Scribd
Upload
64 views33 pages

Micros

Uploaded by

zyuhan198
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views33 pages

Micros

Uploaded by

zyuhan198
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

MICROSCOPY &

CELLS
WHAT I WILL LEARN
❏ Parts and functions of a microscope
❏ Total Magnification and Actual size of specimen
❏ Biological drawing magnification
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
PARTS & FUNCTION OF A CALCULATIONS
MICROSCOPE Total magnification &
Objective lens, Ocular lens Actual size of a specimen

03
BIOLOGICAL DRAWINGS
Learn to draw and label
PARTS & FUNCTION
01 OF A MICROSCOPE
PRACTICE:
IDENTIFY THE
PARTS OF A
MICROSCOPE
Knob
Knob
HOW THE MICROSCOPE WORKS

The surface of the lens in the compound microscope is convex (curved


outwards), the light is bent, and the rays converge on a focal point.
Beyond the focal point, the rays spread out again (magnifying the image)
and an inverted image is formed in front of your eyes.
LOOKING THROUGH A MICROSCOPE
1) The specimen is placed on the stage

2) Your eye will view it through 2 lens


● Eyepiece/Ocular lens (10X)
● Objective lens (3 different
magnifications: 4X, 10X, 40X)
CALCULATIONS 02
CONVERSIONS
1 cm = 10mm
1 cm = 10,000µm

If the drawing size is 10.5cm, how many


micrometres (µm) would that be?
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION =
MAGNIFICATION OF EYEPIECE LENS
X
MAGNIFICATION OF OBJECTIVE LENS
QUESTION:
EYEPIECE LENS: 10(X)
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION: 40(X)
WHAT IS THE MAGNIFICATION OF OBJECTIVE LENS?
THINK ABOUT IT...
So how do we find out the actual
size of the specimen?
Actual Size (mm/µm) = Image size (mm/ µm)
Magnification
PRACTICE:
The image you are looking at is 1.5 mm long and you have drawn the
image to a magnification of 100. Write down the calculation you
would use to work out the actual size of the object.
(Do not omit your workings and units)
OBSERVED SIZE
What you see through the lens

In one of the oculars on your microscope, is an ocular scale


(GRATICULE).
SPECIMEN MEASUREMENT
GRATICULE:
Scale printed onto
the eyepiece lens of
the microscope
SPECIMEN MEASUREMENT
2) If this cell is
Practice! viewed under a 40X
1) Count the objective lens, what
number of divisions is the actual size?
the cell has span
across.
SPECIMEN MEASUREMENT
**MEMORISE THIS TABLE!**
Note:
-Graticule divisions
-Eyepiece units
-Graticule interval
All mean the same
thing - divisions
Objective Total Graticule
Lens Magnification scale
interval
4X 40X 25𝝁m
10X 100X 10𝝁m
40X 400X 2.5𝝁m
Note: 1000µm = 1mm
PRACTICE:
**Actual size unit: always leave in µm
Actual size = no. of divisions on eyepiece
graticule x graticule scale interval
This image is viewed at 40x objective lens.
Width of plant cell is 24 eyepiece graticule
interval.

Actual size =
SUMMARY
**MEMORISE THESE 2!**

Actual size = no. of divisions on eyepiece graticule x graticule scale interval


= _________ (divisions) x _________ (either 25/10/2.5µm)

Magnification of drawing: Image size(Drawing size)


Actual size
03 BIOLOGICAL DRAWING
MAKING A BIOLOGICAL DRAWING
● Large drawing on blank white paper (>5cm)
● Use only pencil
● Name + date at top right
● Clean lines (no shading)
● Label lines to the right drawn with a ruler
● Labels horizontal on the right
● No arrowheads
● Underlined title below drawing
● Calculations go below drawing
● If you need to shade, you must stipple (e.g.
nucleus)
● Stipple are diagonal lines drawn
BIOLOGICAL DRAWING

Wrong: no clean lines, a lot of shading


Correct: neat, solid line
BIOLOGICAL DRAWING
Top: correct
✔ Clean lines
✔ Labelling lines do not cross
✔ No shading

Bottom: wrong
╳ Lines not clean
╳ Labelling lines cross
╳ Nucleus is shaded
CELLS UNDER A MICROSCOPE
HOW TO PREPARE A SPECIMEN
USING WET MOUNT (plant cell):
https://youtu.be/RfaSyfDBQzU
HOW TO PREPARE A SPECIMEN
USING WET MOUNT (animal cell):
https://youtu.be/i2x3MKSJez4
Cheek cells under a microscope
Leaf cells under a light microscope
Onion cells under a light microscope

Which cell structure is missing in the onion cell?


WHY?
RULES OF THE MICROSCOPE
1. Using one hand, hold the arm of the microscope. The other hand would support the
base.

2.Remove cover, write the microscope & lab number on the top right hand corner of your
worksheet.

3.Plug the microscope into the power source and switch on the switch on both the power
source and microscope. (REMEMBER: 2 switches on, 2 switches off)

4.Ensure that the objective lens is at its lowest magnification (RED:4x)

5.Turn eye piece around to face you/stage, arm facing back.

6.Place sample on stage and clip it to secure.


Magnification lens Coarse adjustment Fine focus knob
knob

4x √ √

10x √ √

40x X √

How to magnify sample

1. Look through eyepiece at low power, use coarse adjustment knob. Once sample is
located, use fine focus knob.
2. Without adjusting anything else, move the objective lens to medium power. Use the
coarse adjustment knob first, followed by fine focus knob.
3. Once the sample is found, to view at highest power (40x lens), ONLY use the FINE
FOCUS KNOB to focus image.
4. Once sample is located, draw observations.
KEEPING THE
MICROSCOPE 1) Turn to low power lens, remove slide.

2) Turn off both switches.

3) Turn eye piece back to arm.

4) Coil wire around.

5) Cover the microscope.

6) Return back to cabinets.

You might also like