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Postgre SQL

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Tahirou Mahamadou Housseini
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12 views

Postgre SQL

Uploaded by

Tahirou Mahamadou Housseini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

PostgreSQL, or Postgres, is a relational database management system that provides an


implementation of the SQL querying language. It’s standards-compliant and has many advanced
features like reliable transactions and concurrency without read locks.
This guide demonstrates how to quickly get Postgres up and running on an Ubuntu 22.04 server,
from installing PostgreSQL to setting up a new user and database. If you’d prefer a more in-depth
tutorial on installing and managing a PostgreSQL database, see How To Install and Use PostgreSQL
on Ubuntu 22.04.

Prerequisites
To follow along with this tutorial, you will need one Ubuntu 22.04 server that has been configured
by following our Initial Server Setup for Ubuntu 22.04 guide. After completing this prerequisite
tutorial, your server should have a non-root user with sudo permissions and a basic firewall.

Step 1 — Installing PostgreSQL


To install PostgreSQL, first refresh your server’s local package index:
sudo apt update

Then, install the Postgres package along with a -contrib package that adds some additional
utilities and functionality:
sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib

Press Y when prompted to confirm installation. If you are prompted to restart any services,
press ENTER to accept the defaults and continue.

Step 2 — Using PostgreSQL Roles and Databases


By default, Postgres uses a concept called “roles” to handle authentication and authorization. These
are, in some ways, similar to regular Unix-style users and groups.
Upon installation, Postgres is set up to use ident authentication, meaning that it associates Postgres
roles with a matching Unix/Linux system account. If a role exists within Postgres, a Unix/Linux
username with the same name is able to sign in as that role.
The installation procedure created a user account called postgres that is associated with the default
Postgres role. There are a few ways to utilize this account to access Postgres. One way is to switch
over to the postgres account on your server by running the following command:
sudo -i -u postgres

Then you can access the Postgres prompt by running:


psql
This will log you into the PostgreSQL prompt, and from here you are free to interact with the
database management system right away.
To exit out of the PostgreSQL prompt, run the following:
\q

This will bring you back to the postgres Linux command prompt. To return to your regular system
user, run the exit command:
exit

Another way to connect to the Postgres prompt is to run the psql command as the postgres
account directly with sudo:
sudo -u postgres psql

This will log you directly into Postgres without the intermediary bash shell in between.

Again, you can exit the interactive Postgres session by running the following:
\q

Step 3 — Creating a New Role


If you are logged in as the postgres account, you can create a new role by running the following
command:
createuser --interactive

If, instead, you prefer to use sudo for each command without switching from your normal account,
run:
sudo -u postgres createuser --interactive

Either way, the script will prompt you with some choices and, based on your responses, execute the
correct Postgres commands to create a user to your specifications.
Output
Enter name of role to add: sammy
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) y

Step 4 — Creating a New Database


Another assumption that the Postgres authentication system makes by default is that for any role
used to log in, that role will have a database with the same name which it can access.
This means that if the user you created in the last section is called sammy, that role will attempt to
connect to a database which is also called “sammy” by default. You can create the appropriate
database with the createdb command.

If you are logged in as the postgres account, you would type something like the following:
createdb sammy

If, instead, you prefer to use sudo for each command without switching from your normal account,
you would run:
sudo -u postgres createdb sammy

Step 5 — Opening a Postgres Prompt with the New Role


To log in with ident based authentication, you’ll need a Linux user with the same name as your
Postgres role and database.
If you don’t have a matching Linux user available, you can create one with the adduser
command. You will have to do this from your non-root account with sudo privileges (meaning, not
logged in as the postgres user):
sudo adduser sammy

Once this new account is available, you can either switch over and connect to the database by
running the following:
sudo -i -u sammy
psql

Or, you can do this inline:


sudo -u sammy psql

This command will log you in automatically, assuming that all of the components have been
properly configured.
If you want your user to connect to a different database, you can do so by specifying the database
like the following:
psql -d postgres

Once logged in, you can get check your current connection information by running:
\conninfo

Output
You are connected to database "sammy" as user "sammy" via socket in
"/var/run/postgr

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