qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty

uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasd
fghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx
cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq
Training of Software

wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui
Modi Institute of Technology
9/6/2021

opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg
Department of Mechanical Engineering

hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc
vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq
wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui
opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg
hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc
vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq
wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui
opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg
hjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn
mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwert
yuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
 Modi Institute of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Objectives:

1. Learn to sketch and take field dimensions.

2. Learn to take data and transform it into graphic drawings.

3. Learn basic engineering drawing formats.

4. Learn the basic commands and tools necessary for professional 2D drawing, design and drafting using
AutoCAD.

Day-1

➢ Introduction to Engineering Drawing: Principles of Engineering Drawing/Graphics – Various

Drawing Instruments – Conventions in Drawing- Dimensioning-Planes.

Day-2

➢ Orthographic Projection and Isometric Projections: - Principles of Orthographic Projections –

Conventions – First and Third Angle projections (Introduction). Principles of Isometric Projection
– Isometric Scale – IsometricViews– Conventions – Plane Figures, Simple and Compound Solids.
Day-3
➢ AutoCAD: Introduction
Day-4
➢ Commands and Operation in AutoCAD.
Day-5
➢ Drawing Work on AutoCAD
Day-6
➢ Practice on drawing

Day-7

➢ Practice on drawing

Day-8

➢ Project and Feedback

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

 Day-1
Introduction to Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing is a two dimensional representation of three dimensional objects. In general, it
provides necessary information about the shape, size, surface quality, material, manufacturing
process, etc., of the object. It is the graphic language from which a trained person can visualize
objects.

Drawing Instruments and aids:

The Instruments and other aids used in drafting work are listed below:
• Drawing board
• Set squares
• French curves
• Templates
• Mini drafter
• Instrument box
• Protractor
• Set of scales
• Drawing sheets
• Pencils

Drawing Board:

Until recently drawing boards used are made of well seasoned softwood of about 25 mm thick with a
working edge for T-square. Nowadays mini-drafters are used instead of T-squares which can be
fixed on any board. The standard size of board depends on the size of drawing sheet size required.

Mini-Drafter:

Mini-drafter consists of an angle formed by two arms with scales marked and rigidly hinged to each other
.It combines the functions of T-square, set-squares, scales and protractor. It is used for drawing horizontal,
vertical and inclined lines, parallel and perpendicular lines and for measuring lines and angles.

Instrument Box

Instrument box contains 1. Compasses, 2. Dividers and 3. Inking pens.

What is important is the position of the pencil lead with respect to the tip of the compass. It should
be at least 1 mm above as shown in the fig. because the tip goes into the board for grip by 1 mm.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Pencils: Pencils with leads of different degrees of hardness or grades are available in the market. The
hardness or softness of the lead is indicated by 3H, 2H, H, HB, B, 2B, 3B, etc. The grade HB denotes
medium hardness of lead used for general purpose. The hardness increases as the value of the numeral
before the letter H increases. The lead becomes softer, as the value of the numeral before B increases.
• HB Soft grade for Border lines, lettering and free sketching
• H Medium grade for Visible outlines, visible edges and boundary lines
• 2H Hard grade for construction lines, Dimension lines, Leader lines, Extension lines, Centre
lines, Hatching lines and Hidden lines.

Drawing Sheet:

The standard drawing sheet sizes are arrived at on the basic Principal of x: y = 1: 2^ (1/2) and xy = 1 where x
and y are the sides of the sheet. For example AO, having a surface area of 1 Sq.m; x = 841 mm and y = 1189
mm. The successive sizes are obtained by either by halving along the length or doubling the width, the area
being in the ratio 1: 2. Designation of sizes is given in the fig. For class work use of A2 size drawing sheet is
preferred.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Title Block:

The title block should lie within the drawing space at the bottom right hand comer of
the sheet. The title block can have a maximum length of 170 mm and width of 65mm
providing the following information.

• Title of the drawing.

• Drawing number.
• Scale.
• Symbol denoting the method of projection.
• Name of the firm, and
• Initials of staff, who have designed, checked and approved.

Lines:

Just as in English textbook the correct words are used for making correct sentences; in
Engineering Graphics, the details of various objects are drawn by different types of
lines. Each line has a definite meaning and sense to convey.

• Visible Outlines, Visible Edges: (Continuous wide lines) the lines drawn to
represent the visible outlines/ visible edges / surface boundary lines of
objects should be outstanding in appearance.
• Dimension Lines (Continuous narrow Lines): Dimension Lines are drawn to
mark dimension.
• Extension Lines (Continuous narrow Lines): There are extended slightly
beyond the respective dimension lines.
• Construction Lines (Continuous narrow Lines): These are drawn for
constructing drawings and should not be erased after completion of the
drawing.
• Hatching / Section Lines (Continuous Narrow Lines): These are drawn for
the sectioned portion of an object. These are drawn inclined at an angle of
45° to the axis or to the main outline of the section.
• Guide Lines (Continuous Narrow Lines): These are drawn for lettering and
should not be erased after lettering.
• Break Lines (Continuous Narrow Freehand Lines):Wavy continuous narrow
line drawn freehand is used to represent break of an object.
• Break Lines (Continuous Narrow Lines With Zigzags): Straight continuous
narrow line with zigzags is used to represent break of an object.
• Dashed Narrow Lines (Dashed Narrow Lines):Hidden edges / Hidden
outlines of objects are shown by dashed lines of short dashes of equal
lengths of about 3 mm, spaced at equal distances of about 1 mm. the points
of intersection of these lines with the outlines / another hidden line should
be clearly shown.
• Center Lines (Long-Dashed Dotted Narrow Lines): These are draWn at the
center of the drawings symmetrical about an axis or both the axes. These are
extended by a short distance beyond the outline of the drawing.
• Cutting Plane Lines: Cutting Plane Line is drawn to show the location of a
cutting plane. It is long-dashed dotted narrow line, made wide at the ends,
bends and change of direction. Thedirection of viewing is shown by means of
arrows resting on the cutting plane line.
• Border Lines: Border Lines are continuous wide lines of minimum thickness 0.7 mm.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF MATERIALS

Dimensioning: Drawing of a component, in addition to providing complete shape description, must

also furnish Information regarding the size description. These are provided through the distances
between the Surfaces, location of holes, nature of surface finish, type of material, etc. The
expression of these Features on a drawing, using lines, symbols, figures and notes is called
dimensioning.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Methods of Indicating Dimensions:

The dimensions are indicated on the drawings according to one of the following two methods.

Method - 1 (Aligned method):

Dimensions should be placed parallel to and above their dimension lines and
preferably at the middle, and clear of the line. Dimensions may be written so that
they can be read from the bottom or from the right side of the drawing. Dimensions on
oblique dimension lines should be oriented as shown in Fig.2.26a and except where
unavoidable, they shall not be placed in the 30° zone. Angular dimensions are
oriented.

Method - 2 (Uni-directional):

Dimensions should be indicated so that they can be read from the bottom of the drawing
only. Non-horizontal dimension lines are interrupted, preferably in the middle for insertion of
the dimension.
Note: Horizontal dimensional lines are not broken to place the dimension in both cases.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Projection plane: A projection plane, or plane of projection, is a type of view in which
graphical projections from an object intersect. Projection planes are used often in descriptive
geometry and graphical representation. A picture plane in perspective drawing is a type of
projection plane.

If the plane is kept in a vertical position, then it is called the vertical plane.

If the plane is kept in a horizontal position, then it is called the horizontal plane.

The plane, horizontal or vertical, which are kept perpendicular to each other are
called Principal Planes.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering