 g/mol
Molar mass of Fe2CO3 = (55.8)2 + (16.0)3= 159.6 g/mol
150g of Fe2O3 contains x moles
159.6g contains 1 mole
150*1 / 159.6 = 0.9398 moles
Number of participating moles in reaction = 2
Therefore; 2 x 0.9398 = 1.8796 moles are in the reaction.
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Mass = number of moles * molar mass
Mass = 1.8796 x 55.84 = 104.95g of Fe
104.95g of Fe is theoretical yield.
(b) If your actual yield is 87.9 g, what is the percent yield? (2 points)
% yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100
Actual yield = 87.9g
% yield = (87.9 / 104.95) x 100
% yield = 83.75%
