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Introduction To Classification Analysis

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Introduction To Classification Analysis

Uploaded by

anushthasharma30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Classification Analysis
Classification analysis is a fundamental machine learning technique
used to categorize data into different classes or groups based on their
shared characteristics. It is a powerful tool for making predictions and
deriving insights from complex datasets.

by Anushtha Sharma & Vaishnavi Priya


Types of Classification Problems
1 Supervised Learning 2 Unsupervised Learning 3 Semi-Supervised Learning
The algorithm is trained on The algorithm discovers hidden A combination of labeled and
labeled data to learn the patterns and structures in unlabeled data is used to
relationship between input unlabeled data without prior improve classification
features and target labels. knowledge of the target classes. performance when labeled data
is scarce.
Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning Key Differences

The algorithm is provided with The algorithm discovers hidden Supervised learning is used for
labeled training data and learns to patterns and structures in the data classification and regression tasks,
predict the target variable. without any prior information about while unsupervised learning is used
the target. for clustering and anomaly detection.
Commonly Used Classification Algorithms
Logistic Regression Decision Trees
A widely used algorithm for binary classification problems. Intuitive algorithms that make decisions based on feature
values.

Support Vector Machines Random Forests


Powerful algorithms that can handle complex, non-linear An ensemble method that combines multiple decision trees
decision boundaries. to improve accuracy.
Feature Engineering and
Selection
1 Data Exploration
Understand the data and identify relevant features through
statistical analysis and visualization.

2 Feature Creation
Generate new features by transforming or combining the
original features to improve the model's performance.

3 Feature Selection
Select the most informative features and remove irrelevant or
redundant ones to simplify the model and improve
generalization.
Model Evaluation Metrics

Accuracy Precision
The proportion of correct The proportion of true positive
predictions made by the model. predictions among all positive
predictions.

Recall F1-Score
The proportion of true positive The harmonic mean of precision
predictions among all actual and recall, providing a balanced
positive instances. evaluation metric.
Overfitting and Regularization
Overfitting
A model that performs too well on the training data but fails
to generalize to new, unseen data.

Regularization
Techniques that add a penalty term to the model's objective
function to prevent overfitting and improve generalization.

Strategies
Techniques like L1/L2 regularization, dropout, and early
stopping can be used to address overfitting.
Handling Imbalanced
Datasets
1 Undersampling 2 Oversampling
Removing samples from Duplicating samples from
the majority class to the minority class to
balance the class balance the class
distribution. distribution.

3 Ensemble Methods 4 Cost-Sensitive


Learning
Using techniques like
bagging and boosting to Assigning higher costs to
improve classification misclassifying samples
performance on from the minority class.
imbalanced data.
Real-World Applications of Classification
Fraud Detection Medical Diagnosis Spam Filtering

Identifying fraudulent transactions Assisting doctors in diagnosing Classifying emails as spam or non-
and activities in financial systems. diseases based on patient symptoms spam to improve email inbox
and test results. management.
Conclusion and Future Trends
Continued Advancements Explainable AI
Classification algorithms will There is a growing emphasis on
continue to evolve, with developing classification models that
improvements in accuracy, can provide explanations for their
efficiency, and interpretability. predictions.

Integrations with Other Real-Time Applications


Techniques
Classification models will be
Classification will be increasingly deployed in more real-time
combined with other machine scenarios, such as autonomous
learning techniques, such as deep vehicles and smart city applications.
learning and reinforcement learning.

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