English text types

1. Letter
2.
3. Email
4. Blog
5. Travel Blog
6. Diary
7. Review
8. Interview
9. Set of instructions
10.Essay
11.Group discussion
12.Guideline
13.Report
14.Proposal
15.Speech
16.Advertisement
17.Editorial
18.Flyer, Leaflet, Newspaper
19.Formal written correspondence
20.Newspaper article
21.Pamphlet
22.Letter of application
23.Letter to the editor
24.
25.
26.
 27. How to write a letter
28. (Page 15)
29.
30. Personal letter
31. To people we know well
32.
33. Reasons to write a letter:
 To invite
 Thank someone,
 Express sympathy
 Congratulations
 Maintain a friendship
 Maintain personal relationship
34.
35. Letters will eventually be re-read and kept
36.
37.
38. Use words which express exact your thoughts and feelings You don’t
want that the reader misunderstands the meaning
39.
40. Language must be chosen carefully be selective and proofread
extremely carefully
41.
42. Personal letter my require you undertake several things within one letter:
 Narrate and Event
 Describe a persona or object
 Describe your feelings or reactions
 Explain your thoughts and ideas
 Give advice or instructions
 Explain a situation you find yourself in-
43.
44.
45.
46. Adopt informal, personal tone and register suitable to subject and
audience
47. Use moderate amounts of slang, abbreviation, colloquial expressions
48.
49.
50.Structure:
51.
1. Address and date
2. Informal salutation and ending  (dear…)
3. Main body (your issue why you write)
4. Informal salutation(love, best wishes, cheers) your signature

52.
53.
 54. How to write an E-mail (personal)
55. (Page 28)
56.
57.Basic rules:
58.
 When I send my e-mail to people that I know/I don’t know (everyone), I put their
addresses in the TO: field (in Italian A)
 Put your object in the OBJECT field.  should be the reason why you write
 If I am sending an e-mail and I send it also to another person, I put their addresses in
the Cc: field (the person knows that I’m sending the email also to another person).
 While if I don’t want that the first person knows that I am sending the email to
another, I put the address in the Bcc: field.
 I have to think very well when I am sending an e-mail, because I cannot take it back.
 Don’t send angry messages
 Use properly Upper and Lowercase letters.
 Use of emoji sparingly
59.
60.
61.
 62. How to write a Blog (personal)
63. (Page 51)
64.
65. Personal texts:
66. Creating a message for (be may) family or a close public with common
interests; also directed by oneself.
67. Everyday interests or affective needs.
68. Ex. of personal texts functions:
69. Describing, narrating, entertaining, persuading …
70.
71. Professional texts:
72. No relation between producer and public.
73. A public intended in the contexts of the texts.
74. Cognitive needs of individuals, transfer of knowledge.
75. Logical presentation of information.
76. A clear/factual language
77. Ex. Of professional texts functions:
78. Informing, explaining, convincing, evaluating …
79.
80. Mass Media texts:
81. Created for a distribution to a large audience
82. This text can interest the public, but there is also the possibility that a
part of public ignore it, so the text must be persuasive and convincing.
83. The producer needs to project authority, desirability or exclusivity to
appropriate to reach target audience.
84. A blog, depending on its purpose and audience, falls under one of these
categories.
85.
86.
87. Structure:
1. Title
2. Date
3. Introduction
4. Content/Body
5. Conclusion
88.
89. 2 kind of blog: narrative-driven blog and thesis-driven blog.
90.
91. Narrative-driven blog:
92. More personal, on what I have experiences, like sports events or
excursions.
93.
94. Thesis-driven blog:
95. If I have a personal point of view on something and I wish to show it to
a public, blog can be an essay.
96. Paragraph and a final thought or conclusion.
97.
98. These two kinds of blogs must have REFLECTIONs.
99. I write a blog because I want to communicate something with other
people.
100.
101.
102.
103.Writing to an audience:
104.My audience normally have my same interests/ideas.
105.A directly contact to them to share our ideas.
106.More formal language than in a diary.
107.Your voice should be dominant
108.
109.Tone and Style:
110.
111.Narrative-driven blog:
112.Past tenses.
113.Join sentences with time connectives
114.Descriptive details of events.
115.Thoughts and reflection.
116.Imaginative language/connective language.
117.Reported speeches
118.
119.Thesis-driven blog:
120.Subjective and contains more descriptive details.
121. More personal, my reflections and describe my actions in an
informal manner.
122.
 123. How to write a Travel Blog
124.(Page 67)
125.
126.A mixture of narrative and opinion article.
127.The travelogue completes this travel blog with personal opinions,
feelings and pictures.
128.
129.Structure:
130.
1. Title
2. Date
3. Introductionlocation and his history/culture
4. Content/body  description of location/ give advices
5. Thoughts/conclusion
131.
132.Conceptual Understanding:
133.
 Be personal
 Interact with the readers
 Travel Blog is about MY experiences, not what I did in the place, but my personal
experiences/feelings in the place
 Say what made the place different, how similar/different to my culture, traditional
practices in the place/history
 Use both “I” and “YOU”
 My writing both descriptive and emotive
 Write to entertain and also to persuade
 Be interesting but also honest  choose content wisely
 Be aware of your audience and context
134.
135.
136.
 137. How to write a Diary
138.(Page 81)
139.
140.Diary entry:
141.Personal account  describes what I did, saw and felt on a particular
occasion.
142.A Diary could be the description of the day, but a good one must have
my feelings, thoughts, comments about the events of the day.
143.
144.Writing to an audience:
145.Private texts. I write to my Diary as “you” (technique called Direct
Address).
146.Diary the place in which I write down my thoughts and feelings in
secret and in confidence.
147.Written to self  private not public
148.
149.Structure:
1. Date.
2. Greetings
3. Content
4. conclusion
150..
151.2-I can initiate with a phrase to focus the reader on the events that I
want to speak about. I can use exclamation or opinion, also a rhetorical
question.
152.“What a day this has been!!” (exclamation) “I have never felt so
insulted” (opinion) “How could I have imagined they could be so
cruel?” (Rhetoric question)
153.3-Diary writing is spontaneous  language and ideas fresh.  may
also be chronological
154.Diary could be simply an account of a day’s events or a way to examine
my live.
155.Good Diary  emphasize my reflections and comments about events.
Thus, a simple structure without a really chronological structure
156.Also paragraphing the text having in every paragraph a focus with
focused thoughts.
157.4-I can finish with a final thought.
158.
159.Style:
160.Diaries are written from a first-person perspective, events recently
happened. But I have to write the Diary reflecting the personality and
mood of the diary writer.
161.If I told about events successes like “yesterday”, I can use simple past (I
saw, I spoke … )
162.I can also speak about “today” events, in this case it’s better telling in
present perfect (today has been wonderful. I’ve finally discovered the
true nature of the universe).
163. Not use too much slang.
164.Generally narrative- also reflective
165.
166.
167.
 168. How to write a Review
169.(Page 103)
170.
171.Structure:
1. Introduction: title of book/movie/whatever, release year, author, genre,
characteristics
2. Main Body: personal opinions, short resume (no spoiler)
3. Conclusion: personal activities
172.
173.
174.In a review we have to touch some point:
I. Explain basic storyline and introduce main characters. Include basic info about the
movie/book/whatever
II. Include at least 2/3/4 reasons for reading/watching the movie/book
III. Include 2/3/4 reasons for not watching/reading it.
IV. Conclusion: give a clear recommendation on the book/movie  negative or positive
with reasons.
175.
176.
177.Think about your audience familiar or not?  formal or informal
writing required
178.
179.
180.
 181. How to write an interview
182.(Page 118)
183.
184.Interview  mass media text type. It is a form of magazine article that
allows the interviewer to conduct and to publish a person-to-person
discussion.
185.
1. Structure  question-and-answer structure. It may be preceded by a short
introduction (explain who is the interviewee and where is this meeting).
186.
2. Introduction  you can introduce the interview in 2 ways: or in a phrase in which
explains why there is this meeting, or the same, but introducing directly it with a
question.
187.
3. The main body  carefully structured  before the interview, decide the order of the
various questions. Better starting the interview with some general questions and move
on to more specific and personal ones.
188.
4. Conclusion or “wrap-up”  the last question, could be about future plans of the
interviewee, like: “So what do you see as the next stage?”
189.
5. Format  the interview will appear in a specific way:
 Title
 Little introduction about the interviewee
 A paragraph  why, where and when the interview took place
 Question-and-answer format
 Speakers are introduced by names or initials (bold followed by a colon)
 The journalist’s questions are often printed in bold
190.
 191. How to write a set of instruction
192.(Page 147)
193.
194.What is it? set of procedures
 Recipe
 Guideline
 IKEA  assembling a product from a kit
195.
196.Use modal verbs phrases to keep politeness (could, might…) write
orders in a polite way
197. NO conditional instructions
198.NO relatives
199.NO IF clauses
200. should be CLEAR- DIRECT- SIMPLE
201.
202.Structure
203.Set of instruction should be useful for the readers
204.The audience is often nervous, angry, depressed, fade out when turning
to a set of instruction
205.Write as to a kindergarten kid
206.
207.Remember:
 Explain each step of the operation
 Limit the amount of information in each step
 Use bullet points or numbers
208.
209.Features (Chronological way):
1. Title: explain clear and precise what it is about and grab the attention
2. Introduction: topic to discuss, basic information (background, context…)
3. Main body: explanation of the steps, to realize the goal  (step by step)
4. Conclusion: ideas what the readers could do now with it.
210.
211.
212.Be precise, clear and short
213.First things first
214.Write one step after the other
215.Be precise and attentive.
216.
217.When writing  Be the expert, show expertise, impersonal and polite
218.
219.Address the audience directly but politely
220. NOT fall into bossiness!!!
221.
222.Choose your verbs properly!
223.
224.
225.
 226. How to write an argumentative essay
227.(Page 162)
228.
229. Steps to follow:
230.
1. Explain the topic (introduction, overview, summary)
2. Analyse
3. Give opinions (thesis)
4. Discuss (compare, contrast)
5. Proves
231.
232.
233.A piece of writing that analyses a topic and issue. It allows the writer to
defend an opinion and a matter. The opinion defended is called thesis
234.
235.
236. Must haves:
237.
1. The topic of the essay must be clear and well defined (be specific, not too broad)
2. The essay must answer a question that can be implicit (writing must always be related
to the question)
3. Argumentation: positive, negative, well balanced (taking clear position, not taking
clear position)
4. Essay must have a clear conclusion (arrive to a conclusion answering the question)
238.
239.
240. Formal essay:
241.
 Write a question (as title)
 Write in 3rd person (never use “I”)
 Conclusion must answer the question
 Audience is not known
 Use a very formal language, key words, be precise (audience knows about topic)
242.
243.
244. Personal essay:
245.
 Prompt a title (not a question)
 1st person point of view
 Conclusion gives final thoughts
 Less formal, detailed, less specific language
246.
247.
 248. How to write a group discussion
249.
250.
251.
252.Start with the Topic:
253. Topic (practical purpose) with a final result we have to realize
 Answer to a question
 Solve a problem or situation
 Create a plan
 Organize an event
 And so on…
254.
255.Number of participants:
 2-4 participants of the group discussion no discussion leader needed
 5 and more MC (Master of ceremonies) is elected, so that everybody can express their
ideas/opinions
256.
257.
258. Demonstrate COMMUNICATION SKILLS
259. Speak and listen
260. negotiate/ find compromises  leave something to get something
261.
262.Discussion organization (3 steps)
263.
1. Opening of the discussion
 Clarify your doubts
 Let everybody express their point of view
264.
2. Putting forward ideas
 Make suggestions
 Propose solutions
 Evaluate pros/cons for each idea
265.
3. Agreement/ solutions
 Make choices
 Decide what to do
 Decide how to do it
266.
267.
 268. How to write a guideline
269.(Page 186)
270.
 Headings include clear and short info of the topic
271.
 Stages organized as a “set of instruction”  numbered
272.
 Subheadings breaking down features and categories
273.
 Subinstruction  more detailed (as the stages) must be easy to follow
274.
 Bullet points  list of specific materials / tools
275.
276. Optional:
277.
 Diagram/ Graphics  to help the reader to understand better (giving visual aid)
278.
279.
280.-Guidelines can be written in any style  depending on context and
writer-audience relationship
281.
282.
283.
 284. How to write a Report
285.(Page 198-199)
286.
287.Reporta written text to resume facts and findings
 Pushes the reader to further research
 Must be very objective
288.
289. Evaluative Report
290.  Objective representation of facts
291.  facts in terms of graphs, charts, percentages and
demonstrations
292.
293. reader has to take its own conclusion
294. Comparison marketing research “Which one sells better
between two products?”
295.
296. Use tables such this to organize and plan your report:
297.
298. 299. Item A 300. Item B
301. Characteristic 1 302. 303.
304. Characteristic 2 305. 306.
307. Characteristic 3 308. 309.
310. Conclusion 314. Strengths of each suggestion
311. 315.
312. 316. Weaknesses of each suggestion
313.
317.
318.
319. Leading Report
320.Examines a problem or explains situation leads audience to specific
conclusion.
321.Support my goal through percentages, charts to drag the reader to my
thesis
322.
323.Consultancy reports best solutions for the problem scale which
helps us to evaluate
324.
325. Structure:
 Define the issue
 Present a series of factors or benefits
 State a conclusion
326.
327. Use tables such this to organize and plan your report:
328.
329. 330. Your ideas 331. Evidence, example or
explanations
332. Introduction: Topic and 333. 334.
issue
335. Argument 1 336. 337.
338. Argument 2 339. 340.
341. Argument 3 342. 343.
 344. Conclusion 346. 347.
345. Solutions,
recommendations, actions to be
taken
348.
349. How to write a Proposal
350.(Page 224)
351.
352.Any kind of text to pursue someone to do something professional
353.
354.PERSUADE!
355.
356.Explain: plans, why, how explain details of the project
357.Be aware of context and audience you are writing to clearly stated at
the beginning.
358.
359.Use- examples, facts, data, details to sustain your proposal
360.
361.RULES
362. Break down your Proposal into subtitles
363.
1. Subtitles / paragraph  address something in particular
2. Introduction  final aim, purpose, problems you can solve
3. Body explain: objectives, methods, budgetdetails of project
4. Conclusion emphasize and give the final kick benefits
364.
365.Register and tone: must be clear and positive, do not use modal verbs
only affirmations!
366.Proposal needs evidences.
367.Be polite and gentle in a sure way, use informal language.
368.Avoid feelings and emotions related to yourself.
369.
 370. How to write a Speech
371.(Page 238)
372.
373.Addressed to public audience  private speech (you know the
audience)
374.  public speech (you don’t know the audience)
375.
376. Mass Media Speech
377.
378.Addressing to a listening audience Speech is delivered orally
379.Harder to grab listeners then readers
380.
381.Purpose of text  give impact, hold the attention, convince
382.Show firmness, conviction, strong belief
 Who are you speaking to?
 Define ideas mostly addressing the audience showing ideas from
different angles
 Clarify your purpose haven’t to be directly
383.
384. Persuade, inform, entertain…
385. Make sure you connect with the audience use pronouns- address directly
386.
387. Do not interact with the audience interaction speeches are conferences
388.
389. Cardinal Rules to write a speech:
390.
1. Introduction:
391. (must be clear)
 Greetings to the audience
 Grabbing the attention why are you talking to them?
 Presenting the topic  1 sentence summary, and your point of view  you need to be
sure that topic has been understood.
 Presenting yourself if not famous and known
 Outline key points explain briefly why audience should listen to you benefits of
listening to you
392.
393.
1. Main Body:
394.(Reasoned argument)
395. order your thought to a structure
396.
 Explain details
 Give supporting ideas/facts
 Give evidence
397.
2. Conclusion:
 Re-statement of the introduction
 Final sentence which calls for action
398.
399.Attention:
a. Always maintain full complete attention of the audience
b. Use rhetoric appropriate to the audience
c. Use good syntax for oral (not complicated)
400. written it is feasible 15 lines of a sentence
401.  orally you have to give breaks to let the topic sink
in the audience to have a better understanding
402.
 403. How to write an advertisement
404.(Page 306)
405.Advertising aims to grab interest of prospective customers and
persuade them to purchase.
406.Grab attention of potential costumers
407.
408.Print advert  use linguistic and visual text
409.
410.Advertising copy is the written or spoken part of an advert
411.Needs to persuade to take an interest within few seconds
412.
413.Magazine ads promote ideas, suggest ideal worlds, reinforce public
opinions, entertain
414.Adverts reflect the culture and values of the society we live in.
415.
416.who is your audience?
417.Ideal reader who buys
418.
419.
420.Write an eye-catching title
421.
422.
423.Techniques to use:
 Use clear and simple sentences
 Use lots of 1/2 syllable words
 Use short paragraphs
 Use bullet points/lists
 Address your ideal costumer directly
 Personalize message using “you” – “your”
 Use command forms writing more directly “call now”
 Use simple comparisons to help your readers to understand complex ideas
424.
425.
426.Consider the context you are writing in
427.
 428. How to write an Editorial
429.(Page 265)
430.
431.
432.Editorial  mass media text
433.Express the view of senior leadership of a newspaper
434.Editorials  unsigned and voice of news organization
435.Editorials can be:
 Opinion
 Collective point of view on some topical subjects
436. Explore a wide range of newsworthy issues, events and ideas
437.
438.Editorials can:
 Inform
 Entertain
 Persuade
439.Editorials stimulate public debate & readers invited to write a letter
to editor to comment on topic may be printed on the newspaper.
440.
441.
442. Structure
443.Headline: grabs attention and persuades to read the piece. IF headline is
boring nobody is going to read the editorial
444.
445.Introductory paragraph: capture attention of reader, make them want to
read further.
446.May also explain content, background of topic discussed.
447.Main thesis/idea writer wants to explore
448.
449.Main body and supporting paragraphs: expand the main topic of
article into subtopics
450.These should be link with your angle and prove your point of view
451.
 “One sided” approach: each section of the feature emphasizes single point to support
your angle (similar to thesis driven text)
 “Balanced” approach: there are two sides to the issue. Give both sides of the argument
with supporting evidence.
452.Conclusion: tie everything together and sum up the editorial.
453.Should leave a lasting impression by:
 Reminding of your main idea return to initial question
 Suggesting an action, or make a recommendation
 Explain that person’s future plan (when writing about a person)
454.
455.You can save an unexpected piece of information until the last
paragraph.
456.
457.Tone and style
458.Consider the relationship between you as writer and expert opinion, and
your readership.
459.Use appropriate vocabulary and register
460.
461.
 462.
463. How to write a Flyer, leaflet, pamphlet
& newsletter
464.(Page 320)
465.
466.Flyer (or handbill) single page thing (B5)
467.Produced to market a product or event to relatively small audience
468.Offers limited amount of information.
469.Wider concept of the product.
470. Flyers are
 hung in public
 handed out
 sent out as email attachment.
471.It should grab the attention immediately in that exact moment
472.Shop info sale momentsspecial offers
473.Also used as:
 Announcements of events
 Product information for shops and businesses, special offers, sale moments,
service offered by small business
 Factsheets handed out at meetings and conferences
474.
475.Addressing the audience directly and personally
476.
477. Leaflet (Brochure)
478.Is an evolved flyerusually folded in 3
479.Designed with colour printing & better-quality paper to grab the
attention
480.Better thought before, there was a reflection before
481.More structured and thoughtful developed
482.Deliver convincing message
483.Purpose promote a service
484. Persuade to
 Service or organization
 Market sells a product
 Educate, inform, entertain, persuade
 Support a causespread message  gain follower
485.Inserted in local newspaper- posted in letter box
486.
487. Pamphlets
488.Structured like a book with varying pages
489.Give much details as needed but not getting confusing
490. used for everything
491.Also, to raise awareness – also on material things not only on ethics
themes
492.
493.
494. Newsletter
495.Publication
 496.Spread by any kind of community to inform what is going on lately
in the community
497.Keep contact with members
498.Workers, relevant info- future costumers, grab attention flyer like
promotion
499.CONTACT US!
500.
501.They are all Mass media documents.
502.  mass audience
503.  known and/or unknown
504.
505.Think about the audience
506.
507.Language: easy, comprehensive, direct, informative but relative,
informal  adultish
508.
509.
510.
511. TO PERSUADE
512.
 513. How to write a Formal Written Correspondence
514. (Page 348)
515.
516.Anything in form of a letter  email or real letter
517.
518.Formal
519.Related to job or audience you have to take distance to it
520.
 Asking or responding to something but with distance
 Answer to a customer
 Application
521.
522.
523.Always written to a single precise person
524.Or company  complaining to whom it may concern
525.“Dear customer service representative” to forward it to the right person
526.
527.
528.Not so common to write real letters on nowadays
529.But when writing a real paper letter remember the important things for
writing a letter
530.When writing email remember the structure for email writing
531.
532.
533.Reasons to write it
534.Application for job or internship to a company human resources officer
535.An enquiry to an academic office about a course of study /facilities
available at the specific college
536.A letter of complaint to a customer relations officer or a local
government official
537.A letter of apology
538.
 Write clear
 well organized
 Logical
 Easy to understand
 Formal language syntax and readable
539.
540.Opening sentence  clear what it is about (reason)
541.Body paragraph develop the reason, give reasons why you are the
best, highlight the characteristic and goal
542.
543.Closing  hope you can take my application in consideration, best
wishes, faithfully
544.(Contact me if you have question)
545.
546.
547.Style:
548.
549.Dos
 Correct punctuation
 Paragraphing  divide the text in paragraphs
 Formal vocabulary and phrasing
550.
551.
552.Donts
 Contractions (innit, isn’t, aren’t)
 No emoticons, smiley, emoji
 Idiomatic languages
 SMS words (pk, u)
 Deliberate misspelling/slang (gonna, wanna, gotcha)
 Swear words
553.
554.
555.Need a lot of planning, think about what you want to write make a
mind map, and structure it
556.
557.Polite and formal at all times
558.Free of grammatical & spelling mistakes
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565. Interesse e un po’ chi sei
566.
 567. How to write a Newspaper article
568. (Page 391)
569.
570.Newspaper article ≠ news report
571.
572.Newspaper tries to investigate (give information):
 Issues
 Ideas
 Beliefs
 Opinions
 Experiences
573.
574.Investigates sources/ involves public/ inform public/ entertain/ persuade
575.
576.CONTEXT: is the magazine you are writing for (the type)
577.Context gives AUDIENCE
578.
579.Newspaper article gives more background information and analyses of
sources as the news report.
580.
581.Personal opinion , analysis, profiles
582.Relate everything to personal experience.
583.Other situation linked to the topic locally-globally.
584.
585.
586.STRUCTURE
587.
I. Title (eye-catching)
588.
II. By-line (author + date, place)
589.
III. Opening-paragraph (overview of the topic you are talking in the article)
590.
IV. Content -paragraphs- (all data /information logically ordered)
591.
V. Conclusion  puts together all the information you have talked about. Or plus info
592.
593.
594.
595.Introduction  can have provocative thesis question
596.Shocking statistics
597.
 598. How to write a Pamphlet
599.(Page 421)
600.Very long advertisement (Libricino di almeno due fogli)
601.
602.Mass media text – advertise -communication
603.persuasion to convince and take the action
 To buy
 Sign a petition
 Whatever told in the text
604.
605.
606.Purpose
607.To convince
608. Give instructions
609.Informing
610.Persuading
 Always involving the audience
611.
612.Audience
613.Position (in the society)
614.Relationship (you and the audience)
615.Age (younger? older?)
616.
617. what type?
618.
619.Context
620.Situation (for writing this pamphlet, general? Specific reason? Release
of new product?)
621.Place (the pamphlet will be distribuited)
622.Time (when release? Before product is released?)
623.
624.
625. Structure
626.  impersonal  no “I” but “you”
627.
628.Title  eye-catching
629.Subheadingsstate the message
630. Memorable phrases  with the name of the company
631. Focused on the purpose
632. Further information
633. Further purposes
634.Body
635.short paragraphs with headings
636. Straight to the point
637.Underline the benefits
638.Most important info in first paragraphs
639.
640.Closure  se vuoi piu info
641. Include contact details
642.Nop date needed
643.
 644. How to write a Letter of Application
645. (Page 363)
646.Format / Layout as in a formal letter.
647.
648.College interest letter
1. Step 1:
 Laying the groundwork
649. Research the college or educational program thoroughly
650. Address with the exact name of Uni/college/ head of …
(If known, if not address with the title)
651.
652.  Read all the application directions thoroughly
653. Demonstrate that you have understood all the
instructions, and documents to prepare.  completed
application form, personal essay  Grab Attention!!!
654.
655.  Examine your own accomplishments
656. All relevant,  what you already achieved.
657.
658.  Define your goals
659. Your goals while you are in the program
660. Future goals for career
661. You have to have clear ideas.
662.
2. Step 2:
 Organizing your ideas
663.  Write your thesis statement
664. Central focus is you
665. Reasons for applying
666. Future goals
667.
668.  Outline your academic journey so far
669. Why applying to this exact program?
670.
3. Step 3: (Structure)
 Organizing your writing (everything should be clear)
671.  Plan your introduction
672. Introduce the program and your goals
673. Who am I?
674. Interest in program
675. But no life story!
676.
677. Devote a paragraph to each main idea
678. One paragraph for:
679. Describe Your personal qualification
680. Plan for study
681. Future goals- program related
682. Discuss areas of interest
683.
684.  Provide evidence for each main idea
685.  Develop the conclusion
 686. Let them understand who You are and what you hope to
accomplish highly motivated
687.
688.
4. Step 4:
689. PROOFREAD!!!!
690. Read it aloud at least 4x  for awkward phrases
691.
692.
693.
 694. How to write a Letter to the Editor
695.(Page 278)
696.When feeling strongly about an issue in a newspaper & want to let
public know what you think write a letter to editor effective way to
communicate your ideas to wider public.
697.
698.You may wish to take a position for /against an issue or suggest new
way of thinking
699.
700.Make a clear impression, have the reader take note of your ideas
701.You need to be able:
 To express opinion
 Defend an argument
 Increase awareness of an issue
702.Convince reader using emotion and /or reason
703.
704.Letters to editor are short and tight, not longer than 450
705.Communicate your ideas clearly and well organized
706.
707. Structure
708.Salutation: addresses title above the salutation line
709. The editor
710. The daily newspaper
711.
712. Dear editor,
713.Opening paragraph: identify what about you will write/discuss
714.state your opinion on the matter
715.
716.Middle paragraph: support your opinion with supporting points
717.Explain what will happen if the problem doesn’t get solved
718.
719.Closing paragraph: Make a closing remark (clincher) summarize your
point of view
720.Explain why your approach/solution is relevant.
721.
722.End with “Yours faithfully”
723.
724.Put the date after your signature OR before everything
725.
726. Style and language
 Grammatical accuracy
 Correct spelling
 Unemotional – factual
 A polite tone
 Correct punctuation
 Paragraphing
 Formal vocabulary and phrasing
727.