Drilling

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General discussion before moving ahead in this topic

As we discussed, in lathe with or without special arrangement all machining

operations can be achieved. However, performing many operations on lathe
are not suitable for mass production (i.e. not economically viable) .So, in
those cases, a dedicated machines are conceptualized to cater those
machining operations.

In view of this, we have to study three special machine tools namely:

❖ Drilling machine
❖ Milling machine
❖ Shaping machine (i.e. Shaper)

In this module : We study about Drilling machine: Principle, Working, Types ,

specification and different operation that can be performed on drilling
machine with ease (many of them we already discussed during lathe’s
operation.

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 Basics of Drilling Operation
Drilling is performed with a rotating cylindrical tool that has two cutting edges
on its working end.
The tool is called a drill or drill bit (most common types of drills are twist drills ).
The tool is fed in a direction parallel to its axis of rotation into the workpiece to
form the round hole.

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 Continued
Drill have three basic parts: the body, the point, and the shank.
The body contains two or more spiral or helical grooves, called flutes,
separated by lands .
The lands terminate in the point, with the leading edge of each land forming a
cutting edge.

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 Continued
The flutes serve as channels through which the chips are withdrawn from the
hole and coolant gets to the cutting edges.
The cone-shaped point on a drill contains the cutting edges.
The rotating drill feeds into the stationary workpiece to form a hole whose
diameter is equal to the drill diameter.
Drilling is customarily performed on a drill press , although other machine tools
also perform this operation.

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 Working Principle
The rotating edge of the drill exerts a large force on the work piece and the
hole is generated. The removal of metal in a drilling operation is by shearing
and extrusion.

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 Drilling Machine
A power operated machine tool which holds the drill in its spindle
rotating at high speeds and when actuated move linearly against the
work piece produces a hole.
it considered as most important m/c tools in workshop next to the
lathe.
Primarily designed to originate a hole.
In this machine holes drilled quickly and at a low cost.
It should able to withstand high magnitude drilling forces.

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 Drilling Machine : Construction

The unit essentially consists of:

1. A spindle which turns the tool (called drill) which

can be advanced in the work piece either
automatically or by hand.

2. A work table which holds the work piece rigidly

in position.

3. A structure to accommodate these both (Spindle

and work Table) : Vertical main column, Base

4. A Mechanism to rotating Spindle (Electric motor

and Variable speed gear box and spindle feed
mechanism)

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 Working Steps

Work piece with the exact location marked on

it with the centre punch is clamped rigidly on
the work table.
Make Spindle axis and center punch
indentation are in same line.
Machine is started and drill is rotated at
desired speed
Bit is lowered by rotating feed handle.
Drill bit or other tools clamped in spindle
touches the workpiece and starts removing
material.

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 Types of Drilling machine

1. Portable drilling machine

A) Hand Powered b) Electric Powered

2. Vertical spindle drilling machine

i. Sensitive drilling machine
a) Bench mounting b) Floor mounting
ii. Upright drilling machine
a) Round column section b) Box column section
4. Radial drilling machine
a) Plain b) Semi universal c) Universal
5. Gang drilling machine
6. Multiple spindle drilling machine
7. Automatic drilling machine
8. Deep hole drilling machine
a) Vertical b) Horizontal

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 Vertical spindle drilling Upright drilling machine
machine (Sensitive) (box column type)

Portable drilling machine

Turret drilling machine Portable drilling machine

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Note* More details are provided about these type of drilling are provided at the end of the slide (after thank you slide)
1. Sensitive drilling machine
The upright sensitive drill press gets
its name due to the fact that the
machine can only be hand fed. And,
Hand feeding the tool into the
workpiece allows the operator to
"feel" the cutting action of the tool.

Sensitive drill press is a light-duty

type of drilling machine that
normally incorporates a belt drive
spindle head.

This machine is generally used for

moderate-to-light duty work.

The sensitive drill press is

manufactured in a floor style or a
bench style.
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 Drilling Specifications
Power capacity of motor eg: 1.5 hp for
drilling motor
The range of speed of spindle e.g.: 50
to 2800 rpm.
Length of arm on which drill head can
traverse. e.g.: 600 mm.
Vertical movement of the arm e.g.: 500
mm.
Angular swing of arm e.g.: 360˚
Spindle travel
Weight
Floor Space
Drilling Space

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 Operations related to drilling

• Several operations are related to drilling.

• Most of the operations follow drilling; a hole must be made first
by drilling, and then the hole is modified by one of the other
operations.
• Centering and spot facing are exceptions to this rule.
• All of the operations use rotating tools.

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 Centering

• Also called center drilling, this operation drills a

starting hole to accurately establish its location
for subsequent drilling.
• The tool is called a center drill.

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 Reaming

• Reaming is used to slightly enlarge a hole, to

provide a better tolerance on its diameter, and to
improve its surface finish.
• The tool is called a reamer, and it usually has
straight flutes.

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 Tapping

• This operation is performed by a tap and is used

to provide internal screw threads on an existing
hole.

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 Boring
• It is process carried on a drilling machine to
increase the size of an already drilled hole.
• Initially a hole is drilled to the nearest size and
then using a boring tool the size of the hole is
increased.

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 Counter-boring

• Counter-boring provides a stepped hole, in which a

larger diameter follows a smaller diameter partially into
the hole.
• A counter bored hole is used to seat bolt heads into
a hole so the heads do not protrude above the surface.

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 Counter Sinking

• This is similar to counter boring, except that the

step in the hole is cone-shaped for flat head
screws and bolts.

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 Spot facing

• It is a finishing operation to produce flat

machined surface usually around a drilled hole,
for proper seating of bolt head or nut.
• It is done using a special spot facing tool.

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Thank You

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Videos link s:

Drilling machine (principle and its working)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf9rgvzjkpY
And
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYfAjakKO5w

Types of Drilling machine:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3u8wTjAedU

Drilling operations:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqNRlDsqWho

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Links to follow

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcJc_SRHUTI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7tvsqUIf2U

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