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Life Process 6

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21 views2 pages

Life Process 6

Uploaded by

sohailforsure
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS: Transportation in plants is done by xylem and phloem tissues.

XYLEM PHLOEM

Helps in transporting water and minerals from the Helps in transporting food from the leaves to the
roots to the upper parts of the plant body.
rest of the parts of the plant body.

Transport is unidirectional and no ATP is required Transport is bidirectional thus ATP is required.

TRANSPIRATION: It is the process of throwing excess water from the plant body through the tiny openings
present in the leaves called stomata.

Significance of transpiration
1. Helps in loose excess water
2. Helps in regulating the temperature of the plant body
3. It helps in transporting water and minerals within the plant body by creating suction pull from root to the
shoot part of the plant.

Mechanism of Transport of Water by xylem:

 Plants need water to make food through the process of photosynthesis and minerals for
making proteins. Thus, a plant absorbs water and minerals from soil through roots and
transport it other parts like stem, leaves, flowers etc. It is through two kinds of elements of
xylem tissue called, xylem vessels and tracheid that water and minerals move from roots of a
plant to its leaves.
 Epidermis, root cortex and endodermis are present between the root hair and root xylem. So,
the water which is absorbed by the root hairs from soil first passes through epidermis, root
cortex and endodermis and then finally reaches to root xylem.
 Also, minerals are present in soil. Plants take these minerals from soil in inorganic form such
as nitrates and phosphates. Minerals from soil gets dissolve in water to form an aqueous
solution. So, when water is transported from roots to leaves, minerals dissolved in water is also
transported.
 Root hair absorbs the water containing dissolved minerals from the soil. Root hair is directly in
contact with the film of water present in-between the soil particles. Water containing minerals
gets into the root hair and passes from cell to cell through the process of osmosis and reaches
epidermis, root cortex, endodermis and root xylem.
 Xylem vessels of the root are connected with the xylem vessel of the stem of a plant. So the
water enters from root xylem vessel to the stem xylem vessel and further reaches into the
leaves of the plant. The plant uses only one or two per cent of the water in photosynthesis. The
remaining water is lost in air as water vapour.
 The pressure at the top of the plant (in the leaves) is low whereas pressure at the bottom of
the plant is high. It is due to transpiration that the pressure is low at the top of a plant. And it is
because of low pressure at the top of the plant that water flows up the xylem vessel into the
leaves of a plant.
 The continuous evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant is called transpiration. The
leaves of a plant have tiny pores called stomata. It is through them that the water evaporates
into the air. This reduces the pressure at the top of xylem vessels and thus water flows up into
them.
TRANSLOCATION OR TRANSPORT OF FOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES:

The food manufactured by leaves passes into the storage region and other parts in the downward direction as
well as towards growing points in the upward direction. E.g., In spring season the stored food present in root
and stem is translocated upwardly to buds for their growth.

 Translocating nutrients are sucrose, amino acids, organic acids and hormones.
 Translocation occurs through phloem. The channel of transport are sieve tubes and companion cells.

Mechanism of Transport of food by phloem:

 Translocation in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP.


 With the help of energy food materials pass into the phloem
 After entering the sieve tubes the nutrients being in high concentration, exert an osmotic pressure
which causes entry of water.
 It forces the nutrients to pass towards the region which have low pressure.
 This allows the phloem to move materials according to the plant’s need.

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