Adoption of Experiential

Learning Approach for

Validation of Perpetual
Motion Machine of First A "Perpetual Motion
Kind Concept in Machine" Powered by
Engineering Electromagnetism
Thermodynamics

Sharad D. Patil, Kanhaiya

P. Powar

A review on how a Perpetual

Perpetual Motion Machine
Motion Machine generates
June 2008 Journal of
Perpetual Motion as a Source of electrical power M N Hidayat1, S
Engineering Science and
Electricity in Iraya Norte P and F RonilChairandyaya1
Technology

Is Perpetual Motion Possible at

the Quantum Level?

by Steven Strogatz
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Ready the materials

‌spring

‌dynamo

‌outlet

‌flywheel

‌magnet

Create a magnetic rotor system

*Arrange strong permanent

magnets around the rotor.
Perpetual Motion Perpetual Motion
*Place magnets on the stationary

as a Source of outer frame, ensuring opposite Use as an

poles face each other to create
Alternative Source
Electricity in Iraya attractive and repulsive force.

Add a coil of wire to generate of Electricity in

Norte electricity
Iraya Norte
*Wind the copper wire around a
section of the frame, allowing the
changing magnetic fields as the
rotor spins to induce electrical
current in the wire.

Test the system

*Spin the rotor. In the best-case

scenario, it will generate some
current but it will require external
energy to keep it spinning due to
friction, air resistance and
ineffincies.
Attempt to minimize energy loss

*Use low bearings

*Eliminate drag from the air by

encasing the rotor in a vacuum. (If
possible)

*Use high quality materials for wires

to reduce electrical resistance.

Observe and Evaluate

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The basic tanents of physics ultimately place limitations on the theoretical foundation for
perpetual motion in energy generation. But new developments in energy iffciency, low-friction
materials, and energy recycling methods offer encouraging avenues for lowering the amount
of energy needed. These methods, which are not perpetual, are meant to create systems that
closely resemble continues operation as a workable substitute for actual perpetual motion.

Adoption of Experiential Learning Approach for Validation of Perpetual Motion Machine of

First Kind Concept in Engineering Thermodynamics
Sharad D. Patil, Kanhaiya P. Powar)
This article presents experiential learning model applied to engineering thermodynamics
course (subject) for validation of basic thermodynamic concepts.
(Perpetual Motion Machine
June 2008 Journal of Engineering Science and Technology;)
The discussion on every version of a perpetual motion machine on the one hand gives the
chance to comprehend the inventor's of each period level of knowledge.

(A “Perpetual Motion Machine” Powered by Electromagnetism )

explain how the machine can be used in class to illustrate physical principles, outline the
possible mechanisms.
(A review on how a Perpetual Motion Machine generates electrical power
M N Hidayat1, S P Chairandy1 and F Ronilaya1)
This paper reviews some aspects on how A Perpetual Motion Machine (PMM) generates
electrical power.
(Is Perpetual Motion Possible at the Quantum Level? By Steven Strogatz) Steven Strogatz
discusses time crystals and their significance with the theoretical physicist Vedika
Khemani(opens a new tab) of Stanford University, who co-discovered that they were possible
and then helped to create one on a quantum computing platform.
CHAPTER 2

Review Related Literature

Adoption of Experiential Learning Approach for Validation of Perpetual Motion Machine
of First Kind Concept in Engineering Thermodynamics Sharad D. Patil, Kanhaiya P. Powar
Engaging students in practical and challenging activities is one of the way to engage students
in the learning process. The learning through inference drawn from these activities and
experience is referred as an experiential learning. Experiential learning has evolved as a
superior teaching-learning methodology over conventional classroom teaching. Autonomy in
learning to the students and triggering creative thinking in students are the key aspects of
experiential learning methodology. Educationalists have adopted experiential learning to
science and technology, medical, management and engineering disciplines and is being more
popular day by day. This article presents experiential learning model applied to engineering
thermodynamics course (subject) for validation of basic thermodynamic concepts. Student
validated working of a machine without any work input by reproducing the machine claimed
in the videos uploaded on video sharing platforms. Flexible learning system helped students to
have proper understanding of basic concepts, laws of thermodynamics and understanding and
to improve academic performance.
In A “Perpetual Motion Machine” Powered by Electromagnetism by Hollis Williams explain
that "Perpetual motion” is a hypothetical type of motion that continues forever without any
external energy input contributing to the system. Students should know that this is generally
impossible because of energy losses due to friction or other nonconservative forces, or
because some assumption has been made that violates the first or second law of
thermodynamics (or both). The first law states that the total energy of an isolated system
remains constant over time, and one of the most common formulations of the second law
states that the entropy of an isolated system over time cannot decrease. Note that the laws
apply to an isolated system (i.e., one that cannot exchange mass or energy with its
surroundings), whereas a closed system can still exchange energy even if it cannot exchange
mass.1 There have historically been many purported perpetual motion machines.2,3 A close
analysis of the machine invariably finds either that there is some assumption that violates the
laws of thermodynamics or that there is some input from an external energy source, which
means that the system is not isolated.4,5 In this article, we will consider an amusing example
of such a machine, in which a ball starts on a platform, falls through a hole, and slides down a
track formed from two side-by-side stainless steel rods.6 I explain how the machine can be
used in class to illustrate physical principles, outline the possible mechanisms, and end with an
explanation of the correct mechanism.
Meanwhile, Perpetual Motion | Definition & Examples by Hannah Gordon, Richard Cardenas .
A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical device that produces work forever without ever
needing to refuel or receive external energy. There are three proposed kinds of perpetual
motion machine: the first kind, which would produce enough energy to reset its own cycle,
the second kind, which would convert all of the heat it receives into work, and the third kind,
which would eliminate all forms of dissipation. All three kinds are considered impossible by
modern science.
And added an example the "The Overbalanced Wheel". The oldest known proposal for a
perpetual motion machine is the overbalanced wheel. The first known design for the
overbalanced wheel dates back to the 12th century and is due to the Indian mathematician
Bhskara II. The French architect Vilard de Honnecourt proposed a similar design in the 13th
century. The basic idea was this: Have some weight on top of a slope, and have the slope
attached to a wheel. When the weight rolls down the slope, it turns the wheel. Now, suppose
one attaches these weights all around the wheel. As some of the weights fall and turn the
wheel, this pulls up the fallen weights on the other side of the wheel. One might hope that
they get pulled up all the way, so that they are set up to fall again and perpetuate the cycle.
While the basic idea was the same, Bhskara used mercury in tubes while Honnecourt used
pivoted hammers to provide the falling weights.

Regarding to the study of "A review on how a Perpetual Motion Machine generates electrical
power" by Hidayat, M.N; Chairandy, S.P.; Ronilaya, F. Electrical energy demand is increasing in
accordance with rapid growth of the human population. Since fossil fuels is the most widely
used energy source, thus it is depleting very fast. Alternative energy source is urgently needed
to replace the use of conventional energy sources. Perpetual Motion Machine (PMM) which
can be applied to produce electricity, may be an alternative solution for the problem the
world is facing today. The machine is designed to generate power from repulsive forces of
permanent magnet without utilizing external sources. Some researches had conducted
experiments and Neodymium magnet is most used in the project due to its strong magnetic
field. The device is mainly built using a permanent magnet, a rotating wheel and a generator.
This paper reviews some aspects on how A Perpetual Motion Machine (PMM) generates
electrical power. The aim of the paper is to provide a summary of the topic and its
opportunities in further enhancements for better results. The study found that the concept is
very effective, ecofriendly and less space needed. However, a larger scale development of the
machine along with proper magnet and gear arrangement is currently needed for a better
performance and application.

Also the "A review on how a Perpetual Motion Machine generates electrical power" also by M
N Hidayat1, S P Chairandy1 and F Ronilaya1. Electrical energy demand is increasing in
accordance with rapid growth of the human population. Since fossil fuels is the most widely
used energy source, thus it is depleting very fast. Alternative energy source is urgently needed
to replace the use of conventional energy sources. Perpetual Motion Machine (PMM) which
can be applied to produce electricity, may be an alternative solution for the problem the
world is facing today. The machine is designed to generate power from repulsive forces of
permanent magnet without utilizing external sources. Some researches had conducted
experiments and Neodymium magnet is most used in the project due to its strong magnetic
field. The device is mainly built using a permanent magnet, a rotating wheel and a generator.
This paper reviews some aspects on how A Perpetual Motion Machine (PMM) generates
electrical power. The aim of the paper is to provide a summary of the topic and its
opportunities in further enhancements for better results. The study found that the concept is
very effective, ecofriendly and less space needed. However, a larger scale development of the
machine along with proper magnet and gear arrangement is currently needed for a better
performance and application.

And lastly "Is Perpetual Motion Possible at the Quantum Level?" By Steven Strogatz May 3,
2023. So is there any way to play with quantum phenomena to make a state of matter that
will keep changing back and forth, back and forth forever? Well, my guest today is a member
of a team that theoretically discovered the time crystal and helped realize it experimentally on
a quantum computer. Theoretical physicist Vedika Khemani is an assistant professor of physics
at Stanford University. In 2021, she received(opens a new tab) the New Horizons in Physics
Prize from the Breakthrough Prize Foundation for her work on non-equilibrium quantum
matter, including time crystals. She joins me to explain what time crystals are, how they’re
expanding our understanding of what’s possible in the quantum sandbox, and whether all of
this is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics.
So a phase of matter, you know — you may be familiar with phases such as solids, liquids, and
gases — a phase of matter is often described in terms of symmetries. So one of the
fundamental symmetries of nature is that of translation symmetry in space. OK, so this means
that the laws of physics look the same, right? So if I do an experiment here at Stanford and
then repeat it where you are at Cornell, we should get the same results, hopefully, right? I can
translate by any amount and the laws of physics would be the same. On the other hand, if you
look at how a crystal is arranged, it spontaneously breaks this translation symmetry, because
the crystal doesn’t look the same everywhere. What you see instead is a periodic array of
atoms separated by space, and then there’s an atom and then there’s space, and then there’s
an atom. And this continues forever.