Introduction to the

Philosophy of the
Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Human Person in the Society
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Human Person in the Society
First Edition, 2020

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 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Human Person in
Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded
of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

1
 Let Us Learn

This module covers the essence of a society and the responsibilities of

human beings in society. The human being exists to relate with others. The
person is, by nature, a social being because he or she has a tendency to go out
of himself or herself to form bonds and relationships with others. Throughout a
person’s life, he or she experiences a various relationship that help shape him or
her as an integral person.

The following areas are the lessons contained in this

module: Lesson 1: Forms of Society
Lesson 2: Transformation and Influence of Human Relations
by Social Systems

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize how individuals form societies and how
individuals are transformed by societies;
2. compare various forms of societies; and
3. explain how social systems transform human relations.

Let Us Try
Activity 1 To begin this lesson, you have to recall your lesson on Intersubjectivity
Directions:
1. Answer the question based on your experience.
2. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper

How did you interact with the following people in society?

Types of People Way of Interaction

I was able to share my achievements and plans
Example Mother
with my mother.
1 Parents/Guardians
2 Teachers
3 Classmates
4 Friends
5 Relatives

2
 SCORING RUBRIC

Statement is clear Statement is not clear

2 Points 1 Point

Philosopher Philosophy on Intersubjectivity

“Achieving virtue and acquiring a

sense of self-identity require social
interaction and working with
https://www.ancient.eu/ others.”
aristotle/
Aristotle
Greek Philosopher
385-322 BC

“Intersubjectivity is the interchange

of thoughts and feelings between two
persons or subjects.”
Pinterrest.com
Edmund Husserl
German Philosopher
1859-1938

Activity 2 You must know the forms of society!

Directions:
1. Identify and determine which form of society is referred
to by the following statements.
2. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper

A - Hunting and gathering society

B - Pastoral society
C - Horticultural society
D - Agrarian or agricultural society
E - Feudal society
F - Industrial society
G - Post – industrial society

3
 This society engages in the small-scale cultivation of
1
plants,
fruits and vegetables.
In this society, those who own land are considered most
2
powerful and influential.
3 This society has given rise to a virtual society.
4 This society uses machinery to produce goods and
services.
5 This society is generally small in size and is composed of
families.
This society primarily relies on the domestication of
6
animals
for food.
This society features large-scale and long-term cultivation
7
of crops
and domestication of animals.
8 This is the earliest and simplest form of society.
9 This society is based on the ownership of land.
10 This society is based on knowledge, information, and the
sale
of services.
In this society, work is done in factories and public
11
education is
more prevalent.
12 Members of this society pastured animals for food and
transportation.
The large population of this society leads to the more
13
structured
social system that helps manage resources and its
members.
In this society, roles and responsibilities are more clearly
14
defined
with many tasks assigned according to gender.
15 In this society, the business owners and the capitalists are
considered the most influential.

Let Us Study

Lesson Forms of Society

1
This lesson will help you understand better the forms of society and
how individuals form societies. Throughout history, the development of
societies shows the development of humankind in response to changing
surroundings and historical developments.

4
Laurel K. Roa
 How will you describe a society?
Society is an organized group of people whose members interact freely
and have a common territory and culture. It also refers to companionship
or friendly association with others, an alliance, a community, or a union.

Auguste Comte is the father of sociology. He

used the term “sociology” in 1838, which
refers to the scientific study of society. He
believed that all societies develop and
progress through the following stages:
religious, metaphysical, and scientific. He
argued that society needs scientific
knowledge based on facts and evidence to
solve its problems not speculation and
superstition, which characterize social
development’s religious and metaphysical
stages. Comte viewed the science of
sociology as consisting of two branches:
britannica.com dynamics, the study of the processes by
Auguste Comte which societies change, and statics,
French Philosopher studying of the processes by which
1798-1857 societies endure. He also envisioned
sociologists as eventually developing a
scientific social knowledge that would
guide society into positive directions.

How do individuals form societies?

The human being exists to relate with other people. The person is by
nature a social being because he tends to go out of himsel for herself to
form bonds and relationships with others. Throughout a person’s life, he
experiences various relationships that help shape him as a person. As we
grow into adulthood, our relationships and responsibilities also change
because we play more significant roles in the communities we live in.

How do societies transform individuals?

As individuals, members of society can transform themselves and
attain development through their interactions within society. In turn,
humans are also able to influence society through their actions. Society
also makes possible the emergence of certain individualities. The survival
of a human being is essentially rooted in society and human relations.
As the individual grows, he or she begins to experience life outside
the home and begins to interact with other people in different settings.
This also leads the person to form other relationships as groups, such as
establishing friendships in school or workplaces. Society and its various

5
aspects provide the support that ensures the development of the human
person.

6
 Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques
Rousseau were among the most prominent social theorists who tackled human
society’s origins. To fully understand society’s real character, they imagined
humans as living in a so- called “natural state” removed from modernity and
civilization.

How will you describe the Social Contract Theory?

Social Contract Theory :
 Explanation or justification of a relationship between the individual
and the larger society or government.
 Demonstrate why members of a society would rationally find at
their best interests to comply with their society’s principles and
regulations.
 Refers to contracts between a nation and its citizens. Consent to
such contracts is meant to occur tacitly, or implicitly, by virtue of
being a citizen of the state.
 Human reason is the key element in social contract theories. The
underlying view of human nature includes that we are rational
beings and can understand why and how regulations and principles
in society make life better. Given that humans are rational, the
contract itself needs to express what a rational person would agree
to.

Philosopher Social Contract Theory

Humans are selfish, destructive, unprincipled,

and at war with each other in the state of nature.
But because humans are also rational, they
realize that their lives will be better if they
cooperate with others and live under the
protection of a sovereign authority. This social
contract, according to Hobbes, is about giving up
sunsigns.org some freedom in exchange for safety. Political
Thomas Hobbes structure is required if there is peace and
British Philosopher cooperation.
1588-1679

Humans, by nature, possess rights, which

entail the responsibility not to invade the rights
of another.
John Locke used the social contract to justify
the authority of the state. However, he thought
the government’s role is to be the servant of its
citizens and protect peoples’ natural rights. The
right to private property, among those natural
7
 rights, is central to Locke’s case for civil
government; property ownership is
subject to contention. The contract expects the
civil authority to protect property and other
rights of the
individual. Locke believed that all people have
natural rights no matter what the culture or
circumstances are. Natural rights constitute a
basic moral law. Every person has these rights,
simply by virtue of being human. In Locke’s view,
the right to life, liberty, health, and property are
inalienable.

etc.usf.edu
John Locke
British Philosopher
1632-1704

He saw humans in the state of nature as

compassionate and essentially moral beings.
However. when removed from this literally
natural state, humans are subject to corruption
and loss of their natural compassion. Having
private property, for example, encourages one to
be deceived by greed and self- interest.
Rousseau thought that society ought to be
ordered to give up some individual freedom and
rights for collective liberty. His view of social
contract involved uniting together to express a
single collective will. In this way, the state, or
society, acts as a moral person, rather than just a
collection of individuals. The general will is the
dreamstime.com
will of a politically unified group of people that
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
defines the common good, determines right
Swiss Philosopher
1712-1778
and wrong, and is established by passing
laws.

What are the different forms of societies?

Throughout history, the development of societies shows the development of

humankind in response to changing surroundings and historical
developments.
The various forms of societies that emerged are the

 Hunting and gathering society

 Pastoral society
 Horticultural society
 Agrarian or Agricultural society
 Feudal society 8
  Industrial society
 Post-Industrial society

Form of Society Social Characteristics

This form of society is recognized as
the earliest and simplest form of society.
It is generally characterized by its small
size and is composed mainly of families.
They are nomadic because they spend
most of their time searching for food and
have no permanent territory. Its
members are generally treated equally
wikimedia.org
and decisions usually arrived at a
Hunting and Gathering consensus. Because of this, the roles of
Society its members and the division of labor
arenot
clearly defined.

Animals’ domestication characterized

this form of society for a more stable and
predictable food supply. It has larger
population than hunting and gathering
society and remain longer in one place.
This society often produces surplus food
and resources which they trade with
other societies.
The members of pastoral society
emerged 12,000 years ago, pasture
animals for food and transportation.
wikimedia.org Pastoral societies still exist today,
Pastoral Society primarily in the desert lands of North
Africa where horticulture and
manufacturing are not possible.
This form of society engages in the
small- scale cultivation of plants, fruits
and vegetables, and animals’
domestication. It is semi-nomadic
because people travel to another place
when they have already depleted area’s
resources. In this society, roles and
responsibilities are more clearly defined
with many tasks assigned according to
gender. The assignment of tasks and
wikimedia.org occupations were often based on gender,
Horticultural Society with women doing mostly domestic
work at home,
while men engaged in hunting and
farming.
This form of society is the evolution of
the pastoral and horticultural societies.
9
 Agriculture involves the large-scale and
long-term cultivation of crops and
domestication of animals. This society is
characterized by improved technology
and the use of tools to aid in farming.
Improved technology and farming
methods result in increased production,
giving rise to a growing agricultural
society. The large
population of agricultural societies leads
to a

more structured social system that

helps manage resources and its
members.

wikimedia.org
Agrarian or Agricultural
Society
From the 9th to 15th
centuries, feudalism was a form of
society based on land ownership. Unlike
today's farmers, vassals under feudalism
were bound to cultivating their lord's
land. In a feudal society, rulers grant
their followers or vassals the right to
manage parcels of land. These vassals
are served by peasant workers who
cultivate the land and tend to the farms’
animals. In return of their services, they
are provided military production.
Members of society are organized based
on status. Those who own lands are
considered the most powerful and
influential members of society, while the
peasants are considered the lowest
group. This society gives rise to
individuals who value relations among
family members and other community
members. People who belong to the
higher class are treated with respect by
pinterest.om the members of the community. They are
Feudal Society often traditional and are resistant to
social change, preferring to maintain the
way things are in their community.

10
11
 This form of society is based on the
use of specialized machinery to produce
goods and services. The advances in
science and technology in the late 18 th
century resulted in the industrial
revolution, which in turn gave rise to new
products and industrial methods, as well
as innovations in transportation and
communication. These technological
advances resulted in improved trade and
commerce, and better living conditions
for many people. Work is done in
factories and public education is more
prevalent. The emergence of industrial
societies is characterized by greater
inequalities in wealth, power, and
influence. Industrial societies are often
defined by the nature of work and the
prevailing industry in an area. The
capitalists or business owners are
considered the most influential. This
society is also characterized by cultural
diversity and the presence of
bureaucratic forms of organization. An
important factor in social relations in the
workplace and people often interact with
shutterstock.com individuals who do not come from the
Industrial Society same family, clan, or community.
Impersonal relationships prevail among
individuals.
The industrial revolution appeared first in
Great Britain and then quickly spread to
the rest of the world.

This form of society is marked by

establishing societies based on
knowledge, information, and the sale of
services. Members of this society have
higher educational attainment, better
training, and specialized roles. The
virtual society, where people organize
themselves through communication
technology and the internet, is a product
of a post-industrial society.
Individuals in a virtual society often
engage in complex relationships. They
often have fluid identities and do not
necessarily subscribe to certain norms or
established standards of behavior. The
wikimedia.org freedom allowed in virtual worlds means
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Post-Industrial Society that a person is able to engage in various
activities, as well as access various kinds
of information.

13
 The growth and development of the various forms of societies highlight
the growing complexity of human interactions over time. The technological
advances and cultural changes that brought about these changes result in the
expanding communities that now include people from varied ethnicities. These
developments have led to innovations in human interactions such as language
and the establishment of governments. Many countries worldwide are industrial
societies, and a number of developed countries have evolved into post-industrial
and virtual societies.

But despite these advancements and changes, the human person still
remains the heart and center of society. The person is the primary agent of
change, as he or she drives social changes based on responses to events and
developments affecting society.

What is a social institution?

Social institutionsare certain groups that perform vital functions in the

society.

 Family
 Church
 School
 Barangay
 Workplace

Social Institution Characteristics

Family is a unique social institution. It
is the basic unit of social organization.
Family is the nucleus of all social
structures and continue to be the most
stable association and human institution.
Society is a conglomeration of families.
No society or civilization ever exists
without family. It plays a very important
role in the process of socialization.

It is the simplest and most elementary

group found in a society. The social
group consisting of a father, mother and
children are the most immediate group a
child is exposed to. It is the most
enduring group, which has tremendous
Family influence on the life of an individual.

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 The church is a religious organization,
congregation or community, and this
community consists of people not
structures. It is a place for fellowship,
worship and ministry which is conducted
by believers. The church is where the
believers fulfill their specific nature and
purpose.

The church is where people should go

if they are in need of a spiritual fix. The
church is a hospital for sinners and not
an exclusive club for saints. In sociology,
four main characteristics are used to
describe these religious organizations: a
bureaucratic organizational structure, a
passive relationship with their members,
Church a positive relationship and attitude to
society and the state, and a leading
vision for the whole of society including
a positive attitude to other religious
bodies.

School is the place where children go

to be educated. This social system is an
educational institution designed to
provide learning spaces and learning
environment for students’ education
under the direction and supervision of
the teachers.

A school environment offers students

the opportunity to learn to work with
others, which is a very important “real
world” skill. Through games and
projects, and even participation in after-
school sports, children can learn the
importance of forging relationships with
each other. These activities can also help
us learn to manage difficult personalities
and better understand how we work as
individuals.

School boosts confidence and teaches

us to establish and maintain friendships,
and learn how to work together as a
School team, which is a primary tenet of any
successful society. Without school,
knowledge would not spread quickly,
and our access to new ideas and people
could easily be cut off.

15
16
Social System Characteristics
A workplace is a location where
someone works for his or her employer.
It is known as a place of employment.
Such a place can range from a home
office to a large office or building.

For industrialized societies, the

workplace is one of the most important
social spaces other than the home,
constituting a central concept for
several entities: the worker and his/her
family, the employing organization, the
customers of the organization, and the
society as a whole.

Workplace The development of new

communication technologies have led to
the development of the virtual
workplace, a workplace that is not located
in any one physical space.

A barangay is the smallest

administrative division in the Philippines
and is the native Filipino term for a
village, district or ward. The word
barangay originated from balangay, a
kind of boat used by a group of
Austronesian people when they
migrated to the Philippines.

The barangay serves as the primary

planning and implementing unit of
government policies, plans, programs,
projects, and activities in the
community; as a forum wherein the
collective views of the people may be
Barangay expressed, crystallized and considered;
and where disputes may be amicably
settled.

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 How do we distinguish rural and urban societies?

filipinohomes.com Agriculture.com
URBAN SOCIETY RURAL SOCIETY

 Highly industrialized society  Not industrialized society

 Urban areas have a high population  Rural areas have a low
density population density
 Rural areas have large amounts of
 Urban areas have large amounts of
developed lands with a density of undeveloped land with a density of
human structures such as houses, human structures such as simple
commercial buildings, roads, bridges houses, stores and agricultural
and railways. works.

 Rural area refers to barrios and

 Urban area refers to towns and cities. sitios.

 Life in the city is not simple  Life in rural society is very simple
but very complex and and reflected in dressing, food
complicated. habits, shelter and manners.

 People in rural society have

 People in the city belong to different homogeneity and enjoy more or
castes, creeds, religions and cultures, less
and they do not enjoy the same social the same social status.
status.
 There is little scope for
 There is frequent occupational occupational mobility in rural
mobility in the city.
society.
 There is a division of labor and
specialization on job allotment in  There is no division of labor in the
the city. rural community.

 The cities provide both  There are few chances of

incentives and employment to employment and incentives in

18
 the people. the rural society.

 Industrialized types of work are the  Agriculture is the fundamental

fundamental occupation of the people occupation of the people in a rural
in urban society. area.

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 Lesson Transformation and Influence of Human
2 Relations by Social Systems

How does society influence Filipinos?

Being born in the Philippines is not our choice, but as we grow up in

Philippine society, we begin to adopt the traits, traditions and characteristics that
distinguish Filipino culture. We learn to speak our dialect through our interactions
with family members and other members of society. It is also through our way of
interactions with other individuals and institutions that we learn how to behave
appropriately, what beliefs and traditions to practice, and what ideas and
perspectives to consider acceptable. All these come together to define our
identity as persons and members of the Philippine society particularly in Davao
Region.

You cannot think of a person outside of society and you cannot think of
society without persons. The person and the society have a very dynamic
relationship in which one cannot exist without the other. Because of this reality,
it is important to consider society’s role in the growth and development of a
person, and its role in transforming society.

Society influences our development as Filipinos in various ways:

1. Society is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture, identity,

values, ideas, and knowledge of the persons, groups, and communities
surrounding us.

For instance, think of various institutions and social systems in society that
have contributed to your identity as a person. Your interactions with your family,
friends, schoolmates, teachers, and other people in your community have all left
indelible marks on your identity.

2. Society influences its members’ interactions by establishing norms, which

are a set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable and are thus
encouraged and passed on to other members. A vital way society influences us
as persons is by defining the relationships and interactions among its members.

For instance, when you meet a person for the first time, what do you do? The
first thing that comes to your mind is to say “Hello” or “Nice to meet you!” Some
will offer a handshake to the other person as a greeting. A handshake is a simple
gesture, but it shows how society expects us to behave when we are with other
people. Ever since you were a child, you have been constantly reminded to greet
your elders respectfully. Filipinos have a unique gesture to greet and show
respect to elders: the “mano” or “pagmamano”.

When members of a society do not conform to norms, they often experience

negative consequences, such as punishments or social stigma. Norms regulate
the behavior and interactions of its members in a society. They also establish
and maintain social order.

20
3. Society, through the establishment of norms, can also influence knowledge and
ideas.

For instance, what does it mean when the traffic light flashes red? We know that
the red light means stop. Why do we need to follow it? We need to follow it
because it has been a law in our society for social orderliness particularly for
operating vehicles across the roads.

21
 How does society transform human relations?

Society transforms human relations by acknowledging and performing the

assigned roles in a social system. The way we relate and interact with other
people in society define our social identity. The way we perform our roles in the
society justifies our responsibilities with other people and in various institutions.
To understand our social identity and responsibility, we need to enlighten
ourselves with the classifications of society:

1. Social System – is an organized or patterned set of relationships among

individuals and groups that compose a society. Members of society act and
interact with an established social system. Norms, laws and other rules that
regulate human interactions give rise to social system. It is a formal structure of
role and status that can form in a small and stable group.

Examples of social systems include nuclear family units, communities,

cities, nations, school campuses, corporations and industries. The organization
and definition of groups within a social system depend on various shared
properties such as location, socioeconomic status, race, religion, and societal
functions.

2. Social Institutions – are certain groups that perform vital functions in society.

Examples of social institutions are family, school, religion, government

and work environment.

3. Social Status–refers to any socially defined positions within a society.

Examples of social status:

1. Ascribes Status – is generally assigned at birth without regard to
a person’s unique talents or characteristics such as gender, race,
and age.

2. Achieved Status–is generally given to us through our own efforts

such as educator, painter, engineer, caregiver, and law enforcer.

4. Social Role – refers to the set of behaviors expected of individuals within

social institutions. It is also an expected behavior based on the position a person
occupies in society. Each individual holds a different status within distinct
institutions of society.

Examples of social roles based on social status:

1. Father – as the head of the family, his roles are to provide the
family’s basic needs, do a job that can sustain the financial needs of
the family, and educate his children using the intelligences and
skills that he acquires and possesses.

2. Mother–to attend to her children’s needs, prepare daily meals,

maintain the house’s cleanliness and orderliness, and assist her
spouse in educating their children.

3. Teacher – to provide knowledge and guidance to the learners.

4. Friend – to create a harmonious relationship with friends and

maintain social bonds among their peers.
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5. Social Group - is a collection of people who interact with each other
and share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.

Examples of social groups:

1. Primary Group– is usually small, is characterized by extensive
interaction with strong emotional ties, and endures over time.
Members of such group care a lot about each other. This group
includes family, circle of friends, team mates, clubs, and co-
employees.

2. Secondary Group – is usually large, is characterized by more

impersonal interaction, and relatively endures in a short span of
time. In this group, emotional ties and intensity of interaction
generally remain much weaker than the primary group. This group
includes religious, business, governmental and civic organizations.

Society transforms human relations in various ways:

1. Society shapes us through social values, which are actions or ideals

that are considered important by society.

For instance, values such as respect for others, obedience to the law, concern for
others and cooperation are vital to maintaining an orderly society.

A society that upholds positive social values will influence its members to
uphold these positive values. On the other hand, a society that is defined by
negative values will, in turn, produce individuals who embody these negative
values.

2. Today’s modern society enables various people from diverse

backgrounds and societies to interact and establish close ties.

For instance, in our family, we may relate more closely to our parents, siblings, and
relatives. In school, we may communicate with our teachers, classmates and friends. In the
church, we may interact with the priests, pastors and church goers.

3. Virtual societies have transformed human relations as improved

communication technologies make people from faraway places interact closely
with each other.

For instance, an oversees working Filipino communicates with his family in Davao
Region through the internet or video conferencing.

4. Emergence of industrial societies transformed human relations through

interactions on family and community ties, and interactions in the workplace.

For instance, an employee in a government agency discusses his output of the day
to his immediate supervisor.

23
 Let Us Practice

Activity 3 I am a part of social institutions.

Directions: Identify and determine which form of social institution is referred to by
the following statements. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

A - Family
B - Church
C - School
D - Barangay
E - Workplace

1 It is a unique social institution and the basic unit of social

organization.
It is a religious organization, congregation or community where
2
believers conduct fellowship, worship and ministry.
It is a basic political unit that serves as the primary planning
3 and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs,
projects
and activities in the community.
It is the nucleus of all social structures and the most stable
4
association and institution in the society.
It is a location where someone works for his or her employer
5 and such
a place can range from home office to a large office or building.
It is a place where believers fulfill their spiritual and religious
6
nature
and purpose.
It is a place where children go to acquire knowledge and
7
wisdom
under the direction and supervision of the teachers.
It is an avenue where we establish and maintain friendship, and
8 learn how to work together as a team which is a primary
tenet of any successful society.
It is a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be
9 expressed and considered, and where disputes may be
amicably settled.
It is the simplest group in a society where a child is exposed to
10 and the
most enduring group which has tremendous influence on the
life of an individual.
It is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and a
11
native
Filipino term for a village, district or ward.
24
12 It is known as an employing organization and resident of
customers.
It is an environment that offers learners the opportunity to learn
13
to work
with others, which is a very important “real world” skill.
It is a locale where people should go if they are in need of
14
spiritual
and religious fix.
15 It is a hospital for sinners and not an exclusive club for the
saints.

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 Let Us Practice More

Activity 4 Rural Society versus Urban Society

Directions: Identify and determine which form of society is referred to by the
following statements. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

A - Rural Society
B - Urban Society

1 It is a highly industrialized society such as General

Santos City and Tagum City.
2
There is a frequent occupational mobility in this society.
3
This society refers to barrios or sitios like Biao Joaquin in Calinan.
4
There is no division of labor in this society.
5
This society refers to towns and cities like Digos City and Panabo
City.
6
There is a little scope for occupational mobility in this society.

7 There are divisions of labor and specialization on job

allotment in this society.

8 Agriculture is the fundamental occupation of the people in this

society such as fruits and vegetable production and farming in
Barangay Eden.
9
Life in this society is not simple but very complex and
complicated.
10
There are few chances of employment and incentives in this
society.

11 It is not an industrialized society such as Tamugan,Catigan,

Sibulan, Tamayong, Baracayo, and Mandug.

12 Industrialized types of work are the fundamental occupation of

the people in this society such as structural engineering and
factory works.
13
This society has a low population density such as population in

26
 Buda.

14 People in this society belong to different castes, creeds,

religions, and culture, and they do not enjoy the same
social status.
15
This society has a high population density such as Davao City.

27
 Let Us Remember

Activity 5 Human person in society

Directions: Answer the questions by integrating your learning from the topics and
lessons presented in this module. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1 How will you describe

. society?
2 How do individuals form
. societies?
3 How societies transform
. individuals?
4 How does society influence
. Filipinos?
5 How does society transform human
. relations?

SCORING RUBRIC

CRITERIA RATING
Content and ideas are organized in a clear
1 2 3 4 5
and
logical manner
Content and ideas provide adequate
discussion that employs standard grammar 1 2 3 4 5
convention and proper
word choice
Total of 10 points each question

Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice. Read the statements or questions carefully. Select the letter
of the correct answer from the given choice and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following words does not represent an organized group

of people whose members interact freely and has a common
territory and culture?

a. Society c. Company
b. Community d. Individuality

2. Who is the father of sociology that termed sociology in 1838 which

refers to the scientific study of society?
28
a. Edmund Husserl c. Auguste Comte
b. Thomas Hobbes d. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

29
3. Who, among the philosophers and social theorists, did not tackle
the origin of human society?

a. Sigmund Freud c. Thomas Hobbes

b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau d. John Locke

4. Which of the statements is not a description of a social contract theory?

a. Justification and explanation of a relationship between the

individual and the larger society or government.
b. The underlying view of human nature includes that we are
rational beings and can understand why and how regulations
and principles in the society
make life better. Human reason is the key element in social contracts.
c. Demonstrate why members of a society would emotionally find at
their best interests to comply with the principles and regulations
of their society.
d. It refers to contracts between a nation and its citizens.

5. Which of the statements below does not show an influence in societies?

a. Society influences the interactions of its members through the

establishment of norms.
b. Society, through the establishment of norms, can influence knowledge and
ideas.
c. Society encourages us to create a systematic chaos in Philippine communities.
d. Society is the backdrop by which we adopt the prevailing culture,
values and ideas of the people and communities that surround us.

6. Which of the following statements is the best description of norms?

a. These are set of traits and values that society considers acceptable.
b. They regulate the despicable behavior of its members in a society.
c. These are rules or standards of behavior violated by members of a social group.
d. They are rules of conduct that should be ignored since these will cause justice.

7. Which among the classifications of society refers to any socially

defined position within a society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Group d. Social Role

8. Which among the classifications of society refers to the set of expected

behaviors based on the position a person occupies in society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Role

9. Which among the classifications of society is an organized or

patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups that
compose a society?
30
a. Social System c. Social Status
b. Social Group d. Social Role

31
10. Which among the classifications of society is referred to as a certain
group that performs vital functions in society?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Role

11. Which among the classifications of society is regarded as a collection

of people who interacts with each other and share a similar
characteristics?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Group d. Social Role

12. “The teacher provides knowledge and guidance to the students; inspires,
motivates, and educates learners; and encourages students to
participate in various lessons and in other school-related activities.”
What does this statement imply?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Role

13. Which of the following statements is not the essence of a primary group?

a. This group is usually large and is characterized by more impersonal

interaction, and relatively endures in a short span of time.
b. Members of this group care a lot about each other since they
have strong emotional ties.
c. This group includes family, circle of friends, team mates and co-workers.
d. This group is usually small and is characterized by extensive interactions.

14. “Our society has socially defined positions such as engineers,

businessmen, farmers, law enforcers, politicians, teachers, construction
workers and medical practitioners.” What does this statement imply?

a. Social System c. Social Status

b. Social Institution d. Social Group

15. Which of the following statements does not show social influence and
transformation in human relations?

a. Today’s modern society enables various people from diverse

backgrounds and societies to interact and establish close ties.
b. Emergence of industrial societies transformed human relations
through interactions among family members and employees in the
work environment.
c. Virtual societies have transformed human relations as improved
communication technologies make people from faraway places
interact closely with each other.
d. A society that upholds positive social values will influence its
members to uphold negative values. On the other hand, a society that
is defined by negative values will produce individuals who embody
32
positive values.

33
 Let Us Enhance

Activity 6 Philosophers’ thoughts on society

Directions: Identify and determine which idea is expressed by the following
philosophers. Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A - Aristotle
B - Edmund Husserl
C - Auguste Comte
D - Thomas Hobbes
E - John Locke
F - Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Social contract is uniting together to express a single

1 collective will where the state acts as a moral person
rather than just a collection
of individuals.
When a person is removed from being a moral person, he is
2
subject to
corruption which leads him to be deceived on greed and self-
interest.
People realize that their lives will be better if they cooperate
3
with others
and live under the protection of sovereign authority.
Social contract is giving up some freedom in exchange for
4 safety.
Political structure is required if there are peace and cooperation.
Every person has natural rights such as the right to life, liberty,
5
health
and property.
Achieving virtue and acquiring a sense of self-identity require
6
social interaction and working with others,
Science of sociology should be dynamic, a process by which
7
societies
change, and static, a process by which societies endure.
The role of the government is to be the servant of the citizens
8
and
protect peoples’ natural rights.
Intersubjectivity is the interchange of thoughts and feelings
9
between
two persons or subjects.
Society needs scientific knowledge based on facts and evidence
10
to
solve its problems not speculation and superstition.

34
 Let Us Reflect

Activity 7 My role in the society

Directions: Jot down five roles and five values on the following social institutions.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

What are the values or virtues

What are the roles that you
Social that you need to show while
want to perform in this social
Institutions performing your roles in this
institution?
social institution?

Example: As a teacher, I want to perform As a teacher, I need to discipline

the assigned tasks that are given myself so that I can perform my
to me by the company. Such as to tasks properly. Show respect to
render my work eight hours a day my supervisors, co- teachers,
in a week; be punctual in coming students and parents; show
to school and educate my dedication and commitment to my
students based on the assigned work. Be flexible at all times since
Workplace subjects. Do paper works that are there are situations that I need to
related to my teaching career like adjust for the welfare of the
compute grades of my students students and the school as well.
fairly. Conduct consultations Show honesty and integrity while
regarding students’ checking the outputs of my
performance students, showing patience in
and achievements; conducting the class and dealing
conduct parents’ conference; and with my students’ behavior, and
show respect to the showing punctuality in
administration, co-employees, submitting documents
students and reports.
and parents.

1. FAMILY

2. CHURCH

3. SCHOOL

4. BARANGAY

SCORING RUBRIC

CRITERIA RATING
Five roles are stated clearly and
accurately. Ideas are logical and 1 2 3 4 5
persuasive.
Grammar, punctuation, and spelling are followed.
Five values or virtues are stated clearly and
accurately. Ideas are logical and persuasive. 1 2 3 4 5
Grammar, punctuation, and spelling are followed.
35
Total of 10 Points every social institution

36
37
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