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IT - Module 5

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IT - Module 5

Uploaded by

pamela.luna041605
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT Application Tools in Business

Module 5: operating system

Overview
● What is an operating system?
● Important Functions of an OS
● Applications of the OS
● Programming Languages
● Methods of Data Processing
● Software Development Life Cycle

Operating System
- An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages
computer hardware resources and provides common services for
computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the
system software in a computer system.
- An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user
and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which
performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory
management, process management, handling input and output, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

Important Functions of an OS

● Memory Management
● Processor Management
● Device Management
● File Management
● Security
● Control over system performance
● Job accounting
● Error detecting aids
● Coordination between other software and users

Applications of the OS

Security
- By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents
unauthorized access to programs and data.

Control over system performance


- Recording delays between request for a service and response from
the system.
IT Application Tools in Business
Module 5: operating system

Job accounting
- Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.

Error detecting aids


- Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging
and error detecting aids.

Coordination between other software and users


- Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers
and other software to the various users of the computer systems.

Programming Languages
- The computer system is simply a machine and hence it cannot
perform any work; therefore, in order to make it functional different
languages are developed, which are known as programming
languages or simply computer languages.
- Over the last two decades, dozens of computer languages have been
developed. Each of these languages comes with its own set of
vocabulary and rules, better known as syntax. Furthermore, while
writing the computer language, syntax has to be followed literally, as
even a small mistake will result in an error and not generate the
required output.

Major categories of Programming Languages:

● Machine Language
● Assembly Language
● High Level Language
● System Language
● Scripting Language

Machine Language or Code


- This is the language that is written for the computer hardware. Such
language is affected directly by the central processing unit (CPU) of a
computer system.

Assembly Language
- It is a language of an encoding of machine code that makes simpler
and readable.
IT Application Tools in Business
Module 5: operating system

The High Level Language


- is simple and easy to understand and it is similar to English language.
For example, COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, C, C+, Python, etc.

Data Processing
- Collection, manipulation, and processing collected data for the
required use is known as data processing. It is a technique normally
performed by a computer; the process includes retrieving,
transforming, or classification of information.
- However, the processing of data largely depends on the following:
● The volume of data that need to be processed
● The complexity of data processing operations
● Capacity and inbuilt technology of respective computer
system
● Technical skills
● Time constraints

Different methods of data processing.


● Single user programming
● Multiple programming
● Real-time processing
● Online processing
● Time sharing processing
● Distributed processing

Single User Programming


- It is usually done by a single person for his personal use. This
technique is suitable even for small offices.

Multiple Programming
- This technique provides facility to store and execute more than one
program in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) simultaneously.
Further, the multiple programming technique increases the overall
working efficiency of the respective computer.

Real-time Processing
- This technique facilitates the user to have direct contact with the
computer system. This technique eases data processing. This
technique is also known as the direct mode or the interactive mode
technique and is developed exclusively to perform one task. It is a sort
of online processing, which always remains under execution.
IT Application Tools in Business
Module 5: operating system

Online Processing
- This technique facilitates the entry and execution of data directly; so, it
does not store or accumulate first and then process. The technique is
developed in such a way that reduces the data entry errors, as it
validates data at various points and also ensures that only corrected
data is entered. This technique is widely used for online applications.

Time-sharing Processing
- This is another form of online data processing that facilitates several
users to share the resources of an online computer system. This
technique is adopted when results are needed swiftly. Moreover, as
the name suggests, this system is time based.
-
Distributed Processing
- This is a specialized data processing technique in which various
computers (which are located remotely) remain interconnected with a
single host computer making a network of computer.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)


- Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by the
software industry to design, develop and test high quality software.
The SDLC aims to produce a high-quality software that meets or
exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and
cost estimates.

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