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Error Handling and Debugging

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3K views

Error Handling and Debugging

Uploaded by

ssascw.bca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ERROR HANDLING AND DEBUGGING

Error Handling and Debugging in PHP


1. Error Types
In PHP, errors can be broadly categorized into
three types: Notices, Warnings, and Errors.
• Notices: These are non-critical errors that
suggest something might be wrong. They do
not stop the script from executing.
o Example: Accessing an undefined
variable.
o Example: $undefinedVar; // Notice:
Undefined variable
• Warnings: These are more serious errors that
might cause issues in the script, but they do
not halt the execution.
o Example: Including a file that does not
exist using include().
o Example: include('nonexistent.php'); //
Warning: include(nonexistent.php): failed
to open stream
• Errors: These are critical issues that stop the
script from executing. There are different
levels of errors, such as Fatal errors, Parse
errors, and Syntax errors.
o Example: Calling a non-existent function.
o Example: nonExistentFunction(); // Fatal
error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined
function
2. Error Handling
PHP provides several ways to handle errors
gracefully.
• Custom Error Handling: You can define your
own error-handling function using
set_error_handler(). This allows you to specify
how different types of errors should be
treated.
• Exception Handling using Try-Catch Blocks:
PHP also supports exception handling, which
allows you to handle errors using try, catch,
and finally blocks. This is particularly useful
for catching and managing exceptions that are
thrown by certain operations, such as
database queries.
3. Debugging
Debugging is essential for identifying and fixing
issues in your PHP code. PHP provides various
tools and techniques for effective debugging.
• Using Debugging Tools
o Xdebug: A popular PHP extension that
provides advanced debugging capabilities,
such as stack traces, variable inspection,
and breakpoints. It integrates with IDEs
like PHPStorm, VSCode, etc.
o PHP Error Logging: You can log errors to a
file for further analysis. This is useful in
production environments where
displaying errors on the screen might be
undesirable.

• Debugging Techniques
o var_dump(): Displays structured
information about a variable, including its
type and value.
o print_r(): Prints human-readable
information about a variable, mainly
arrays and objects.
o error_reporting(): Adjusts the level of
error reporting in your script. For
example, you can set it to report all errors
during development.

• PHP Error Logging: Instead of displaying


errors, you can log them to a file, which is
especially useful in a production environment.

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