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Functions

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8 views

Functions

Uploaded by

soyu.maj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions – Summary

A **function** is a mathematical relationship where each input is mapped to exactly one output.

**Key Concepts**:

1. **Notation**:

\( f(x) \), where \( f \) is the function, and \( x \) is the input (independent variable).

Example: \( f(x) = x^2 \).

2. **Domain**:

The set of all possible inputs (\( x \)) for which the function is defined.

Example: For \( f(x) = \sqrt{x} \), the domain is \( x \geq 0 \).

3. **Range**:

The set of all possible outputs (\( f(x) \)).

Example: For \( f(x) = x^2 \), the range is \( f(x) \geq 0 \).

4. **Rule**:

The formula or relationship defining the function.

Example: \( f(x) = 2x + 3 \) (linear function).

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**Types of Functions**:

1. **Linear Function**:

\( f(x) = mx + b \) (straight-line graph).

2. **Quadratic Function**:
\( f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \) (parabolic graph).

3. **Polynomial Function**:

\( f(x) = a_nx^n + \dots + a_1x + a_0 \).

4. **Rational Function**:

\( f(x) = \frac{p(x)}{q(x)} \), where \( p(x) \) and \( q(x) \) are polynomials.

5. **Exponential Function**:

\( f(x) = a^x \), where \( a > 0 \).

6. **Logarithmic Function**:

\( f(x) = \log_a(x) \), inverse of exponential function.

7. **Trigonometric Functions**:

\( f(x) = \sin(x), \cos(x), \tan(x), \dots \).

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**Key Properties**:

1. **Injective (One-to-One)**: Each output has only one input.

2. **Surjective (Onto)**: Every possible output is covered.

3. **Bijective**: Both injective and surjective (invertible).

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*Applications**:

- **Science**: Modeling natural phenomena.

- **Economics**: Analyzing trends and relationships.

- **Engineering**: Designing systems and simulations.

Functions are essential tools in mathematics and its applications.

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