2

Motion
MOTION motion of a rocket after its fuel is • The path of a ball fired from a cannon
• The change in position of an object exhausted, motion of a bomb dropped is parabolic.
over time is called from an airplane, motion of a ball • If a body is thrown by lifting it a little
thrown in a horizontal direction above the earth's surface instead of
Ans : Motion while standing on the roof, motion of exactly on the earth's surface, then to
• Actual length travelled by a body is a ball hit by a bat, etc. get maximum range on the earth, it
called Distance, Shortest distance • Examples of rotational motion are should be thrown at an angle smaller
from the initial to the final position earth rotating on its axis, dancing of than 45°. For example, in javelin throw
of a body is called a top, motion of blades of a fan, etc. and discus throw, players throw the
Ans : Displacement • If we drop a ball from the roof and at projectile at an angle smaller than 45°
• A person feels lighter in a lift falling the same time throw another ball in from the horizontal direction for
with uniform acceleration. a horizontal direction, then both the maximum range.
• The acceleration of an object moving balls will reach the earth at different • Whether the body is thrown at an
with uniform speed will be zero. places but simultaneously. angle or at an angle (90°), the
• The path of a shell fired from a horizontal range remains the same
• The point at which the satellite is
cannon will be parabolic but the path in both cases.
closest to the earth during its orbit
is called perigee. of missiles with long range will not • What remains constant for an object
be parabolic. moving at a constant speed in a
• The distance covered in a unit time
• According to which law, every planet horizontal circle? - Kinetic energy
in a given direction is called velocity.
revolves around the sun in an MECHANICS
• The value of escape velocity on earth
elliptical orbit and the sun is located • The study of particles or bodies when
is 11.2km/sec.
at a focal point of the planet's orbit? they are at rest or in motion is dealt
• For a 25 gram body, the escape - Kepler's first law. with Ans: Mechanics
velocity from the earth is 11.2 km/
• To get the maximum range of the body, • Mechanics is divided into two
sec.
the body should be launched at 45°.
• For a 40 gram body, the escape Ans: Statics & Dynamics
• While revolving around the sun, the
velocity from the earth is 11.2km/sec. • The study of objects of rest is called
velocity of the planet is maximum
• Without which force, the motion of when it is near the sun. Ans: Statics
an object or particle on a circular • The study of moving objects is called
• The period of revolution of the planet
path is not possible? Centripetal
located farther from the sun is - more Ans: Dynamics
force.
• The period of revolution of the planet KINETICS AND KINEMATICS
• Examples of centripetal force are
located near the sun is less.
earth revolving around the sun, • Kinetics and Kinematics are the
electron revolving around the • The rotation of the earth on its axis subdivisions of Ans : Dynamics
equator, cyclist bending while turning is what type of motion? - Rotational
• Kinetics deals with relationship
at the intersection, etc. motion.
between the motion of bodies and
• Examples of centrifugal force are • The laws of the motion of planets forces acting on them
cloth drying machine, butter were given by Kepler.
• Kinematics is the study of the
extracting machine, dry cleaner, well • The rate of change of velocity is relationship between displacements,
of death. called acceleration. velocity, acceleration and time of a
• Examples of projectile motion are the • The speed of ships is measured in given motion, without considering
motion of a shell fired from a cannon, knots. the forces that cause the motion

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 10 Railway General Science

 Parameters Formula Unit • The Law of inertia was discovered by • When a stationary bus starts moving,
Speed - Distance/Time - m/s Ans : Galileo the people standing in it fall
Velocity - Displacement/Time - m/s backwards. Which law explains this
• There are three types of inertia
situation – Newton’s first law of
Acceleration - Change - m/s2 Ans : Inertia of Rest, Inertia of Motion motion (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
in Velocity/Time2 and Inertia of Direction
• The definition of force can be
TYPES OF MOTION EXAMPLE • Example of Inertia of motion explained by Newton’s first law of
• Translator motion - Moving vehicles Ans : An athlete runs some distance motion (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
• Rectilinear motion - Motion of lift before taking a long jump • When an object produces uniform
• Curvilinear motion - Motion of rocket • Example of Inertia of rest circular velocity, it changes direction
• Circular motion - Spinning wheel Ans : As the train starts moving, a man (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
• Oscillatory motion- Movement of sitting inside leans backward • The rate of change of momentum of
swing • Example of Inertia of direction an object is proportional to the
unbalanced force applied in the
• Periodic motion - Rotation of earth Ans : Rotating wheel of an automobile
direction of the force. What is this
• Simple harmonic motion - Pendulum throw out mud tangentially outward
rule called- Newton’s second law of
• Circular Motion - Orbits of planets ROTATION AND REVOLUTION motion (RRB NTPC 15.02.2021
MOMENTUM • If a rotating body spins on its axis, (Shift-II))
• The product of mass and velocity of its motion is called • What is the equation of Newton’s
a body Ans : Momentum Ans : Spin motion or rotation motion second law of motion? F = ma = dp/
P = mv [m=Mass, v=velocity] eg: The earth spins on its own axis in 24 hrs dt (RRB NTPC 12.02.2021 (Shift-I))
• It’s a vector quantity • When an object travels around • The three laws of motion were
• Unit - kg m/s another object it is known as propounded by – Newton (RRB NTPC
08.01.2021 (Shift-II))
• A Karate player in order to break a Ans: Revolution
brick hits quickly because of • If we shake the branch of a tree
eg: The Earth revolving around the sun rapidly, some leaves get separated
Ans : Momentum
PROJECTILE MOTION from the tree. This is- Inertia (RRB
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION Group-D 2018)
• The motion of an object in a vertical
• Newton established the laws of plane under the influence of • The second law of motion is related
motion in his book gravitational force is known as to – Momentum (RRB Group-D 2018)
Ans : ‘Principia Mathematica’
Ans : Projectile motion • Newton’s second law of motion –
FIRST LAW OF MOTION helpful in understanding the effects
• Projectile path is known as
• Every body continues in its state of of force. (RRB Group-D 2018)
rest or uniform motion along a Ans : Trajectory
• Newton’s Law of Motion provides an
straight line unless compelled by an • A projectile reaches maximum range,
external unbalanced force explanation as to why a ball thrown
when angle of projection is at Ans : 45°
at a wall bounces back after hitting
• This law is based on Galileo’s law of • The path of the projectile is always a it - Third Law of Motion (RRB NTPC
inertia eg : Passenger in a bus
Ans : Parabola 2016)
SECOND LAW OF MOTION
DIMENSIONS OF MOTION • The rate of change of momentum of a
• Rate of change of momentum is system is proportional to______-the
directly proportional to the external TYPE OF MOTION CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLE applied force (RRB Group-D 2018)
unbalanced force
• One dimensional motion- Motion • Second law of motion shows – The
• It is used to express force
restricted to straight line Train rate of change of momentum of an
• Represented by the equation= F = Ma object is proportional to the net force
travelling along a straight rail
(F = Force, M = Mass, a = Acceleration) applied on the object in the direction
THIRD LAW OF MOTION • Two dimensional motion- Motion of the net force. (RRB Group-D 2018)
restricted to a plane Boat on a lake
• For every action there is an equal and • The year of publication of Newton’s
opposite reaction eg : Propulsion of • Three dimensional motion- Motion in laws of motion was- 1687 (RRB
rocket, Swimming, Flying Birds etc. space Gas molecules in space Group-D 2018)
INERTIA Previous Year Questions • A fielder moves his arms backwards
• A property of a body which is unable • The force between objects is always when catching a fast-moving cricket
to change its state by itself in the equal and opposite. This idea is given ball - because he experiences less
absense of external force called as Newton’s law – Third Law of Motion force for a longer period of time. (RRB
Ans : Inertia (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) Group-D 2018)

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• The product of mass and • When there is a collision between two • The motion of a body with constant speed
acceleration is called force (RRB inelastic bodies in a system, then the in a circular path is called uniform
Group-D 2018) kinetic energy is changed but the circular motion (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Explains Newton’s third law of motion momentum remains conserved. (RRB
• When an object moves on a circular
- Launching a rocket (RRB Group-D Group-D 2018)
path, the force exerted towards the
2018) • If the velocity is doubled, then the center on the rotating object is called
• At any instant, the acceleration of a momentum increases 2 times and the centripetal force (RRB Group-D).
rocket is proportional to the “nth” kinetic energy increases 4 times (RRB
Group-D 2018). Equations of motion
power of the velocity of exhaust
• If the speed of a moving body is v = u + at
gases. Here the value of n should be –
1 (RRB Group-D 2018) doubled, its momentum doubles. S = ut + 1/2(at2)
(RRB Group-D 2018) v2 = u2+ 2as
• In the absence of gravitational force
of attraction, the thrust on the rocket • Momentum is always saved in a 1. A ball is dropped from a certain
is – constant (RRB Group-D 2018) confrontation (RRB Group-D 2018)
height. It took the ball 15 seconds
• A high jumper runs for some time • Body A whose mass is 2 kg and body B to reach the ground. What is the
before the high jump so that the inertia whose mass is 3 kg are moving towards height at which the ball was initially,
of ________ helps him in taking the high each other with the velocity of 4 m/s also answer which equation of
jump – Speed (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) and 2 m/s respectively. At the time of motion is used to answer this
collision with each other, elastic question? [Take g=10m/sec 2]
• A pile of books kept on the table does collision will occur in - opposite
not move due to ________ – Inertia directions. (RRB Group-D 2018) Answer:
(RRB NTPC 2016) Second equation of motion, S= ut +
• If momentum (p) and velocity (v) are
• The process of a stationary object given, then the formula used to find 1/2(at2)
remaining stationary or a moving mass (m) will be- P/v (RRB Group-D 2018) The height at which ball is dropped=
object remaining moving at the same
• Momentum of a body is defined as h
speed is called inertia (RRB JE 2019,
RRB ALP & Tec. 2018). the product of its mass and velocity u= 0 m/sec
(RRB Group-D 2018, SSC GD 29/11/
• A runner continues running after 2021 (Shift-II)) a=g (acceleration due to gravity), g=
crossing the finish line – the inertia 10m/sec2
• Pendulum works like a rhythmic
of motion propels him forward (RRB h= 0+ 1/2(gt2)
oscillator, hence it is used in –
ALP & Teç. 2018)
Grandfather clock (RRB NTPC 2016) h= 1/2(10× 15×15)
• The law of inertia was first propounded
• When the car takes a turn, the force h= 1125meters
by – Galileo (RRB NTPC 2016)
that pushes us outwards- centrifugal
• Inertia is- the tendency to resist The height at which ball was present
force (RRB NTPC 2016)
change in the current situation (SSC initially was 1.125kms.
• Rotating laddu is an example of
10+2 CHSL 2017) 2. A Car with an initial speed of 1 m/
centripetal force (RRB NTPC 2016)
• When a car turns on a curved road, sec was in motion for 10 minutes,
• The working method of a very old model and then it came to a stop, the
the passengers sitting in it feel a of pendulum clock was completely
force on themselves in the direction velocity right before it stopped was
mechanical (RRB NTPC 2016). 5 m/sec. What was the constant
opposite to the center, this force is
inertia (RRB Group-D 2018). • Force acting in roller coaster ride – acceleration of the car?
centripetal (RRB NTPC 2016)
• “When a card placed on a glass is Solution:
pushed with a finger, the coin placed • If a body, in transformed motion,
U = 1 m/sec
on it falls into the glass dot pi. This moves on a curved path, then this
motion will be called – curvilinear v = 5 m/sec
statement explains the law – Law of
motion (RRB Group-D 2018) T ime for which the car was in
Inertia (RRB Group-D 2018)
• The constant force required to move a motion = 10 min
• What will be the momentum of a body
body in uniform circular motion is Acceleration = ?
with mass of 14 kg and velocity of 28
called centripetal force (RRB Group-D
m/s - 392 kg-m/s (RRB NTPC Using First equation of motion,
2018).
08.01.2021 (Shift-II))
• When an object rotates with uniform v = u+ at
• Impulse is equal to – change in
circular motion, the velocity at each 5 = 1+ a× (10×60)
momentum (SSC 10+2 CHSL 2017)
point changes (RRB Group-D 2018) a × 600 = 4
• The product of mass and velocity is
• If the length of a simple pendulum is
called momentum (RRB Group-D a = 4/600
increased, its time period will
2018) increase (RRB J.E. 2014). a = 0.0066 m/sec2

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 12 Railway General Science

3. A toy is accidentally dropped by a 7. The second equation of motion (a) 0.2ms2 (b) 0.2ms- 2
kid from his roof. The final velocity depicts the relationship between: (c) 2ms -2
(d) 2ms2
of the toy before it reached the (RRB ALP & Tech. (10-08-18 Shift-III)
ground was 8m/sec. Find the height Ans - (b) 0.2ms- 2
(a) velocity and time
of the building.
(b) place and time v u
Solution: a
(c) space and velocity t
a = g = 9.8m/sec2
(d) velocity and acceleration 6m / s  0m / s
v= 8m/sec a
Ans: (b) Place and time 30s
u = 0m/sec 6m / s
8. Starting from rest a boat moves in a a
Applying Third equation of motion, 30s
straight line at a constant rate with
v2= u2+ 2aS a  0.2m / s
an acceleration of 3ms- 2 for 8 seconds.
82 = 0+ 2×9.8 × S Find the total distance covered by the
S = 64/9.8×2 boat during this time. Momentum
S = 3.26 meters (RRB Group-D 23-10-2018 (Shift-II) m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Hence, the height of the building is (a) 96 ms (b) 96ms- 1 1. Suppose two balls with a mass of 5
3.26 meters. (c) 96 m (d) 96 ms-2 Kg and 2 Kg are moving in the same
4. Which of the following equations direction at 6 m/s and 2 m/s
Ans. (c) 96 m
represents the velocity-time respectively collide, and after the
u = 0 ms-1 collision, the 5 kg ball is moving at a
relationship?
t=8s speed of 5 m/s. What is the speed
(RRB Group-D 24-09-2018 (Shift-I) , of the 2 kg ball?
RRB Group-D 29-10-2018 (Shift-III) , a = 3 m s- 2
RRB Group-D 12-10-2018 (Shift-III)) s = ut + 1/2 at2 Solution:
(a) s = ut + 1/2 at2 =0×8+½×3×8×8 Given m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 2 kg
(b) 2as = v2 – u2 = 96 m Initial Velocities: u1 = 6 m/s and u2
9. An object starts moving from its rest = 2 m/s
(c) v = u + at
position. It attains a speed of 5 m/s in 2 Final Velocities: v1 = 5 m/s and v2 =
(d) v = u – at
seconds. What will be its acceleration? ?
Ans - (c) v = u + at (RRB Group-D 19-09-2018 (Shift II) According to the law of
5. A car moving with a uniform acceleration (a) 1m/s² (b) 0.4m/s² conservation of momentum
of 1m s- 2 changes from a speed of 5 ms- 1
(c) 2.5m/s² (d) 2m/s² m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
to 10ms- 1 in 5 s. Find the distance covered
by the car in this time.(RRB Group-D 07- Ans - (c) 2.5m/s² Now,
12-2018 (Shift-I) V = u + at (5)(6) + (2)(2) = (5)(5) + 2(v2)
(a) 37 m (b) 37.5 m v = 5 m/s 30 + 4 = 25+ 2(v2)
(c) 30 m (d) 27.50 m u = 0 m/s 2v2 = 34 – 25 = 9
Ans - (b) 37.5 m t = 2s v2 = 4.5 m/s
u = 5 ms-1 a = 5/2 MOTION
t=5s = 2.5m/s² 1. A rocket is traveling from Earth to
a = 1m s- 2 10. Which of the following is not an equation Mars at 10,000 m/sec. If no outside
s = ut + 1/2 at2 of uniformly accelerated motion? (RRB force is applied to it, its speed over
Group-D 02-11-2018 (Shift-III) the course of the trip stay constant
= 5 × 5 + 1/2 × 1 × 25 = 37.5m
(a) v2 – u2 = 2as 2. Newton’s first law referred to as the
6. With respect to the equations of
(b) v = u + at law of inertia.
motion, which of the following is
incorrect? (c) v – u = a + t 3. If the object is NOT moving, the
(d) s = ut + 1/2 a × t 2 acceleration coming from to cause
(RRB Group-D 26-10-2018 (Shift-III)
the force to increase as the mass
(a) 2as = u – v 2 2 Ans - (c) v - u = a + t increases is gravitational force
(b) s = ut + 1/2 at 2 11. Moving from a stationary position, 4. Newton’s Laws which describes the
2
(c) 2as = v – u 2 Soni’s velocity by bicycle becomes
relationship between the mass and
6ms -1 in 30s. Calculate the
(d) v = u + at force is Law of force and acceleration
acceleration of the bicycle.
Ans. (a) 2as = u 2 – v 2 5. If an object has mass, it also has inertia
(RRB Group-D 03-12-2018 (Shift-II)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 13 Railway General Science

6. An object with more mass has more 26. Momentum is the product of the mass 46. Jupiter is the planet with largest value
inertia and velocity of an object. of gravitational force.
7. My whole body doesn’t sink into the 27. SI units, it is measured in kilogram 47. A body will have maximum weight in
sand because the sand is pushing meters per second (kg”m/s) Jupiter (in the case of planets).
back up against my foot. Newton’s 28. According to law of conservation of 48. Weight of a body at poles will be
Third Law explains this situation. momentum, momentum before higher than that at equator.
8. Recoil of gun and motion of rocket collision is always equal to
49. This is because equator will have
are example of Newton’s third law momentum after collision.
maximum effect of centripetal force.
9. When two particles collide, each 29. The force applied on a surface in a
50. Centripetal force at poles are zero.
other experience the same force, the direction perpendicular or normal to
the surface is called thrust. 51. Wall of a dam is made broader at
same impulse, and same momentum
bottom to withstand the pressure
change. 30. Force, and thus thrust, is measured
that increase with depth.
10. The impulse of a force can be zero, in the International System of Units
(SI) as the newton (symbol: N). 52. Mano meter is used to measure liquid
even if the force is not zero.
pressure.
11. Newton’s law of universal gravitation 31. Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force
applied perpendicular to the surface 53. A liquid exerts pressure in all
states that a particle attracts every
of an object per unit area over which directions.
other particle in the universe.
that force is distributed. 54. If the area over which force acts is
12. With a force which is directly
32. Unit of pressure is Pascal decreased, then the pressure is
proportional to the product of their
33. Momentum is related to Newton’s 1st increased.
masses
law 55. The acceleration due to gravity on the
13. And this force is inversely
34. A person in car slides to the right surface of the Moon is about 625 m/
proportional to the square of the
when going through a very sharp left s2, about 16.6% that on Earth’s surface.
distance between their centres.
turn on the highway due to inertia. Speed and Velocity
14. F = in the given equation ‘G’ is called
Universal gravitational constant 35. The force of gravity exists between Speed of a body is a measure of rate of
any two objects that have mass. motion of the body. It is equal to distance
15. value of Universal gravitational travelled by the body in unit time.
constant in our world is G=6.7x10-11 36. If the horse reared up on 2 legs it will
m3kg-1s-2 exert twice the pressure it did before
distancetravelled(s)
37. The deeper you go under the sea, the Speed(v) 
16. The direction of the force of gravity timetaken(t)
greater the pressure of the water
is in a straight line between two
pushing down on you. It is measured in m/s or cm/s or km/h.
objects. It is always attractive
38. If we pull our diaphragm down, air Velocity of a body is defined as the
17. Gravitational force that sun exerts on
goes into our lungs because the distance travelled by the body in a given
moon is twice more than that of earth
volume increases and so pressure direction in unit time. Thus,
exert on it.
39. If we double the mass of one object,
18. Mass is both a property of a physical distance in a given direction
but don’t change anything else, the velocity 
body and a measure of its resistance gravitational force between two time taken
to acceleration when a net force is objects doubles.  displacement(s)
applied V
30. As distance between two objects time(t)
19. SI unit of mass is Kilogram(kg). increase the pull of gravity decreases.
20. Mass of the body does not change. 41. The measure of the pull of gravity on Acceleration
21. weight of an object is related to the an object is called weight. Acceleration of a body is defined as the
amount of force acting on the object, 42. If lift is going up with acceleration, rate of change of velocity of the body with
either due to gravity or to a reaction the apparent weight of a body is more time.
force that holds it in place than the true weight.
22. Mass is not the same as weight . 43. An object kept in a lift which falls change in velocity
Acceleration(a) 
23. SI unit of Weight is Newton (N) freely, weighs zero. time taken
24. The acceleration which is gained by 44. Pressure change occurring anywhere v u

an object because of gravitational in a confined incompressible fluid is t
force is called its acceleration due to transmitted throughout the fluid such
gravity. that the same change occurs Unit of acceleration = m/s2, cm/s2, km/h2
25. SI unit of acceleration due to gravity 45. Hydraulic lift works under the  v = u + at  s = ut + 1/2at2
is m/s2 principle of Pascal’s Law.  v2 = u2 + 2as

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 14 Railway General Science

Q1. Calculate the speed of z body in m/ Q5. A car travelling with a speed of 30 km/ (a) Rocket launching
s and km/hr if it travles 30 kms in hr comes into rest in 0.5 hrs. What (b) On the sudden move of the bus,
6 hrs will be the value of its retardation? the passengers get jerked
Solution: Distance (s) = 30 km Solution: v = 0 km/hr backwards
Time (t) = 6 hrs u = 30 km/hr (c) When we stop pedaling, the cycle
t = 0.5 hrs starts to slow down
speed (in km/hr) = Total distance/
Total time = 30/6 = 5 km/hr Retardation, a’ = (v-u)/t = (0-30)/0.5 (d) While catching a fast
= -300/5 = -60 km hr-2 appreaching cricket ball, the
30 km = 30 x 1000m = 30,000 m
fielder slowly moves his hand
6 hrs = 6 x 60 x 60 sec Q6. What is the equation for Newton's backwards with the moving ball.
second law of motion? (RRB NTPC
speed (im m/s) = (30 x 1000)/ (4 x 60 12.02.2021) Ans: (a) Rocket launching
x 60) = 1.6 m/s Q12. Which of the following statements is
(a) F = mc² (b) F = ma
Q2. During first half of a journey by a true for Newton's Third Law of Motion.
(c) F = AP (d) V = ½ mv²
body it travel with a speed of 60 km/ (RRB Group-D 12-10-2018)
hr and in the next half it travels with Ans: (b) F = ma
(a) The force is applied to the same
a speed of 10 km/hr. Calculate the Q7. What is the other name of Newton's body.
average speed of the whole journey. first law of motion? (RRB NTPC
(b) The force is applied on the same
Solution: Speed during first half (v1) = 60 04.01.2021)
body in the opposite direction
km/hr (a) Law of momentum
(c) The force is applied on different
Speed during second half (v 2 ) = 10 (b) Law of movement body in opposite direction
km/hr (c) Law of inertia (d) Force is dependent on distance.
Average speed = (v1+v2)/2 = (60+10)/ (d) Law of displacement Ans: (c) The force is applied on different
2 = 70/2 = 35 Ans: (c) Law of inertia body in opposite direction
Average speed by an object (body) = Q8. How many law of motion did Isaac Q13. Which of the following examples
35 km/hr. Newton formulate? (RRB NTPC illustrates Newton's first law of
Q3. A car travels 30 km in first hour, 60 01.04.2021) motion? (RRB Group-D 05-11-2018)
km in second hour and 10 km in third (a) Three (b) Four (a) When we stop pedaling, the cycle
hour. Calculate the average speed of (c) Two (d) Five starts to slow down.
the train. Ans: (a) Three (b) While catching a fast
Solution: Speed in Ist hour = 30 km/hr Q9. The three laws of motion were approaching cricket ball, the
Distance travelled during 1st hr = proposed by: (RRB NTPC 08.01.2021) fielder slowly moves his hand
1×30= 30 km backwards with the moving ball.
(a) Aristotle (b) Newton
Speed in 2nd hour = 40 km/hr (c) Galileo (d) Edison (c) When a bus starts abruptly, the
passengers are jerked backwards.
Distance travelled during 2nd hr = Ans: (b) Newton
(d) Rocket launching
1×60= 60 km Q10. Newton's Third Law of Motion applies
to which of the following situations? Ans: (c) When a bus starts abruptly, the
Speed in 3rd hour = 30 km/hr
(RRB Group-D 24-10-2018) passengers are jerked backwards.
Distance travelled during 3rd hr =
(a) When a person jumps from the boat Q14. What was the year of publication of
1×10= 10 km
to the river, the boat goes backwards Newton's laws of motion? (RRB
Average speed = Total distance Group-D 27-11-2018)
travelled/Total time taken (b) Passengers standing in a bus fall
in the back direction, when the (a) 1678 (b) 1778
= (30+60+10)/3 = 100/3 = 33.3 km/hr (c) 1787 (d) 1687
stationary, bus suddenly maves
Q4. A car speed increases from 30 km/hr Ans: (d) 1687
(c) When a person falls on the
to 50 km/hr in 4 sec. Calculate the
cement floor, he gets hurt Q15. The trajectory (or path) of a
acceleration of car.
(d) While catching a fast moving projectile is_____,. (RRB Group-D 16-
Solution: u = 30km/hr = (30×5)/18 = 25/3 = cricket ball, a fielder puts his 11-2018)
8.33 m/s hands backwards (a) Straight line (b) Parabola
v = 50 km/hr = (50×5)/18 = 150/9 = Ans: (a) When a person jumps from the boat (c) Circle (d) Hyperbola
13.8 m/s to the river, the boat goes backwards Ans . (b)Parabola
t = 4 sec Q11. Which of the following examples Q16. Which of the following is an example
a = (v-u)/t = (13.8 - 8.33)/5 explains Newton's third law of of Newton's third law of motion: (RRB
= 5.47/5 = 1.094 ms-2 motion? (RRB Group-D 02-11-2018) Group-D 17-09-2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 15 Railway General Science

 (a) While catching a fast direction, the boat drifts backwards. (d) When a bus steps suddenly, a
appreaching cricket ball, the Which law of Newton represent the passenger sitting in the bus gets
fielder slowly moves his hand example - (RRB ALP - Tec. ( 31 - 8 - 18) a shock in the front
backwards with the moving ball (a) Second law of motion Ans: (a) When a bus stops suddenly, a
(b) When we stop paddling, the cycle (b) Fust and second law of motion passenger sitting in the bus is
slows down (c) Third law of motion jerked backwards.
(c) When a bus moves suddenly, the (d) Fust law of motion Q20. Which of the following Newton's Law
passengers are jerked backwards Ans: (c) Third law of motion of Motion provides an explanation
(d) Rocket launching Q19. Which of the following statements for why a ball thrown on the wall
Ans: (d) Rocket launching is false. (RRB Group-D 07-12-2018) collides and returns? (RRB NTPC
(a) When a bus stops suddenly, a 26.04.2016)
Q17. 1Kg × 1ms-² It is said......... (RRB
Group-D 15-11-2018) passenger sitting in the bus is (a) First law of motion
jerked backwards. (b) Second law of motion
(a) 1 newton (b) 1 coulomb
(b) When a person jumps from a (c) Third law of motion
(c) 1 pascal (d) 1 joule moving bus, he falls
Ans: (a) 1 Newton (d) None of the rules
(c) When a rotating fan stops, it
Q18. When a sailor jumps in the forward retates for some ume. Ans: (c) Third law of motion

Quick Reminder
Kinetic, Potential Energy and Example - A mass of 2Kg is taken • In Hydroelectric Dams -
Energy Conversion from the ground to the height of Gravitational potential energy to
10m. Find the potential energy of Electric Energy
Kinetic Energy the object.
• In Electric Generator - Kinetic
• K inetic energy is energy (g = 10 m/s2)
possessed by a body by virtue of energy / Mechanical Energy to
Solution - Given, Electric Energy
its movement. E.g.-Moving Car,
Walking & Running, Wind Mills, mass = 2 kg and • In Windmills - Wind Energy to
Bullet fired from a gun, etc. height = 10 m. Mechanical Energy or Electric
K = 1\2 mv2 As we know, Energy
Example - Example A ball has a Potential Energy = mgh • In OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy
mass of 2Kg, suppose it travels at According to question, Conversion) - Heat Energy to
10m/s. Find the kinetic energy Electric Energy or Mechanical
possessed by it. Potential Energy = 2 x 10 x 10
Energy
= 200 J.
Solution - Given, • Using Microphone - Sound
Energy Conversion
mass = 2 kg and Energy to Electric Energy
• Rubbing both hands together for
velocity = 10 m/s. warmth - K inetic Energy to • Photosynthesis in Plants - Solar
As we know, Thermal Energy Energy to Chemical Energy
Kinetic Energy = ½ mv2 • A falling object speeding up - • In Piezoelectrics - Strain Energy
According to question, Gravitational Potential Energy to to Electric Energy
Kinetic Energy • In Electric lamp - Electric Energy
Kinetic Energy = ½ x 2 x 10 x 10 = 100 J.
• Using battery-powered to Heat Energy and Light Energy
Potential Energy
torchlight - In the battery: • Burning of wood - Chemical
• Potential energy is the energy Chemical to Electrical Energy
possessed by a body by virtue of energy to Heat and Light Energy
In the bulb:Electrical to Radiant
its position or state. E.g.- Water • In Fuel cells - Chemical Energy to
Energy
In Dams & Reservoirs, An object Electric Energy
at the top of a hill, A lifted weight, • In Geothermal Power Plant - Heat
Energy to Electrical Energy • In steam engine - The heat
Food before we digest it, A
energy to Mechanical Energy
charged battery, A wound spring • In Thermocouple - Heat Energy
of a watch etc. to Electrical Energy • In Electric heater - Electric Energy
U = mgh to Heat

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 16 Railway General Science

 3
Force
FORCE FRICTIONAL FORCE VISCOSITY
• An influence that changes the state • Force that resists the movement of • Frictional force acting between
of rest in a straight line of a body is one surface over another is called parallel layers of a liquid is called
called - Force Ans : F = ma Ans : Viscosity
Ans:Frictional Force
[m = mass, a = acceleration]
• The substances which reduce the • Unit - Poise
• Unit - Newton or Kg m/s2 frictional force between moving • With increase in temperature,
• CGS unit - Dyne surfaces Ans:Lubricant viscosity Ans : Decreases
• One Newton = 105 dyne APPLICATIONS OF FRICTION • Viscosity of gas is less than viscosity
• Strongest force in the universe • We can walk on ground of Ans : Liquid
Ans:Nuclear force • Car can stop with a sudden brake • Viscosity of an ideal fluid is
• Weakest force in the universe • Slow landing of a parachute through Ans : Zero
Ans:Gravitational Force air MOBILE LIQUIDS
• Force acting for a short time TYPES OF FRICTIONAL FORCES • Liquids having low viscosity are
Ans:Impulsive force • Static friction called Ans : Mobile liquids
CENTRIPETAL FORCE AND CENTRIFUGAL Ans:Force acts in a direction opposite • Mobile liquids can flow easily
FORCE to the direction of motion eg : Water, Kerosene, Alcohol, Petrol etc
CENTRIPETAL FORCE • Kinetic friction SUPERFLUIDS
• Force which acts on a body moving Ans:Force occurs when two objects • Fluids flow with zero viscosity is
in a circular path and it is directed
are moving relative to each other or called Ans: Super fluids
towards centre is called
rub together • It shows antigravitational property
Ans:Centripetal force
• Rolling friction eg : Honey, Coal tar, Glycerine etc.
eg: Vehicle moving round a curved road
Ans:Force acts when two bodies role SURFACE TENSION
requires this force (when speed
increases, more centripetal force is one another
• The property of a liquid by which the
required) eg : Ball bearing operation free surface of liquid acts like a
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE ADHESION FORCE stretched membrane
• Force that acts on a body moving in a • Force of attraction between unlike Ans : Surface tension
circular path and is directed away molecules is termed as • Surface tension is caused due to
from the centre is called
Ans:Adhesion Ans : Unbalanced molecular cohesive
Ans:Centrifugal force force
eg : water drop sticks on glass surface
eg : This force helps to separate cream
COHESION FORCE • Surface tension is inversely
from milk
proportional to temperature and
• Capability of rotating objects around • Force of attraction between like
molecules is termed as Ans : Pressure
a fixed axis is called
Ans:Cohesion • Surface tension of hot water is less
Ans:Torque
than that of Ans : Cold water
eg : Tightening of nut eg: water molecules join together

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 17 Railway General Science

APPLICATIONS AND EXAMPLES GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ESCAPE VELOCITY
• Insects to walk over the water surface • The mutual attractive force between • Minimum speed which a body must
• Spherical shape of rain drops two point masses m1 and m2, is have to escape from the earth’s
inversely propotional to the square gravitational force is called
• Detergents inverse the surface tension
of the distance between them Ans : Escape Velocity
of water
Ans : Newton’s law of Gravitation • Escape velocity of moon
CAPILLARITY
Ans : 2.4 km/s
• It is the phenomenon of surface
tension m1m2 • Escape velocity of earth
F
eg : rise of water level in plants d2 Ans : 11.2km/s
Gm1m2 • Escape velocity of planet Jupiter
• The chalk and blotting paper quickly F
absorb ink d2 Ans : 60km/s
• It is due to adhesive force • Escape velocity of planet Mercury
G -> gravitational constant
ELASTICITY Ans : 4.2km/s
• Force of attraction between any two
• Ability of a body to return to its • Escape velocity of the planets
bodies in the universe is called
original shape is called increases with its Ans : Mass
Ans : Gravitation
Ans: Elasticity THRUST
• Law of gravitation was discovered by • The total normal force exerted by a
• Hierarchy of elasticity
Ans : Sir Isaac Newton fluid on a surface is called
Ans: Steel > Rubber
• Weakest force in nature Ans: Thrust
PRESSURE
Ans : Gravitational Force • Unit of thrust is Ans: Newton
• The force per unit area is called
• The force keeps the earth and other WEIGHT
Ans: Pressure
planetary objects in their orbits • The total gravitational force act on a
Pressure = Force/Area body
around the sun
• The SI Unit of pressure Weight (W = mg)
Ans : Gravitational Force
= Pascal or N/m2 [m = mass of the body,
• The acceleration with which the
• Unit of thrust Ans : Newton g = acceleration due to gravity]
freely falling bodies are attracted
• CGS unit Ans : dyne /cm2 towards the earth is called the WEIGHT OF A BODY IS:
• Force acts more on objects having • Minimum at the Equator
Ans : Acceleration due to gravity (g) g
Ans : Low Surface area = 9.8 m/s2 (32.2 feet/s2) • Zero at the centre
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE • Weight of freely falling body • Maximum at the poles of the Earth
• Atmospheric pressure Ans : Zero • Weight of a body in moon is equal to
= 760mm of Mercury VALUE OF’G’ IS Ans : 1/ 6th of the weight of a body
• Unit of Atmospheric pressure on earth
• Maximum at Polar regtons
Ans : Bar MASS
• Minimum at Equatorial regions
5
1 bar = 10 pascal • The amount of matter contained in a
• Zero at the center of the earth body is called Ans : Mass
• Pressure at sea level is taken as the
• Universal Law of Gravitation was put • Mass doesn’t vary with the change of
Ans : Standard Atmospheric Pressure forward by its position on the earth’s surface
• Barometer is used to calculate
Ans : Sir Isaac Newton • The device used to measure Mass of
Ans : Atmospheric Pressure a body Ans : Physical balance
• The ‘g’ is maximum on Jupiter and
• The liquid used in Barometer minimum on the planet DENSITY
Ans : Mercury Ans : Mercury • Density is defined as - Mass per unit
BAROMETER of volume
• Astronaut cannot drink lemonade
Liquid Level change Indication Density =Mass /Volume
with the help of a straw because
• Rising -Calm climate Relative density
Ans : There is no atmosphere on the
• Sudden fall -Storm moon =Density of body / Density of water

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 18 Railway General Science

• Unit - Kg/m3 Density of water • Ship moves from river to sea rises EFFORT OR POWER (E)
Ans : 1000kg/m 3 little higher - Density of sea water is • The force applied on the machine
greater than the density of fresh
• Density of water is maximum at - 4°C RESISTANCE OR LOAD (R)
water
• Relative density is also known as • The force felt by the machine
• It is impossible to extinguish petrol
Ans : Specific gravity fire by water - Density of water is • Mechanical advantage of a machine
• Water occupies maximum volume at greater than the density of Petrol = Load/Effort
- 0°C • Ice sinks in alcohol - Density of water LEVER ARRANGEMENT EXAMPLE
• When ice melts level of water is greater than density of alocohol • Ist Order - RFE - Balance, nail, puller,
remains Ans : Constant BUOYANT FORCE sea-saw, a pair of scissors
• When ice melts, its volume • When a body is immersed partly or • 2nd Order squeezer - ERF - Wheel
Ans : Decreases wholly in a liquid, a force acts on the barrow, nut cracker, lemon
body by the liquid in the upward • 3rd Order -REF- Ice tongs, fishing rod,
IMPULSIVE FORCE
direction. This force is called shovel etc
• A very large force acting for a short
Ans : Buoyant force Important One Liner Questions
period of time is called
Examples: • According to which law, at constant
Ans : Impulsive force
• A bucket of water weighs less when temperature, the volume of a gas is
• Impulse (I) is the force that changes
immersed in water inversely proportional to pressure?
the Ans : Momentum of a body
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE - Boyle’s law (RRB NTPC CBT-1 22 Dec
• I = Force x time = Ft
• When a body is completely or partly 2020 3rd shift)
PASCAL’S LAW
immersed in a fluid, the body • What is the other name of Newton’s
• The law states that a force exerted on experiences an upward thrust which first law of motion? - Law of inertia
anywhere in a confined incompressible is equal to the weight of fluid (RRB NTPC CBT-1 04 Jan 2021 3rd shift)
fluid is transmitted equally in all displaced by the body • What is the equation for Newton’s
directions Ans : Pascal’s law second law of motion? - F=ma (RRB
FLOATATION
• Pascal’s law is also known as NTPC CBT-1 12 Feb 2021 1st shift)
• The law of floatation states that a
principle of • The rate of change of momentum of
floating object displaces its own
Ans : Transmission of fluid pressure weight of the fluid in which it floats an object is proportional to the
• Pascal’s law was discovered by applied unbalanced force in the
• Weight of floating object = weight of
direction of the force. This rule is
Ans : Blaise Pascal fluid displaced
known as______. - Newton’s Second
APPLICATIONS SIMPLE MACHINES Law of Motion (RRB NTPC CBT-1 15
• Hydraulic Jack • It is a device used for performing Feb 2021 3rd shift)
work by applying force (effort) at a • A spring balance is a device
• Hydraulic Press
convenient point in a convenient commonly used for measuring the
• Hydraulic lifts
Ans : Direction to overcome the _____ acting on an object. - Force (RRB
• Flush Tank friction at some other point NTPC CBT-1 05 March 2021 3rd shift)
APPLICATIONS • It reduce human effort • What happens to the irregularities
• Ice floats on water - Density of Ice is of the two surfaces which causes
• Inclined planes and levers are simple
less than the density of water static friction? - Interlocking (RRB JE
machines
23 May 2019 1st shift)
• A ship of iron and steel float on water —>effect of a simple machine
- Density of iron is less than the • If an object starts moving and if there
= power output / power input is no friction at all, what happens?
density of water
• The law of lever was proposed by - The object can never stop (RRB JE
• Iron nail sinks - Density of iron is less
24 May 2019 3rd shift)
than the density of water Ans: Archimedes
• What did Archimedes determine after
• An iron nail floats on mercury but FULCRUM (PERMANENT POINT)
discovering the Archimedes
sinks in water - Density of mercury is • Lever is a rigid bar capable of turning principle? - Purity of gold in the king’s
less than the density of iron freely about a fixed point crown (RRB JE 24 May 2019 3rd shift)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 19 Railway General Science

• Why are the tyres of the can trucks • The inertia of an object tends to cause • The effect of a balanced force applied
and bulldozers treaded? - To increase the object to____. - Resist any change on an object is – change in the shape
friction and to give Better grip to in its state of Motion (RRB JE 02 June of an object (RRB Group-D 2018)
them on the road (RRB JE 25 May 2019 2019 1st shift) • The effect of stress depends on the
1st shift) area (RRB Group-D 2018)
• If lubricants are used in machine
• Why does a mechanic apply grease parts, how does the movement • If an object is pulled by holding it
between the moving parts of a Cycle become? – Smooth (RRB JE 02 June from both the ends, then the force
or a motor? - As a lubricant to reduce 2019 1st shift) applied on it is called – Stretch (RRB
friction (RRB JE 26 May 2019 1st shift) Group-D 2018)
• Drag is the name given to Frictional
• How does a lubricant reduce friction forces exerted by what? - Fluids (RRB • The quality of a substance not
between moving parts of a machine? changing its shape even after ______
JE 02 June 2019 3rd shift)
- The lubricant forms a thin film of work is done on it is called ______ –
Surface between the moving parts so • Which force is exerted by air on external force, solidity (RRB Group-D
that they don’t rub against each other Objects moving through it - Frictional 2018)
directly (RRB JE 27 May 2019 1st shift) force (RRB JE 02 June 2019 3rd shift)
• When two equal forces are acting on
• Due to which force does the moon • The relative speed of the two surfaces a system and in opposite directions,
move around the Earth in its near in contact with each other due to then the force acting on the system
Circular orbit? - Centripetal force friction is ____. - Conflicts (RPF becomes – zero (RRB Group-D 2018)
(RRB JE 27 May 2019 1st shift) Constable 17 2019 1st shift) • Pushing or pulling an object to bring
• Why are the soles of the shoes • ATM in a unit of measuring _____ it into motion is called force (RRB
provided with grooves? - To increase used by gas. - Pressure (RPF Constable Group-D 2018)
the friction and to provide Better grip 18 Jan 2019 3rd shift) • Forces between two bodies are always
(RRB JE 29 May 2019 2nd shift) equal and applied in opposite
Previous Year Questions
• Why are luggage fitted with Rollers? directions (RRB Group-D 2018)
• When a force of 10 Newton is applied
- Wheels reduce friction and rolling • In the following circumstances, work
on an object of mass 10 kg capable
makes the movement smooth and is done by a negative force – when an
of moving freely, then the statement
Easy (RRB JE 29 May 2019 3rd shift) object moves in the direction opposite
will apply - the system will move with to the force. (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Using brake pads in the brake system an acceleration of 1 ms-2 (RRB ALP &
of bicycles and automobiles is for • The force applied by a solid surface
Te(c) 2018)
what purpose? - To increase friction on any object in the normal direction
(RRB JE 30 May 2019 1st shift) • Physical entity that changes or is called normal force (RRB Group-D
attempts to change the static or 2018)
• What are the three main lubricants
uniform dynamic state of an object – • All forces have both magnitude and
used in moving parts of a Machine?
Force (RRB ALP & Te(c) 2018) direction (RRB Group-D 2018)
- Oil, grease, graphite (RRB JE 30 May
2019 2nd shift) • If an object of mass m is raised to a • The force of gravity acting on an
height h from the ground, then force object is known as – Weight (RRB
• The stretching of a spring due to the
force in a spring balance is measured is required for this action. The Group-D 2018)
by____. - A pointer moving on a minimum force required to lift an • In work – there is no direction, only
graduated Scale (RRB JE 30 May 2019 object is equal to the weight of the quantity (RRB Group D 2018)
3rd shift) object (RRB Group-D 2018)
GRAVITATION
• What is the force overcome friction • An object of mass ‘m’ which is moving
Formula
at the instant object starts moving with acceleration ‘a’, the force
1. If two masses m1 and m2 are kept at a
from rest? - Static friction (RRB JE 31 applied on it will be - m x a (RRB
distance r from each other, the gravity
May 2019 2nd shift) Group-D 2018)
formula is calculated as;
• What placed between moving parts of • When a neutralizing force is applied
Solution.
a machine can reduce friction - Air in opposite directions, the angle
cushion (RRB JE 31 May 2019 3rd shift) between the two directions will be – F = Gm1m2 / r2
180° (RRB Group-D 2018) where,
• In a spring balance, which part is
switched when a force is applied? • An object moves at a constant speed F = force due to gravity
- Coiled spring (RRB JE 01 June 2019 when there is no _____ force acting G = gravitational constant with value
2nd shift) on it (RRB Group-D 2018) 6.67 x 10-11 N-m2/kg2

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 20 Railway General Science

 m1 = mass of the 1st body (a) 6 times (b) 36 times 9. A ball thrown vertically returns to the
m2 = mass of the 2 bodynd
(c) 1/36 times (d) 12 times earth after 10 seconds. Tell the speed
of throw? (If g = 10 m/s2 (RRB ALP &
r = distance between the two bodies Ans. (c) 1/36 times
Tech. (30-08-18 Shift-III)
In simple terms,
(a) 120m/s (b) 100 m/s
Gravitational Force = (Gravitational m1m2
F'  G (c) 600m/s (d) 60m/s
Constant × Mass of first object × Mass (6r)2
of the second object) / (Distance m1m2  mm  Ans: (b) 100 m/s
F'  G  F  G 12 2 
between the centre of two bodies)2. 36r2  r  v = u - gt
2. Calculate the force due to the F 0 = u – 10 × 10
F' 
gravitation applied to two objects 36 u = 100 m/s
weighing 2 Kg and 5 Kg separated by
10. A truck falls off a cliff and reaches
a distance of 5cm? 6. If your weight on Earth is 38 kg, what
the ground in 0.8 s. How high is that
Solution. Mass of the body 1 = 2 kg will be your weight on Mercury? (RRB
rock from the ground? (g = 10 m/s2))
NTPC 29.03.2016 (Shift-II)
Mass of the 2nd body = 5 kg (RRB Group-D 10-10-2018 (Shift-I)
(a) 19 kilograms (b) 760 kilograms
Distance between them = 5 cm (a) 4.6m (b) 6.4 m
(c) 10 kilograms (d) 14.3 kilograms
Gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 (c) 64 m (d) 3.2 m
N-m2/kg2 Ans: (d) 14.3 kilograms
Ans - (d) 3.2 m
Put all the above values in the The gravity of Buddha is about 38% of
s = ut + ½ gt2
Gravitational force formula; that on Earth, meaning your weight
on Buddha would be 38% of your s = height of rock
F = Gm1m2 / r2 weight on Earth. Therefore, your u = initial velocity
F = 6.67 x 10-11 x 2 x 5 / (5 x 10-2)2 weight on Buddha would be about
t = time
F = 2.668 x 10-7 N 14.3 kg.
g = acceleration due to gravity,
3. Which of the following is a weak 7. The weight of an object or person
when measured on the surface of the =s = 0 + ½ × 10 × (0.8)2
force? (RRB Group-D 26-10-2018
(Shift-II) earth is 60 N. What will be its weight s = 3.2 meters
when measured on the surface of the
(a) momentum force FORCE
Moon? (RRB Group-D 22-10-2018
(b) Gravitational force (Shift-III) 1. A person jumping from a height on a
concrete floor receives more injury
(c) mass (a) 10 N (b) 1N
than when jumping on a spongy floor
(d) short range force (c) 360 N (d) 3.6 N because of Impulse.
Ans: (b) Gravitational force Ans. (a) 10 N 2. Force is – push or a pull.
4. What is the value of gravitational The weight of an object or person on 3. A force arises due to- the interaction
constant (G)? (RRB Group-D 20-09- earth is 60 newtons. Gravity on the between two objects.
2018 (Shift-I) , RRB Group-D 05-12- Moon is about 1/6 of Earth’s.
4. Force has magnitude as well as
2018 (Shift-II) , RRB Group-D 23-10- Therefore, the weight of the object direction.
2018 (Shift-III) or person on the Moon will be:
5. A change in the speed of an object or
(a) 6.6734 × 10-11 m2 K g-2 60 newtons × 1/6 = 10 newtons
the direction of its motion or both
(b) 6.67408 × 10-11 m3Kg-1S-2 Therefore, the weight of the object implies – a change in its state of
(c) 6.6734 × 10-11 Nm2 Kg-2 or person on the Moon would be motion.
approximately 10 Newtons.
(d) 6.6734 × 10-11 N-m2 K g-2 6. Force acting on an object may cause
-11 2 -2 8. The mass of an object is 10 kg. What a change in its state of motion or a
Ans: (d) 6.6734 × 10 N-m K g
will be its weight on earth? (g = 9.8 m- 2) change in its shape.
5. If the distance between two objects (RRB Group-D 04-12-2018 (Shift-III)
becomes 6 times more than the 7. Force per unit area is called –
(a) 10N (b) 10kg pressure
normal distance, then F becomes
_____. (RRB Group-D 16-11-2018 (c) 98 kg (d) 98N 8. Liquids and gases exert pressure on
(Shift-II) Ans. (d) 98N the walls of their containers.

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 21 Railway General Science

9. The pressure exerted by air around 28. Graphical representation of motion, 41. The direction of centripetal
us is known as atmospheric pressure. Displacement and time graph- acceleration is always towards the
Uniform velocity (straight line) centre of the circular path
10. Friction opposes the relative motion
between two surfaces in contact. It 29. A passenger jumping out from a 42. SI unit force is newton (N) and CGS
acts on both the surfaces. rapidly moving bus or train is advised unit is dyne. (1 N = dyne. )
11. Friction depends on the nature of the to jump in forward direction and run 43. During circular motion a force always
surfaces in contact. forward for a short mile due to inertia acts on the body towards the centre
of rest. of the circular path, called centripetal
12. Static friction comes into play when force. (centripetal force = m)
we try to move an object at rest. 30. If anybody is falling freely under
gravity, then acceleration is – Positive 44. In circular motion we experience that
13. Sliding friction comes into play when a force is acting on us in opposite to
acceleration due to gravitational
an object is sliding over one another. the direction of centripetal force
force (g)
14. Sliding friction is smaller than static called centrifugal force.
31. If an object is thrown vertically
friction (static friction > kinetic friction 45. centrifugal force is an apparent force
upward, then acceleration is –
> rolling friction) or imaginary force and called a pseudo
negative acceleration due to
15. Friction is important for many of our force.
gravitational force (-g)
activities. (without friction we can’t 46. Cyclist inclined itself from vertical
32. For a body with zero acceleration or to obtain required centripetal force
walk)
constant speed, graph between
16. Friction can be increased by making 47. For taking turn on a curved road, the
velocity and time will be a straight
a surface rough. frictional forces acting between the
line parallel to time axis. tyres of the vehicle and the road acts
17. The sole of the shoes and the tyres of 33. For accelerating or decelerating body as centripetal force.
the vehicles are treading to increase
the graph will be a straight line 48. If a bucket containing water is
friction.
inclined to time axis and velocity axis revolved fast in a vertical plane, the
18. Friction is something undesirable. water may not fall even when bucket
34. Graph between position (distance)-
19. Friction can be reduced by using time for an accelerating or is completely inverted because a
lubricants, polishing, proper selection decelerating body is always a centrifugal force
of material. parabola. 49. For orbital motion of electrons
20. When one body rolls over another around the nucleus electrostatic
35. Acceleration-time graph for
body, rolling friction is smaller than force of attraction is acting between
uniformly accelerating body is a line
sliding friction. the electrons and the nucleus as
parallel to time axis.
centripetal force.
21. In many machines, friction is reduced 36. In case of uniformly accelerated
by using ball bearings. 50. Cream is separated from milk when
motion, the graph between velocity it is rotated in a vessel about the
22. Fluid friction can be minimised by and time is always a straight line. same axis-a centrifugal force
giving suitable shapes to bodies 37. The motion of a bullet shot from the 51. For revolution of the earth around the
moving in fluids. gun, the motion of a rocket after sun, gravitational force of attraction
23. The force applied to a cable or wire burning out, the motion of a bomb between the earth and the sun acts
that is anchored on opposite ends to dropped from an aeroplane are as centripetal force.
opposing walls or other objects. This Projectile Motion. 52. A body continues in its state of rest or
causes a force that pulls equally in 38. If we drop a ball from a height and at of uniform motion in a straight line
both directions- Tension force unless an external force act on it. It is
the same time thrown another ball in
24. The spring force is the force created a horizontal direction, then both the based on law of inertia or law of Galileo.
by a compressed or stretched spring. balls would strike the earth 53. When a bus or train at rest starts, to
25. An object travels equal distances in simultaneously at different places. move suddenly, the passengers sitting
equal intervals of time, then it is said in it jerk in backward direction due
39. Circular motion with a constant
to be in uniform motion. to their inertia of rest.
speed is called uniform circular
26. If velocity decreases with time, then motion. 54. The dust particles come out from a
carpet when it is beaten with a stick
its acceleration is negative called 40. During circular motion an due to their inertia of rest.
deceleration or retardation. acceleration acts on the body
Formula
27. Acceleration is a vector quantity and towards the centre, called centripetal
its SI unit is ms-2 acceleration. F = ma

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 22 Railway General Science

1. If you apply a net force of 3 N on .1 Ans: (c) The physical entity that changes or = 15m/s
kg-box, what is the acceleration of attempts to change the static or Time (t) = 5 s
the box uniform dynamic state of an object.
Force (F) = ma
GivenF=3N Is called force. The SI unit of force is
Newton. F = (m(v - u))/t
m=.1 kg
6. An object moves at a constant speed = (100(15 - 5))/5
F=ma
when there is no ……….. acting on it. = (100 ×10)/5 = 200N
or a=F/m=30 m/s2
(RRB Group-D 04-10-2018 (Shift-1) Hence the force applied on the body
2. Calculate the force needed to speed is 200N.
(a) impulse (b) inertia
up a car with a rate of 5ms–2, if the
(c) force (d) pressure 10. An object of mass 20 kg moves with
mass of the car is 1000 kg.
an acceleration of 4m/s2. Calculate
Solution: According to question: Ans. (c) An object moves at a constant speed
the amount of force acting on it.
when there is no external force acting
Acceleration (a) =5m/s2 and Mass (m) (RRB Group-D 26-10-2018 (Shift-II)
on it. Force is a vector quantity. Its SI
= 1000 kg, therefore, Force (F) =?
unit is Newton. (a) 80N (b) 5N
We know that, F=m×a
7. Which of the following never exists (c) 10N (d) 25N
=1000kg×5m/s2
alone in nature?
Ans: (a) Given, mass (m) = 20kg
=5000kg m/s2
(RRB ALP & Tech. (09-08-18 Shift -l)
Acceleration (a) = 4m/s2
Therefore, required Force
(a) inertia (b) force Force (F) = Mass (m) × Acceleration (a)
=5000 kg m/s2 or N
(c) momentum (d) velocity
= 20 ×4 = 80N
3. What will be the force applied on an
Ans: (b) Force is a vector quantity which is
object of mass ‘m’ which is moving 11. A body of mass 15 kg is moving at a
never found alone in nature, that is, speed of 5ms2. Then the force acting
with acceleration ‘m’?
it is found in combined state.
on it will be-
(RRB Group-D 12-10-2018 (Shift-II)
8. Force =_____
(RRB Group-D 26-10-2018 (Shift-III)
(a) a/m (b) m/a
(RRB Group-D 28-11-2018 (Shift-1) (a) 75 J (b) -75 N
(c) m×a (d) a + m
(RRB Group-D 04-10-2018 (Shift-1)
(c) -75 J (d) 75 N
Ans. (c) An object of mass ‘m’ which is
(a) mass x acceleration
moving with acceleration ‘a’. So force Ans: (d) F = ma
applied on it = mass × acceleration (b) mass × volume F = 15 × 5 = 75N
F = m×a (c) mass × pressure
12. If the momentum of an object changes
4. When a neutralizing force ‘F’ is (d) mass × velocity by 10 kg m/s in 0.02 seconds, then the
applied in the opposite direction, the Ans. (a) Force is an external factor which force acting on the object is:
angle between the two directions will changes or tries to change the initial (RRB Group-D 05-11-2018 (Shift-II)
be- state of an object. Force is a vector
(a) 200 N (b) 550 N
(RRB Group-D 20-09-2018 (Shift-III) quantity, its SI unit is Newton.
(c) 500 N (d) 100 N
(a) 30° (b) 90° 9. The speed of a body of mass 100 kg
changes from 5m/s to 15 m/s in 5 s Ans: (c) Given-
(c) 180° (d) 60°
and a uniform acceleration is t = 0.02 seconds
Ans: (c) When a neutralizing force ‘F’ is applied on it. Calculate the force Momentum = 10 kg m/s
applied in the opposite direction, applied on the body?
there will be an angle of 180° Force (F) = change in momentum/
(RRB Group-D 01-10-2018 (Shift-II) time 10/0.02 = 1000/2 = 500 N
between the directions.
(a) 200 Pa (b) 200 J 13. .......... is never alone in nature-
5. Which of the following physical
entities changes or attempts to (c) 200 kg (d) 200 N (RRB Group-D 20-09-2018 (Shift-II)
change the static or uniform dynamic Ans. (d): Let the mass of the body (m) = (a) force (b) velocity
state of an object? 100 kg.
(c) speed (d) pressure
(RRB ALP & Tech. (21-08-18 Shift-II) Initial velocity of the body (u)
Ans: (a) Force is a vector quantity, due to
(a) momentum (b) mass = 5m/s which the velocity of a body can
(c) force (d) inertia Final velocity of the body (v) change. Force never exists alone in

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 23 Railway General Science

 nature because there is a force equal 18. When a constant force acts on an 23. If a force of 20N is applied on a body
and opposite to it, which is called object with a mass of 8 kg for a period with a mass of 10kg, what will be the
counterforce. The unit of force (F) is of 3 seconds, it increases the velocity acceleration produced? (RRB ALP
Newton. of the object from 4m/s to 6m/s. Tier-1 29 Aug 2018 1st shift)
F=m×a Explain the gravity of the force used? (a) 200m/s2 (b) 2m/s2
where m = mass (RRB Group-D 27-09-2018 (Shift-I) (c) 5m/s2 (d) 100m/s2
a =acceleration (a) 5.33 Newton (b) 6.33 Newton Answer (b) 2m/s2
14. What is it called to push or pull an (c) 4.33 Newton (d) 3.33 Newton F=ma
object to bring it into motion? Ans. (a) Acceleration = velocity change time A= F/m = 20/10 = 2 m/s2
(RRB Group-D 10-10-2018 (Shift-ll) a = (v – u)/1 = (6 – 4)/3 = 2/3 m /s2 24. Force _________. (RRB Group-D 28-11-
(a) pressure (b) force
Force = Mass × Acceleration 2018, RRB Group-D 04-10-2018)
(c) friction (d) inertia
F= 8 ×2/3  F = 16/3
3 (a) Mass acceleration
Ans: (b) Pushing (repulsion) or pulling
F= 5.33N (b) Mass x volume
(attraction) an object to bring it into
motion is called force. 19. The characteristic of ______ used in (c) Mass pressure
15. What is the force applied by a solid the breaking pads of cars. (RRB ALP (d) Mass velocity
surface on any object in the normal Tier-1 14 Aug 2018 3rd shift)
Ans: (a) Mass acceleration
direction called? (a) positive effect of friction
25. Which of the following statements
(RRB Group-D 01-12-2018 (Shift-II) (b) zero effect of friction will be applicable when an object of
(a) normal force (b) friction force (c) weight impulse force tension action 10 kg mass capable of free to move
(c) contact force (d) field force (d) negative effect of friction can exert a force of 10 Newton? (RRB
Ans: (a) Force is that external factor which ALP & Tec. (29-08-18 )
Answer (a) positive effect of friction
changes or attempts to change the (a) The body will move at a speed of
state of rest or motion of an object. 20. What will be the force of attraction
1m/s
The force applied by a solid surface between two bodies weighing 20 kg
and 50 kg, respectively, with a (b) The will accelerate with an
on any object in the normal direction
distance of 2 metre between them? acceleration of 10ms-²
is called normal force.
(RRB ALP Tier I 17 Aug 2018 1st shift) (c) The will accelerate with an
16. An example of stretching is-
(a) 16.67 x 55 N (b) 6.67 x 10 N acceleration of 1ms-²
(RRB Group-D 27-11-2018 (Shift-III)
(c) 16.675 x 10 N (d) 166.75×10-10 N (d) The body will move at a speed of
(a) hoisting the flag
1 km/s
(b) opening the door Answer (d) 166.75×10-10 N
Ans: (c) The will accelerate with an
(c) lifting the curtain 21. What will be the acceleration
acceleration of 1ms-²
produced when a force of 21 N is
(d) push the boy 26. Which of the following is never alone
applied on an object of
Ans. (a) Pull is a type of force, which brings in nature? (RRB ALP & Tec. (09-08-18)
an object closer to the subject. Like (a) 0.7 m/s2 (b) 0.007m/s2
(a) inertia (b) force
hoisting the flag, gravity etc. (c) 7 m/s2 (d) 70 m/s2
(c) momentum (d) velocity
17. A force of 20 N is applied to an object Answer (c) 7m/s2
and it moves with an acceleration of 2m/ Ans: (b) Force
Acceleration = Force / mass = 21/3 =
sec2. Calculate the mass of the object. 27. Which of the following is the effect
7m/s2
(RRB Group-D 28-11-2018 (Shift-I) of balanced force applied on an
22. Which of the following physical
(a) 200 kg (b) 40 kg object? (RRB Group-D 04-12-2018)
quantities changes or tends to change
(c) 20 kg (d) 10 kg the state of rest or of uniform motion (a) Change in shape of an object
Ans: (d) Force (F) = 20 N of a body in a straight line? (RRB ALP (b) Change in steady state of an object
Tier-1 21 Aug 2018 2nd shift) (c) Change in the direction of speed
Acceleration (a) = 2 m/sec²
Mass (m) = ? (a) Mass (b) Force of an object

F = ma (c) Momentum (d) Inertia (d) Change in the speed of an object

20 = m × 2 = 10kg Answer (b) Force Ans: (a) Change in shape of an object

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 24 Railway General Science

28. All forces have: (RRB Group-D 27-11- (c) Used in uneven and opposite (a) 32 N (b) 0 N
2018) directions
(c) 2 N (d) 8 N
(a) Both magnitude and direction (d) Are separate forces
Answer:(b) 0 N
(b) Density Ans: (a) Used in the same and opposite
directions 40. Which principle is followed in this
(c) Direction
34. If a person exerts a force of 500 N take off of the rocket? (NCERT)
(d) Magnitude
against a wall, what is the (a) Moment of inertia
Ans. (a) Both magnitude and direction corresponding reaction force applied
(b) Conservation of momentum
29. What is the force exerted on any by the wall? (NCERT)
object by a solid surface in the (a) 500 N. (c) Newton’s third law of motion
normal direction? (RRB Group-D 01- (d) Newton’s law of gravitation
(b) 0 N.
12-2018)
(c) It depends on the mass of the wall. Answer: (b) Conservation of momentum
(a) Normal force (b) F r i c t i o n a l
force (d) None of the above. 41. The gravitational force between two
Answer: b) 0 N. bodies does not depend on. (NCERT)
(c) Contact force (d) Field force
35. What is the precise mathematical (a) their masses
Ans: (a) Normal force
expression representing the second
30. In which of the following situations (b) their separation
law of motion? (NCERT)
is the work done by negative force? (c) the product of their masses
(a) F = m × a. b) F = m / a.
(RRB Group-D 01-12-2018)
(c) F = m + a. (d) F = m – a. (d) the medium between two bodies
(a) When an object moves in a
direction perpendicular to the Answer: (a) F = m × a. Answer: (d) the medium between the two
direction of force 36. As per the second law of motion, what bodies
(b) When the object moves at an parameter is directly linked to the 42. Weightlessness experienced while
acceleration of an object? (NCERT)
angle in the Direction of force. orbiting the earth in spaceship, is the
(a) Its mass.
(c) When an object moves in the result of: (NCERT)
opposite direction of force (b) Its inertia.
(a) zero gravity
(d) When an object moves in the (c) The applied force.
(b) centre of gravity
direction of force (d) None of the above.
Answer: (c) The applied force (c) inertia
Ans: (c) When an object moves in the
opposite direction of force 37. What is the value of the escape (d) acceleration
31. The force of gravity acting on an velocity of earth? (NCERT) Answer: (d) acceleration
object is known as_______. (RRB (a) 9.8 km/sec (b) 10 km/sec
43. Objects fall towards the Earth due to:
Group-D 17-09-2018) (c) 11.2 km/sec (d) 12 km/sec (NCERT)
(a) mass (c) impulse Answer: (c) 11.2 km/sec
(a) Mass (b) Weight
(b) acceleration (d) weight 38. According to the fundamental law of
motion, an object persists in its state (c) Gravity (d) Buoyancy
Ans: (d) weight
of rest or uniform motion unless Answer: (c) Gravity
32. When two equal forces are acting on
influenced by what? (NCERT)
a body and in the opposite direction, 44. Weight is: (NCERT)
the force acting on the body (a) Unbalanced forces
(a) The amount of matter in an object
becomes- (RRB Group-D 28-09-2018) (b) Balanced forces
(b) The force exerted on an object
(a) Two times (b) Zero (c) Frictional forces
due to gravity
(c) Four times (d) Three times (d) Gravitational forces
Answer: (a) Unbalanced forces (c) The same as mass
Ans: (b) Zero
39. An object of mass 2 kg is sliding with (d) The force exerted on an object
33. Force between two bodies, always...
a constant velocity of 4 m/s on a due to buoyancy
(a) Used in the same and opposite
friction less horizontal table. The force Answer: (b) The force exerted on an object
directions
required to keep the object moving
(b) Used in same direction due to gravity
with the same velocity is: (NCERT)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 25 Railway General Science

 14
Periodic Table

PERIODIC TABLE • The modern periodic table is based • Modern periodic laws were put
on Ans : atomic number forward by Ans : Moseley
• An arrangement of elements with
similar properties placed together is • Modern periodic table contains • The scientist who classified elements
Ans : 7 horizontal rows and 18 vertical based on Atomic Values is
called Ans : Periodic Table
columns Ans : Lothar Meyer
• Mendeleev’s periodic table was
based on • The periodic table was discovered by • The rows are called Ans : Periods
Ans : Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev • Columns are called Ans : Groups
Ans : increasing order of atomic mass
• Modern periodic table was • The left side of the periodic table
• Moseley’s periodic table was based discovered by Ans : Henry Moseley denotes Ans : Metals
on the
• Periodic laws were put forward by • The right side of the periodic table
Ans : atomic number of elements Ans : Mendeleev denotes Ans : Non-metals

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 91 Railway General Science

 ELEMENTS SCIENTISTS • Most abundant compound in sea • 16th group - Oxygen family
• Hydrogen Henry Cavendish water - Sodium Chloride • 17th group - Halogen
• Oxygen Joseph Priestly • Second most abundant compound in • 18th group - Noble gas
sea water - Magnesium Chloride
• Selenium Berzelius • The first artificial element
• Most chemically reactive element
• Thorium Berzelius Ans : Technetium (Z = 43)
- Fluorine
• Calcium Humphry Davy • Man made elements are known as
• Second most chemically reactive
• Sodium Humphry Davy Ans : Transuranics
element - Chlorine
• Potassium Humphry Davy CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIODIC TABLE
• The lightest and simplest element
• Boron Humphry Davy Features Top to bottom Left to right
- Hydrogen
• Barium Humphry Davy • Atomic size - increases - decreases
• The lightest metal - Lithium
• Uranium Martin Klaproth • Ionization Energy - decreases -
• The rarest element in the earth
• Radium Madam Curie increases
- Astatine
• Nitrogen Daniel Rutherford • Electron affinity - decreases -
• The heaviest element - Osmium
• Fluorine Henri Moissan increases
• The heaviest gaseous element
• Iodine Bernard Courtois • Ionization potential - decreases -
- Radon increases
• Chlorine Carl Wilhelm Scheele
• First man made element- Technetium
• BHC Michael Faraday Some Important Facts
• Most stable element - Lead
• Methane Alexander Volta • John Alexander Newland develop the
• The periodic table is divided into 4 Octave rule in the year 1865.
• Titanium William Gregor main blocks
• Newland prepared a table in
• Aluminium Hans Orsted • S block - elements of group 1 and 2 Cobalt(27) and Nickel(28) were placed
• Nitrous Oxide Joseph Priestly • P block - elements of group 13 to 18 in the category of Halogen element.
• DDT Paul Muller • D block - elements of group 3 to 12 • "Thorium" elements was the Last
• Most abundant element on earth’s • F block - Lanthanides and Actinides element in Newlands law's of octaves.
crust - Oxygen • According to Newlands law of
• The shortest period of the periodic
• Most abundant metal in earth’s crust table Ans : First period octaves 56 element is exist in nature.
- Aluminium • The longest period of the periodic • Newland discovered that properties
• Most abundant metalloid in earth’s table Ans : Sixth period of every eighth element are the same
crust - Silicon as the first element.(sa re ga ma pa
• Elements with atomic number 57-71
• Most abundant element in dha ni sa)
are known as
atmosphere - Nitrogen • Newlands octave rule applies only
Ans : Lanthanides (rare earths)
• Most abundant element in the upto the Calcium(Ca) element.
• Elements with atomic number 89-103
universe - Hydrogen are known as • Dobereiner, Newlands and Mendeleev
• Most abundant element in human classification was based on? Ans :
Ans : Actinides (radio active rare Atomic mass.
body - Oxygen earths)
• Most abundant gas in atmosphere • John Dobereiner divided the elements
• Total number of elements in periodic
into groups of THREE based on their
- Nitrogen table Ans : 118
properties.
• Most abundant element in sea water • The number of naturally occurring
1. This group are called Triacs or
- Chlorine elements Ans : 94
Triads.
• Most abundant element in moon’s CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS
2. Li Na K represent a Dobereiner Triads.
surface - Titanium • 1st group -Alkali metals
3. Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony
• Most abundant metal present in • 2nd group - Alkaline earth metals are Triplet.
human body and bones - Calcium
• 3-12 group -Transition elements • The Periodic table was invented by
• Most abundant metal compound in
• 13th group -Boron family Dmitry Mendeleev in 1869 Ad.
bones - Calcium phosphate
• 14th group - Carbon family • He divided the periodic table into 9
• Most abundant compound on earth’s
• 15th group - Nitrogen family groups and 7 periods.
surface - Water (H2O)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 92 Railway General Science

• Mendeleev periodic table elements • Second periods has represent Highest • Which of the element has valency 3?
were arranged on basis of increasing number of non metal in modern – Al (RRC Group D 30 Aug 2022 1st
atomic mass. Periodic table. shift)
• 63 elements were known when • 56 Atomic number belongs to S - block. • Oxygen has ____ electrons in its
Mendeleev begin his work. • 57 Atomic number belongs to d - block. outermost shell. - 6 (RRC Group D 30
• Mendeleev first scientist to make Aug 2022 3rd shift)
• Lanthanides and Actinides are f -
periodic table of elements. block element. • How many electrons are present in
• In Mendeleev periodic table the • Fluorine is the first element of group an L-Shell of a carbon atom? – 4 (RRC
vertical column is called Groups. 17 in Modern Periodic table. Group D 30 Aug 2022 3rd shift)
• Mendeleev periodic table was • As we move down the group, the
• Californium is a member of Actinium
published in a "German Magazine" Tendency for formation of alkaline
group.
in the year of 1872. oxides is_____. – Decrease (RRC Group
• 57 Atomic number of Lanthanum.
• The classification of elements in the D 01 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
Modern periodic table is based on? • 58 Atomic number of Cerium.
• Mendeleev’s periodic table examined
Ans :Atomic Numbers. • 89 Atomic number of Actinium. the relationship between the atomic
• Modern Periodic table elements • Lithium,sodium and potassium have mass of elements and their_____. -
arrange in increasing order of their in common is they have one electron physical and chemical properties (RRC
atomic numbers. in their Outermost shell. Group D 01 Sep 2022 3rd shift)
• Modern Periodic table presented by • Only Non metal present on the left in • An element belongs to period 2 and
Henry Moseley in 1913. the Modern periodic table is Hydrogen. group 2 the number of valence
• 18 Groups and 7 Periods tools exist • 58 to 71 are called Lanthanoids. electrons in the atoms of this element
in the Modern periodic table. is_____. - 2 (RRC Group D 05 Sep 2022
• 13 and 31 elements belonging to the
• Fast element of the modern Periodic 2nd shift)
same group in Modern Periodic table.
table is Hydrogen. • Newlands Law of Octaves worked well
• Rubidium is the the very metallic
• Hydrogen and Helium is placed in with_____. - Lighter elements only
element of 5th period in Modern
First period. Periodic table. (RRC Group D 09 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
• First Metal element in the Modern • In Modern Periodic table period 1 • The elements having at number 15,
periodic table is Lithium. does not include Metals. 16, 17, and 18 respectively are_____.
• Modern Periodic table Noble Gases - P,S,Cl and Ar (RRC Group D 09 Sep
• 4 and 5 priods has two Metalloid.
are placed in 18 groups (zero group). 2022 3rd shift)
• In Modern Periodic table Zig-Zag line
• Modern Periodic table Inert Gases • Which shell of the nitrogen atom
separate Metals from Nonmetals.
are placed in 18 group. participates in forming N2 molecule?
• Phosphorus is Tetratomic element – L (RRC Group D 12 Sep 2022 2nd
• Modern Periodic table Halogens are discovered by Henningbrand in 1969. shift)
placed in 17 groups.
• 2nd and 3rd period has 8 elements • In Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, in
• First group represent Alkali Metals
each. Which position are the formulae
in Modern Periodic table.
Important One Liner Questions hydrides and oxides of elements
• Second group represent Alkali Earth written? - Top (RRC Group D 12 Sep
Metal in Modern Periodic table. • At present,_____ elements are known,
of which _____ are occurring 2022 3rd shift)
• In Modern Periodic table Metal are
elements. - 118, 94 (RRC Group D 23 • In which year was Mendeleev’s
placed on the Left side.
Aug 2022 2nd shift) Periodic Table published in a German
• Noble gases are the Minimum Journal? - 1872 (RRC Group D 16 Sep
• The atomic size ____ moving from left
Reactive element of the Modern 2022 1st shift)
to right and ______ moving from up
periodic table.
to down in the periodic table. - • In the early days, classification of
• Lithium element has atomic number? Decreases, Increases. (RRC Group D elements was attempted according to
-3. 25 Aug 2022 3rd shift) their____. - Properties (RRC Group D
• The 6th period of the Modern periodic • What is the order of K. L. and M shells 16 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
table content 32 Elements. in terms of the total number of • Which metal has an electronic
• Horizontal rows in a Periodic table Electrons? - M>L>K (RRC Group D 24 configuration 2, 8, 4? - Si (RRC Group
called period. Aug 2022 1st shift) D 18 Sep 2022 2nd shift)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 93 Railway General Science

• The element in the modem periodic • The position of an element in the • According to Mendeleev’s periodic
table has an electronic configuration periodic table is determined by table, like halogens, hydrogen also
2. & 8. The element is placed in ______ Number. - Proton (RRB NTPC exists in the form of_____- diatomic
the_____. – 18th Group (RRC Group D CBT 21 March 2021 1st shift) molecule (RRB Group-D-22 /09/202)
26 Sep 2022 3rd shift)
• The horizontal row of the periodic • According to Mendeleev, the
• Which elements show similar table is called the _______. – Period properties of elements are periodic
valency as that of silicon? - C and Ge functions of their atomic mass ( RRB
(RRB JE 23 May 2019 2nd shift)
(RRC Group D 26 Sep 2022 3rd shift) ALP Tech. 2018 RRB Group D 2018
• Based on periodic trends in ionization
• According to Newland’s law of RRB JE 2019. RRB Group D 09/09/
energy, which element has the highest
octaves, how many elements are 2022,RRB Group D 18/08/2022 ,RRB
present in between Potassium and ionization energy? – Helium (RRB JE
Group-D-07/10/2022 )
Copper? – 7 (RRC Group D 28 Sep 2022 24 May 2019 2nd shift)
• To study the chemical properties of
2nd shift) • In a period, elements are arranged in elements, Mendeleev focused on the
• Elements were classified on the basis the order of ______. - Increasing compounds formed from which two
of their_____. - Different physical as charges in the nucleus (RRB JE 25 May elements – H and O (RRB Group-D-
well different Chemical properties 2019 1st shift) 24/08/2022)
(RRC Group D 29 Sep 2022 1st shift) • Non-metals like sulphur and chlorine • At the time of discovery of
• What is the atomic number and are found on the_______ of the Mendeleev’s periodic table, which
valency of sulphur, respectively? – 16 periodic table. – Left Hand Side (RRB element group was not discovered -
& 2 (RRC Group D 07 Oct 2022 1st JE 25 May 2019 2nd shift) Noble gases (RRB Group-D- 20/09/
shift) 2022)
• Na, Mg, Al, Si,P,S, Cl and Ar belong to
• Name the element which has an the ______ period of the modern • In Mendeleev’s periodic table, at which
electronic configuration of 2, 8, 7. –
periodic table. – Third (RRB JE 26 May place are the formulas of hydrides and
Chlorine (RRB NTPC CBT-1 07 Jan
2019 2nd shift) oxides of elements written -above (RRB
2021 1st shift)
• As we move down a group of the Group-D-12/09/2022)
• The symbol used for Magnesium is
Periodic table, the electron • Which elements were named by
_____. – Mg (RRB NTPC CBT-1 11 Jan
2021 3rd shift) affinity____. – Decrease (RRB JE 27 Mendeleev by adding the word ‘Eka’
May 2019 1st shift) before the names of their predecessor
• Each element has a name and _____.
• In periodic table, valence Electrons elements in the same group –
- A unique chemical symbol (RRB
are indicated by _______. – Group Scandium, Gallium and Germanium
NTPC CBT-1 11 Jan 2021 3rd shift)
Number (RRB JE 29 May 2019 1st (RRB Group-D-26/08/2022)
• What is the Chemical symbol of Lead?
– Pb (RRB NTPC CBT-1 27 Jan 2021 shift) • What was considered as the
3rd shift) • The 14 elements after actinium are limitation of Mendeleev’s periodic
called _____. - Actinides (RRB JE 31 table - Hydrogen’s similarity with
• The number of valence electrons in a
alkali metals as well as halogens and
graphite atom is ____. – Four (RRB May 2019 3rd shift)
hydrogen was not given any specific
NTPC CST-1 31 Jan 2021 1st shift) • Elements of the second period are place (RRB Group-D – 24/8/2022))
• How many neutrons are present in known as _____. - Bridge elements
protium? – 0 (RRB NTPC CBT-1 01 Feb • Which group of the modern periodic
(RRB JE 31 May 2019 1st shift)
2021 3rd shift) table is not mentioned in Mendeleev’s
• In periodic table, Aluminum is periodic table - Noble Gas Group (RRB
• Valence electrons are present in the Diagonally related to_____. - Group-D-08/09/2022))
_____. - Outermost shell of an atom Beryllium (RRB JE 27 June 2019 1st
(RRB NTPC CBT-1 04 Feb 2021 1st • Mendeleev’s periodic law could not
shift)
shift) explain the position of ______ in the
• According to Newlands Law of periodic table - Isotopes (RRB Group-
• What is the atomicity of Phosphorus?
Octaves, how many elements exist in D-06/10/2022)
- Tetra-atomic (RRB NTPC CBT-1 09
Feb 2021 3rd shift) Nature? - 56 (RRB ALP Tier-1 20 Aug
• In Mendeleev’s periodic table, which
2018 3rd shift)
• Which noble gas is radioactive element is not present in Group VIII
nature? – Radon (RRB NTPC CBT-1 17 Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and the first series of the fourth
Feb 2021 3rd shift) • Using the periodic table of Mendleev, period - Cu
• What is the relative molecular mass select the correct formula for the • Invented the periodic table – Dmitri
of water? – 18 u (RRB NTPC CBT-1 21 oxides of Ba and K – BaO and KO (RRB Mendeleev (RRB NTPC 2016 RRB
March 2021 1st shift) Group-D-06/10/2022) Group-D 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 94 Railway General Science

• According to Mendeleev’s periodic • The statement is correct for the • In Group 2 of the modern periodic
law, the elements were arranged in the elements of the second period – they table, what is the valency of the
periodic table on the basis of ________- do not have the same number of elements - 2 (RRB Group-D-12/09/
increasing atomic masses (RRB JE 2019) valence electrons, but they have the 2022)
• When Mendeleev started his work, same number of shells. (RRB Group-
• Which group represents zero valence
the elements were known – 63 D-12/09/2022)
-18 (RRB Group-D-25/08/2022)
elements (RRB Group-D 2018)
• According to Henry Moseley, which
• In Mendeleev’s periodic table, a gap • What is the total number of elements
property of an element is more
was left for undiscovered elements. known at present - 118 (RRB Group-
fundamental than its mass – Atomic
This element later got a place in the D-15/09/2022)
number (RRB Group D 2018 RRB
periodic table – Ge (RRB Group-D Group-D-22/09/2022) • The modern periodic law is – ‘The
2018 RRB JE 2019) properties of elements are periodic
• In which group of the modern periodic
• The perpendicular columns in functions of their atomic number’.
table have the halogens been placed
Mendeleev’s periodic table are called (RRB Group-D-14/09/2022)
_____. And the horizontal rows are – 17th (RRB Group-D-30/09/2022)
called _____- Group, Period (RRB • Which element does not belong to • Element which belongs to the second
Group-D 2018) Group 11 of the modern periodic group- Be (RRB Group-D-30/09/2022)
• The credit for classifying elements on table – Hg (RRB Group-D-16/09/2022) • Element is a metal- Fe (RRB Group-D-
the basis of their atomic mass goes • In the modern periodic table, Group 28/09/2022)
to Dmitri Mendeleev (RRB Group- D 2 elements are also called _______- • In the modern periodic table,
– 18/9/2022) Alkaline Earth Metals (RRB Group-D- tellurium (atomic number 52) is
• The element could not find a definite 18/09/2022) surrounded by elements with atomic
place in Mendeleev’s periodic table - numbers ______- 34, 51, 53, 84 (RRB
• Modern periodic classification was
Hydrogen (RRB Group-D 2018)
presented by_______- Henry Moseley Group-D-15/09 2022)
• In Mendeleev’s periodic table, the (RRB Group-D-06/09/2022) • In the modern periodic table, the
element _____appears before nickel-
Co (RRB Group-D 2018) • Out of 118 elements of the modern elements are arranged in increasing
periodic table, how many naturally order of atomic number (RRB ALP &
• According to ________, the properties
occurring elements are there – 94 Tec. 2018)
of elements are periodic functions of
(RRB Group-D-06/09/2022) • Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, CI and Ar belong to
their atomic weights – Mendeleev’s
periodic law (RRB Group-D 2018) • Element X has a total of 16 protons _______ period of modern periodic
and 16 neutrons. It belongs table – III (RRB JE 2019)
• Classification of elements inspires
the discovery of new elements – to_______- Third Period and Sixteenth
• Which group of the modern periodic
Madleev’s (RRB GROUP-D 2018) Group (RRB Group-D-06/09/2022)
table contains completely covered
• In Mendeleev’s periodic table, the • In the modern periodic table, valence electrons and chemically
vertical columns are called groups elements present in a group have the inert elements - 18 (RRB Group-D
(RRB Group-D 2018) same number of ______ valence 2018)
electrons (RRB Group-D- 11/10/2022)
• In Mendeleev’s periodic table, • Transition elements are – elements
element groups got a place in the • The electronic configuration of an whose two outermost shells are
table later – Sc, Ga and Ge (RRB Group- atom of an element is 2, 8, 8. Which
incomplete (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
D 2018). group does it belong to- Eighteenth
Group (RRB Group-D- 11/10/2022) • The first metallic element in the
• Mendeleev’s periodic table was
modern periodic table is- Li (RRB ALP
published in a German magazine in • In the modern periodic table, _____
1872. (RRB Group-D 2018,RRB Group & Tec. 2018)
group and______ period are- 18,7
D 2022) (RRB Group D 2018 RRB ALP Tech. • If an element has 12 protons in its
• Element Eka replaces aluminum in 2018 RRB Group-D 25/08/2022) nucleus, then it belongs to group 2
Mendeleev’s periodic table - Gallium (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Group represents metals- Group 2
(RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) (RRB Group-D- 27/09/2022) • Transitions are not a characteristic
Moseley’s Modern Periodic Table of the elements – they are all air. (RRB
• The elements whose atomic numbers
• What is the place of zinc in the are 15, 16, 17 and 18 respectively are Group-D 2018)
modern periodic table – Group 12, _______ – P, S, CI and Ar (RRB Group- • Atomic number of actinides is- 90-
Period 4 (RRB Group-D-07/10/2022) D- 09/09/2022) 103 (RRB Group-D 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 95 Railway General Science

• Alkali metals are placed in the group • In the modern periodic table, there • The most metallic element in the fifth
of modern periodic table – First group are no metalloids included in periods period is Rubidium (RRB Group-D
(RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) ______ and ______ – 1,7 (RRB Group- 2018)
• There has been a statement about the D 2018)
• In the modern periodic table, metals
modern periodic table – It consists of • In the modern periodic table, the are not included in this period – 1
18 vertical columns, which are called basic elements of Group 18 (all RRB Group-D 2018
groups. (RRB JE 2019) having eight electrons in their
• Atomic numbers of Lanthanide series
• In the modern periodic table, metals outermost orbit) are called inert
are in the range – 58-71 (RRB Group-
are placed on the left side (RRB ALP gases (RRB Group-D 2018).
D 2018)
& Tec. 2018) • There is inconsistency regarding the
position of ______ in the modern • An element of atomic number 16 is
• The number of cells in the elements present in the period of the periodic
of the third period is – 3 (RRB ALP & periodic table, as it can be placed in
the first group of the first period and table – 3rd (RRB Group-D 2018)
Tec. 2018)
the 17th group – H. (RRB Group-D 2018) • Inert gas is placed in period 4 of the
• Elements F, Cl, Br, I and Al are periodic table – Kr (RRB Group-D
• Name associated with modern
commonly known as – Halogens (RRB 2018)
periodic table – M.J. Moseley’s (RRB
ALP & Tec. 2018)
Group-D 2018) • In the modern periodic table,
• The noble gas placed in the third
• An element with electronic Gigerjung lines separate metals from
period and eighteenth group of the
configuration of 2, 8, 6 is placed in non-metals (RRB Group-D 2018,RRB
modern periodic table is Argon (RRB
group ______ of the modern periodic ALP & Tec. 2018)
ALP & Tec. 2018)
table – 16 (RRB Group-D 2018) • The element with atomic number 56
• In the modern periodic table, 8
• Non-metals like sulfur and chlorine belongs to the block – s. (RRB Group-
elements are present in two periods
are found in the periodic table – on D 2018)
– 2 and 3 (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018,RRB
the right (RRB JE 2019) • The first element in the periodic table
Group-D 2018)
• This group in the periodic table is also is- Hydrogen (RRB JE 2019)
• Gave form to the modern periodic
known as zero group (Group (0)) • The elements located along with
table, according to which “the physical
– Group 18 (RRB Group-D 2018)
and chemical properties of elements lanthanum in group-3, period-6 are
are periodic functions of their atomic • California is a member of the group called – lanthanoids (RRB Group-D
numbers” – Henry Moseley (RRB NTPC – Actinide (RRB Group-D 2018) 2018)
2016, RRB Group 2018) • Hydrogen and helium have been • The first and second groups of the
• According to classification, the placed in the first period (RRB Group- modern periodic table are called – s
elements in the periodic table are D 2018) – block (RRB Group-D 2018))
arranged according to the increasing • In the fourth period, the atomic • Seventh period – is incomplete with
order of their atomic numbers – In radius of the element is largest 32 elements. (RRB Group-D 2018)
the modern periodic table (RRB – Potassium (RRB Group-D 2018)
Group-D 2018) • Elements of F-block are called inter-
• Atomic number of N is 7, then the transition elements (RRB Group-D
• Modern periodic table was atomic number of the third element 2018)
discovered by – Mozley (RRB JE 2019) of nitrogen family is-33 (RRB Group-
D 2018) • Scientist has no contribution in the
• The least reactive elements of the
creation of modern periodic table
periodic table are – Noble gases (RRB • Liithium, sodium and potassium – Democritus (RRB Group-D 2018)
NTPC 2016) have similarity – they have one
electron in their outermost shell. • Phosphorus is a fourth-atomic
• Atomic number of the element is 3 –
(RRB Group-D 2018) element (RRB Group-D 2018)
Lithium (RRB NTPC 2016)
• The element is present in the sixth • The only non-metal present on the left • The name of that inert gas, which is
period of the modern periodic table side in the modern periodic table is- placed in the first period in the
– 32 (RRB Group-D 2018) Hydrogen. (RRB Group-D 2018) modern periodic table, is – Helium
(RRB Group-D 2018)
• The element with atomic number 57 • The second group of elements is
belongs to – d-block. (RRB Group-D called – Alkaline Earth Metals (RRB • Elements of d-block generally exhibit
2018) Group-D 2018) variable valency (RRB JE 2019)
• In the fourth period of the periodic • Pair of elements with atomic • Elements of d-block are found in
table, elements are present- 18 (RRB numbers belong to the same group – groups 2 to 13 (3- 12) (RRB Group-D
Group-D 2018) 13 and 31 (RRB Group-D 2018) 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 96 Railway General Science

• In the modern periodic table, • You will find the element with • In the modern periodic table, atomic
bromine is in period 4 (RRB Group-D electronic configuration 2, 8, 3 in the size increases as we move down a
2018) modern periodic table – in the third group because – the number of shells
• In the modern periodic table, only period (RRB Group-D 2018) increases. (RRB Group-D- 19/09/2022)
gases in this period are- 1 (RRB • Elements in the same group have • Which of the following elements of
Group-D 2018) similar chemical properties (RRB Group 16 has the most non-metallic
Group-D 2018) properties - 0 (RRB Group-D- 17/08/
• In the modern periodic table…period
2022)
contains Lanthanides and Actinides • If the electronic configuration of an
– 6 and 7 (RRB Group-D 2018) element is 2, 8, 2, then it will belong • Electronegativity is the measure of the
to this period of the modern periodic ability of an atom to attract electrons
• In the modern periodic table,
table – 3 (RRB Group-D 2018) (RRB JE 02.06.2019)
elements with atomic numbers 11 to
18 are stored in which period – 3 (RRB • The electronic configuration of the • Electronegativity of the element is
Group-D 2018) highest – Fluorine (RRB JE 2019)
element belonging to the second
• There are only 7 elements in the period and having strong catenation • Nitrogen has ionization capacity
group of modern periodic table – 1 property will be – 2,4 (RRB Group-D – more than oxygen (RRB JE 2019)
(RRB Group-D 2018) 2018) • Atomic radius of potassium is
• In the modern periodic table, the • The first element of each period has greater than that of sodium (RRB
1 valence electron and the last Group D 2018)
outer shell of elements of ……… group
is complete – 18 (RRB Group-D 2018) element of each period has ______. • Elements of a group have similar
(Except Helium)- 8 valence electrons chemical properties because – They
• Alkali metal groups in the group of
(RRB Group-D 2018) have similar electronic isomerism
atomic numbers ______ are- 37, 19,
(RRB JE 2019)
3, 55 (RRB Group-D 2018) • In both the elements of Ist period,
valence electrons are present in • Non-metallic properties increase in
• The 14 elements after actinium are
_____- K shell (RRB Group-D 2018) the second period – from sodium to
called actinides (RRB Group-D 2018)
chlorine (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
• In the modern periodic table, • The electronic configuration of an
element is 2, 8, 1. It is included in – • In the periodic table, aluminum is
elements with electronic diagonally related to beryllium (RRB
configuration 2,8,1 are placed in Group 1 of the third period (RRB
Group-D 2018) JE 2019)
Group 1 (RRB Group-D 2018).
• The term periodicity means – It is the • The element with highest electron
• The electronic configuration of an affinity among halogens is-CI (RRB
element is 2,8,3. It belongs to ______ repetition of the same properties
ALP & Tec. 2018)
Group- 13 (RRB Group-D 2018) after a fixed interval. (RRB Group-D
2018) • The atomic scale is used to measure
• The electronic configuration of an atomic size (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
element is 2, 8, 2. It is in group 2 in • It is the only non-metal, which is
placed with alkali metals – Hydrogen • Ionization energy of an element
the modern periodic table (RRB
(RRB Group-D 2018) depends on the nuclear charge (RRB
Group-D 2018)
Group-D 2018)
• An element is placed in a period with • In the modern periodic table, Silicon
(Z = 14) is placed between _____ and • The element has high melting point
electronic symmetry of 2, 8, 8, 2. This and boiling point – tungsten (RRB
period in the modern periodic table ______ -Al & P (RRB Group-D 2018)
Group-D 2018)
is- 4 (RRB Group-D 2018) • The element present in the fourth
• The correct order of electrical
• The electronic configuration of an period and second group is – Calcium
resistivity of metals is- Hg > Ni > W >
element is 2,8,6. It belongs to- Group (RRB Group-D 2018)
Ag (RRB Group-D 2018)
16 and Period 3 (RRB Group-D 2018) • The modern periodic table contains
• The least electronegative basic
• Rare earth elements are characterized 18 groups and 7 periods. What is the
element in the first group is- Fr (RRB
by their three outermost shells being atomic number of the element, which
Group-D 2018)
incomplete. (RRB Group-D 2018) is placed in the third group and
fourth period - 21 (RRB Group-D 2018) • While moving from top to bottom in
• An element with electronic a group there is always an increase
configuration 2, 8, 8 is placed in • As we move down the group, the in metallic properties (RRB Group-D
group 18 in the modern periodic table tendency to form alkaline oxides 2018)
(RRB GROUP-D 2018) _____ - increases (RRB Group-D- 01/
• To remove an electron from the
09/2022)
• Elements present in the third period outermost orbital or shell of a neutral
have classes- K, L. and M (RRB Group- • The element most metallic in nature gaseous atom, ionization energy is
D 2018) is – Cs (RRB Group-D- 15/09/2022) required (RRB Group-D 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 97 Railway General Science

• In a group, the number of valence • This element of the first group has • Newlands adjusted two elements in
electrons remains the same. (RRB the lowest ionization energy – the same slot, but also put some
Group-D 2018) Francium (RRB Group-D 2018) elements with different properties
• There is an increase in the atomic • In both the first and seventh groups under same place, e.g. Co and Ni are
radius in a group due to the of the modern periodic table, this in the same slot and these do not
continuous increase in it – Electron resemble with F, Cl, Br. Iron resembles
property increases with increase in
Shell (RRB Group-D 2018) with Co and Ni but it is places far
atomic number – Atomic Size (RRB
away
• The correct increasing order of Group-D 2018)
acidity of the oxide of Mn is – MnO < • Mendeleev classified all the 63
• The group of elements which shows
MnO2 < Mn2O7 (RRB Group-D 2018) elements discovered in 1871 in the
the correct order of first ionization
Mendeleev’s periodic table based on
• The correct order of atomic sizes of potential – Be > Mg > Ca (RRB Group-
increasing order of their atomic mass
O, S and Se elements is -Se > S > 0 D 2018)
and formula of their hydrides and
(RRB Group-D 2018) • In the modern periodic table, the oxides.
• Ionization potential of nitrogen is metallic property of the element
• Mendeleev’s Periodic Law: Properties
higher than that of oxygen – due to changes - the metallic property
of elements are periodic function of
additional stability of half filled p- decreases while moving from left to their atomic masses.
orbitals (RRB Group-D 2018) right in the period but increases while
moving from top to bottom in the • Mendeleev’s Periodic Table: He
• One factor affecting the ionization arranged elements on the basis of
group (RRB Group-D 2018).
capacity of an element is atomic size atomic mass and similarity in
(RRB Group-D 2018). • The atomic numbers of the four basic chemical properties (formula of
• Atomic size decreases while going elements of a period are 11, 13, 16 oxides and hydrides)
from sodium to chlorine (RRB Group- and 17. The atomic number of the
most metallic element in the modern • Mendeleev’s periodic table contains
D 2018). 8 groups and 6 periods.
periodic table will be - 11 (RRB Group-
• The element has high ionization D 2018) • Each group has been subdivided into
energy – He (RRB Group-D 2018) A or B, except Group VIII.
• Which of the following elements has
• The order of first ionization potential relatively higher tendency to accept • Group 8 consist of three elements in
in Na, Mg, Al and Si is – Ng < Mg > AI electrons - Fluorine (RRB Group-D 06/ each in each row, total 9 elements
< SI (RRB Group-D 2018) 10/2022) • Hydrogen was kept in Group 1. It was
• The periodic characteristic related to • Periodic Table: It is table in which the only element in the first period.
the characteristics of elements is not elements are classified on the basis • Second period had Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F.
– neutron-proton ratio (RRB Group- of similarity in properties.
D 2018) • Third period has Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl.
Classification is essential so that
• The largest electron affinity is – CI properties of elements can be studied • In group I, in the 4th, 5th, 6th period,
(RRB Group-D 2018) conveniently. Cu, Ag, Au were placed in Group I B
along with K, Rb, Cs in Group IA.
• Electronegativity decreases while • The first attempt of classification
going from fluorine to fluorine, • Mendeleev kept on modifying his
was done by Doberenier, group of
bromine and then iodine (RRB Group- periodic table till isotopes were
three elements called triads. He could
D 2018). discovered. After the discovery of
not classify all the elements
isotopes, the basis of his periodic
• If the atomic number of an element is discovered at that time.
table was rejected. ü Modern
20, then its chemical properties will • Newlands arranged elements in the periodic table (long form of periodic
be similar to this element -Be (4) (RRB increasing order of their atomic table) could overcome most of the
Group-D 2018) masses. found that every 8th element shortcomings of Mendeleev’s
• In the modern periodic table, the resembles with the first like in music, periodic table.
maximum number of non-metals in every note is same as first. He could
• The horizontal rows of periodic table
this period is – 2 (RRB Group-D 2018) not classify all the elements.
are called periods. There are 7
• The relative tendency of an atom to • It was found that Newlands law of periods in modern periodic table.
attract electrons when bound to the octaves was applicable only up to
• The vertical columns of periodic table
atom of another element is called calcium. It worked well only with light.
are called groups. There are 18 groups
electronegativity (RRB Group-D 2018). • It was assumed by Newlands that in the long form of periodic table.
• In the third period of the periodic only 56 elements existed in nature.
• The elements show periodicity, i.e.
table, the element with smallest size But many elements were discovered
repetition of similar properties after
is-Ar (RRB Group-D 2018) later, whose properties did not fit
a definite interval.
into law of octaves.

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 98 Railway General Science

• The similar elements are arranged in • Tendency to gain electrons decreases • Elements can go from metal to non-
a group. down the group. metal in period. Silicon is a
• The heavy zig-zag line separates • Tendency to gain electrons increases metalloid.
metals from non-metals, with non along a period, from left to right. • Melting and boiling points rise to the
metals to the right (except for • Metallic character increases down middle of the period, then fall to very
hydrogen) and metals on the left and the group. low values on the right.
middle. • Metallic character decreases along • Oxides of metals are basic, while
• Metalloids which resemble metals as a period, from left to right. oxides of non-metal are acidic.
well as non-metals are on the border • Non-metallic character increases Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide. Some
line of metals and non-metals along a period, from left to right. non-metalic oxides are neutral e.g.
arranged in zig-zag manner NO, CO, N2O.
• Non-Metallic character decreases
• There are 118 elements discovered down the group. ü Group 18 elements • Reactivity decreases along metals in
so far, which groups and 7 periods. have a very stable electronic a period, then increases across non-
• First period has 2, second and third configuration in their outermost shell. metals. Noble Gases are less reactive.
period have 8, fourth and fifth period Their valency is zero because they do Previous Year Questions
have 18 sixth and 7th period have 32 not lose/gain electrons. This makes
them unreactive. 1. As atomic number____ nuclear charge
elements. ____ and the force of attraction between
• Group 1 elements are called alkali • Elements of 1st period have electrons nucleus and valence electrons ___
metals, Group 2 are alkaline earth in one shell only, 2nd period has 2
hence, atomic radii____ from Li to F.
metals, Group 13-Boron family, only, 2nd period has 2 shells (orbits),
(RRC Group D. 17 Aug 2022 1st shift)
Group 14 Group 16-oxygen family, 3rd period has 3 shells (K, L,M), 4th
period has 4 shells (K, L, M, N) and so (a) Increases, decreases, decreases,
Group 17 called transition metals. Increases
on.
• Group 3 to Group 12 elements are (b) Increases, increases, increases.
• Over 80% of the elements are metals
called Transition elements. Decreases
are remaining are non-metals. ü
• Elements with atomic numbers 58 to Hydrogen is a non-metals but kept in (c) decreases, decreases, decreases,
71 are called lanthanoids, kept at the Group 1 because It forms H+ ion like increases
bottom of the periodic table, below alkali metals (Group 1 elements).
lanthanoids. (d) Increases, increases, decreases,
• The elements after Uranium (92) are decreases
• Elements with atomic numbers 90 to man-made or synthetic elements.
103 are called actinoids, kept at the Tc(43) and Pm(61) are also man-made Ans: (b) Increases, increases, increases.
last row in the periodic table, below elements. Decreases
lanthanoids. • Across a period, there is change from 2. Which factors led the scientists to
• Atomic size goes on increasing down metal to non-metal e.g. in 3rd period classify the elements? (RRC Group D
the group whereas goes on decreasing Na, Mg, Al are metals Si is metalloid, 17 Aug 2022 2nd shift)
along the period from left to right. P, S, Cl, Ar are nonmetals. (1) Different methods of synthesis of
• Properties of elements depend upon • Group 1 metals are most reactive elements
the number of valence electrons. because they can lose electrones (2) Various sources of element
easily to from positive ions.
• In a group, all the elements have the (3) Different properties of elements
same number of valance electrones • Group 17 elements (non-metals) are
most reactive,because they can give (a) 3 only (b) 2 only
i.e. same valency.
electron easily to become stable and (c) 1, 2, 3 (d) 1 only
• Valency is equal to the number of form negative ions. Ans: (c) I, ii, iii
valence electrones or 8-number of
• Metals are good reducing agents, 3. Which of the following has the
valence electrons.
because they can lose electrones. ü maximum non-metallic characters in
• Valency is number of electrons lost Non-metals are good oxidising agents, group 16 elements? (RRC Group D 17
or gained or shared by atoms of because they can gain electrones easil
Aug 2022 3rd shift)
elements, so as to become stable like
• Cations are positively charged
noble gases. (a) Po (b) Se
whereas anions are negatively
• Valency in a period first increases till charged. (c) S (d) O
middle, then decreases. Tendency to lose Ans: (d) O (Oxygen)
• Elements having 1, 2 or 3 valence
electrons increases down the group.
electrons are mostly metals. Those 4. Which of the following is the most
• Tendency to lose electrons decreases elements having 4 to 8 electrons are electropositive element? (RRC Group
along a period, from left to right. non-metals D 18 Aug 2022 2nd shift)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 99 Railway General Science

 (a) Cs (b) Ca Ans: (b) Both statements are incorrect. (b) He was able to predict the
(c) Na (d) Mg 10. At present,_____ elements are known, Properties of some missing
of which _____ are occurring elements, which were discovered
Ans: (a) Cs later.
elements. (RRC Group D 23 Aug 2022
5. Which of the following has the largest (c) He arranged the elements on the
2nd shift)
atomic radius? (RRC Group D 18 Aug basis of both physical and
2022 3rd shift) (a) 118,92 (b) 114, 94
Chemical properties.
(a) Fluorine (b) Iodine (c) 114, 92 (d) 118, 94
(d) Correct position of the isotopes.
(c) Chlorine (d) Oxygen Ans: (d) 118, 94
Ans: (d) Correct position of the isotopes
Ans: (b) Iodine 11. Four different elements and the
atomic numbers are given: A (9) B (11) 15. Consider the statements given below,
6. Elements of which of the following C (19) and D (37). With reference to and choose the correct answer. (RRC
groups have the tendency to form the positions in the periodic table Group D 26 Aug 2022 3rd shift)
acidic oxide? (RRC Group D 22 Aug choose the odd one out from these. Statement I- Atomic radius increases
2022 1st shift) (RRC Group D 23 Aug 2022 3rd shift) on moving from left to right in a period.
(a) 2 (b) 1 (a) D (b) Â Statement II- Nuclear charge
(c) 16 (d) 13 increases on moving from left to right
(c) A (d) C
Ans: (c) 16 in a period.
Ans: (c) A
(a) Both the statements are correct
7. What is the correct order of elements 12. A whose position in the modem Statement Il is the correct
according to their valence shell Periodic table is inconsistent on the explanation of Statement I
electrons? (RRC Group D 22 Aug 2022 basis of its properties. Its electronic
2nd shift) (b) Only statement I is correct
configuration is similar to that of the
(a) Li>O>C>F (b) F>O>C>Li alkali metals, but it exists as diatomic (c) Both the statements are correct
molecules. B is the element that comes Statement I is the correct
(c) Ne>N>F>Be (d) B>C>O>F
Immediately after sodium in the tad explanation of Statement II
Ans: (a) Li>O>C>F
period, and belongs to group in the (d) Only statement II is correct
8. Which of the following triads is not modern periodic table. Identify A, B and Ans: (d) Only statement II is correct
a Dobereiner’s triad? (RRC Group D C (RRC Group D 24 Aug 2022 1st shift)
22 Aug 2022 3rd shift) 16. Which statement is correct for the
(a) A=Hydrogen, B = Mg, C=2 elements of the second period? (RRC
(i) Li, Na, K (ii) N, P, Sb (b) A=Lithium, B=K,C=1 Group D 12 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
(iii) Ca, Sr, Ba (iv) Cl, Br, I (c) A=Lanthanoids, B=Ne, C=3 (a) They have the same number of
(a) Only ii (b) Only I (d) A=Helium, B=AI, C=13 Valence electrons and they also
(c) Only iii (d) ‘Only iv contain the same number of
Ans: (a) A Hydrogen, B = Mg, C=2
shells
Ans: (c) Only iii 13. The atomic size ____ moving from left
(b) They do not have the same number
9. Consider the statements below and to right and ______ moving from up
of valence electrons, but they
identify the correct answer. (RRC to down in the periodic table. (RRC
contain the same number of shells.
Group D 23 Aug 2022 1st shift) Group D 25 Aug 2022 3rd shift)
(c) They have the same number of
Statement I- Among chemical (a) Increases, Increases valence electrons, but they do not
properties, mendleev concentrated (b) Decreases, Increases contain the same number of
on the compounds formed by shells.
(c) Decreases, Decreases
elements with carbon and hydrogen.
(d) Increases, Decreases (d) They do not have the same number
Statement II- He selected these of valence electrons and they do
Elements as they are less reactive and Ans: (b) Decreases, Increases.
not contain the same number of
formed compounds with few elements. 14. Which of the following is not a shells.
(a) Statement II is correct, Statement Mendeleev’s periodic Feature of
Ans: (b) They do not have the same number
I is Incorrect Classification? (RRC Group D 26 Aug
of valence electrons, but they contain
2022 2nd shift)
(b) Both statements are incorrect. the same number of shells
(a) He arranged the elements in the
(c) Both statements are correct. 17. There are four elements P,Q,R and S
Form of groups and periods in a
(d) Statement I is correct, Statement Tabular form. and their atomic numbers are 2,6,13
II is incorrect. and 18 respectively. Which of the

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 100 Railway General Science

 following pairs has elements having (c) Remains constant 28. Select the incorrect statements from
similar valency? (RRC Group D 24 Aug (d) First increases, then decreases among the following. (RRC Group D
2022 2nd shift) 05 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
Ans: (b) Increases
(a) R and S (b) P and Q (a) When Mendeleev started his work
23. Which of the following is the most
(c) O and S (d) P and S electronegative element? (RRC Group on the periodic table, 63 elements
D 01 Sep 2022 3rd shift) were known
Ans: (d) P and S
(a) CI (b) S (b) Mendeleev concentrated on the
18. Which of the following elements has
compounds formed by elements
valency 3? (RRC Group D 30 Aug 2022 (c) Al (d) Mg
with oxygen and hydrogen
1st shift) Ans: (a) CI
(a) S (b) C (c) Mendeleev examined the
24. Which shell of the nitrogen atom
relationship between the atomic
(c) Mg (d) Al participates in forming N2 molecule?
numbers of the elements
Ans: (d) Al (RRC Group D 12 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
(d) Mendeleev examined the
(a) M (b) N
19. Which of the following was the main relationship between the physical
defect of Dobereiner’s triad? (RRC (c) K (d) L and chemical properties of the
Group D 30 Aug 2022 2nd shift) Ans: (d) L elements.
(a) He arranged the three elements 25. Which of the following properties is Ans: (c) Mendeleev examined the
according to their increasing not governed by the position of relationship between the atomic
atomic masses elements in the Periodic Table? (RRC numbers of the elements
(b) He was unable to form more than Group D 02 Sep 2022 1st shift)
29. An element belongs to period 2 and
three triplets of elements (a) Atomic size
group 2 the number of valence
(c) He found some periodicity in the (b) Valency electrons in the atoms of this element
Properties of triples (c) Electrons present in outermost shell is_____. (RRC Group D 05 Sep 2022
(d) There are some similarities in the (d) Colour of element 2nd shift)
properties of the elements of the Ans: (d) Colour of element (a) 1 (b) 3
triad (c) 2 (d) 4
26. Which of the following elements has
Ans: (b) He was unable to form more than the highest effective nuclear charge? Ans: (c) 2
three triplets of elements. (RRC Group D 02 Sep 2022 1st shift)
30. The triad of group 2 metals consists
20. Oxygen has ____ electrons in its (a) F (b) Li of which of the following elements?
outermost shell. (RRC Group D 30 Aug (c) B (d) C (RRC Group D 05 Sep 2022 3rd shift)
2022 3rd shift)
Ans: (a) F (a) S, N. O (b) C, Ca, Cu
(a) 8, K (b) 6, L
27. An element X combines with chlorine (c) F, Cl, I (d) Ca, Sr, Ba
(c) 8, M (d) 6, M to form a compound XCI. The element
Ans: (d) Ca, Sr, Ba
Ans: (b) 6, L X is placed on the left side of the
periodic table. Which of the following 31. Ch lo ri n e , b r om in e an d io d i n e
21. How many electrons are present in
statements are correct for element X? make a Dobereiner ’s triad. The
an L-Shell of a carbon atom? (RRC
(RRC Group D 02 Sep 2022 3rd shift) av er ag e of a to mi c ma ss es o f
Group D 30 Aug 2022 3rd shift)
(i) Has one valence electron. ch l orin e an d I od in e wou ld b e
(a) 6 (b) 2 close to —-_____. (RRC Group D 05
(ii) is a metal and is solid.
(c) 4 (d) 8 Sep 2022 3rd shift)
(iii) is a non-metal and is a gas.
Ans: (c) 4 (a) 162.5 (b) 131.25
(iv) Has five valence electrons.
22. As we move down the group, the (c) 79.9 (d) 94
Tendency for formation of alkaline (a) Only (i)
Ans: (c) 79.9
oxides is_____. (RRC Group D 01 Sep (b) Only (i) and (iii)
32. Element X has a total of 16 protons
2022 2nd shift) (c) Only (i). (ii) and (iii)
and 16 neutrons. It is related to
(a) Decreases (d) Only (iv) _____. (RRC Group D 06 Sep 2022 3rd
(b) Increases Ans: (b) Only (i) and (iii) shift)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 101 Railway General Science

 (a) Fourth period and thirteenth group Examples: • Examples of Dobereiner's Triads:
(b) second period and third group • Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Sodium 1. Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), and
(c) third period and second group (Na) has 1 electron in its outer Potassium (K):
shell, and chlorine (Cl) has 7.
(d) third period and sixteenth group • Atomic mass of Li = 7
Sodium loses an electron to
Ans: (d) third period and sixteenth group achieve a stable octet, and • Atomic mass of Na = 23
33. What is the correct order of periods chlorine gains that electron,
in terms of number of elements? (RRC resulting in an ionic bond. Na: 1s² • Atomic mass of K = 39
Group D 09 Sep 2022 1st shift) 2s² 2p? 3s¹  Na+: 1s² 2s² 2p? • The average of Li and K: (7 + 39) /
(a) 1=2<3=4<5=6<7 6 5 –
Cl: 1s² 2s² 2p 3s² 3p  Cl : 1s² 2s² 2 = 23, which is close to the
(b) 1<2=3<4=5<6=7 2p? 3s² 3p? atomic mass of Na.
(c) 1=2=3<4=5<6=7 • Water (H2O): Oxygen has 6 2. Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), and
electrons in its outer shell and Barium (Ba):
(d) 1<2<3=4<5<6<7
needs 2 more to complete its octet.
Ans: (b) 1<2=3<4=5<6=7 • Atomic mass of Ca = 40
It forms covalent bonds with two
34. Whenever moving from left to right hydrogen atoms, each sharing an • Atomic mass of Sr = 88
in a period, metallic character _____. electron, thus giving oxygen a
• Atomic mass of Ba = 137
(ARC Group D 09 Sep 2022 1st shift) stable octet.
(a) Remains constant Exceptions to the Octet Rule: • The average of Ca and Ba: (40 +
137) / 2 = 88.5, which is close to the
(b) Decreases • Boron Trifluoride (BF3): Boron has
atomic mass of Sr.
(c) Increases only 6 electrons in its outer shell
after bonding with three fluorine 3. Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), and Iodine
(d) First increases, then decreases
atoms, making it an exception to (I):
Ans: (b) Decreases the octet rule. • Atomic mass of Cl = 35.5
35. Newlands Law of Octaves worked • Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl5):
well with_____. (RRC Group D 09 Sep • Atomic mass of Br = 80
Phosphorus can expand its octet
2022 2nd shift) • Atomic mass of I = 127
by using d-orbitals, having more
(a) metallic elements only than 8 electrons.
• The average of Cl and I: (35.5 +
(b) Lighter elements only 2. Dobereiner's Triads 127) / 2 = 81.25, which is close to
(c) noble gases only Dobereiner's Triads were one of the the atomic mass of Br.
(d) Radioactive elements only early attempts to classify elements Significance:
based on their properties. In the early
Ans: (b) Lighter elements only
19th century, Johann Wolfgang • Although Döbereiner's Triads only
Quick Reminder Döbereiner, a German chemist, applied to a few elements, it was
Octet Rule and Dobereiner's Triads observed that certain groups of three an important step in recognizing
elements (triads) had similar patterns in the properties of
1. Octet Rule
chemical properties, and the atomic elements.
The Octet Rule states that atoms tend weight of the middle element in each
to bond in such a way that they have triad was approximately the average • This led to the development of
eight electrons in their valence shell, of the other two. more advanced periodic
achieving a configuration similar to classifications, including
Key Points:
a noble gas. This rule applies Mendeleev's periodic table.
primarily to elements in the second • Elements were grouped into triads
period of the periodic table. based on their similar chemical Limitations:

Key Points: properties. • Döbereiner's Triads were only

• The atomic mass of the middle applicable to a limited number of
• Atoms gain, lose, or share
element was nearly the average elements, and many elements did
electrons to achieve a stable
electron configuration with 8 of the atomic masses of the other not fit into the triad system.
electrons in their outermost shell. two elements. • The triad rule was eventually
• Most applicable to main group • This observation helped lay the superseded by more comprehensive
elements (s- and p-block foundation for the development of classification systems like the
elements). the periodic table. periodic table.

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 102 Railway General Science

 15
Metals, Non-metals
& Hydrocarbons
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS ELECTRONEGATIVITY TYPES OF REACTIONS
• Metals and nonmetals • The ability of an atom to accept the • Two types of reactions are
Ans : Lavoisier electrons during molecular bond Ans : Physical and Chemical reactions
formulation is known as
• Triads Ans : Dobereiner PHYSICAL REACTION
Ans : Electro negativity
• Law of octaves • A reaction in which no new substance
• Electronegativity was discovered by is produced is called
Ans : John Newland
Ans : Linus Pauling Ans : Physical reaction It can be
• Based on atomic weight
Ans : Mendeleev • Electronegativity scale was invented reversed
by Ans : Linus Pauling eg : Freezing, Melting
• Based on atomic number
• The element which has most ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN
Ans : Moseley electronegativity Ans : Fluorine
• Element present in 1,2 and 13,18 PROTIUM (1H1)
• The elements which have least
groups are known as electronegativity Ans : Francium, Caesium • Mass Number 1
Ans : Representative elements • Ordinary Hydrogen
CAESIUM
• All transitive elements are • Abundant isotope
• The metal used in atomic clocks
Ans : Metals • Atom having no neutron
• The metal which shows least
• Transitive elements form expansion • Only one atom having same atomic
Ans : Coloured compounds • Most electro positive stable element number and mass number
ELEMENTS WITH SPECIAL NAMES • Element having least electro negativity DEUTERIUM (1H2)
• Name of earth Tellurium (52) ELEMENT SYM BOL LATIN NAME • Mass Number 2
• Name of Moon Selenium (34) • Iron Fe Ferrum • Heavy Hydrogen
• Name of Sun Helium (2) • Gold Au Aurum • Used for manufacturing Hydrogen
• Name of Asteroid Palladium (46) bomb
• Silver Ag Argentum
• Honour of women • Deuterium Oxide (D20) is known as
• Copper Cu Cuprum heavy water
Curium (96), Meitnerium (109) • Antimony Sb Stibium • It is used as moderator in nuclear
• Name of Ceres Cerium(58)
• Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum reactor
• Name of Uranus Uranium (92)
• Sodium Na Natrium • Having only one neutron
• Name of Neptune Neptunium (93)
• Tungsten W Wolfram TRITIUM (1H3)
• Name of Pluto Plutonium (94)
• Tin Sn Stannum • Mass Number 3
ROOM TEMPERATURE CASES
• Potassium K Kalium • Simplest radioactive isotope
• The liquid metal at room temperature
• Lead Pb Plumbum • Having two neutrons
Ans : Mercury
ATOMIC NO. ELEMENTS SYMBOLS HELIUM (He) (Z=2)
• The liquid nonmetal at room
temperature Ans : Bromine 113 Nihonium Nh • 1st noble gas group in the periodic
115 Moscovium Mc table Ans : Helium
• Two elements which are liquids at
room temperature 117 Tennessine Ts • Second lightest element
Ans : Bromine, Mercury 118 Oganesson Og Ans : Helium

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• The element shows highest thermal CARBON (C) (Z=6) FULLERENE
conductivity Ans : Helium • The element considered as the • A ball shaped carbon allotrope
• 2nd most abundant element in fundamental element of life Ans: Fullerene
universe Ans : Helium Ans : Carbon • Fullerene members
• Product of nuclear fusion
• The element having maximum
Ans: C 60, C 70
Ans : Helium 4 tendency of catenation (catenation
• Discovered by Self linking property) GRAPHENE

Ans : Pierre Janssen and Norman Ans : Carbon • The latest discovered allotrope of
Lockyer Carbon Ans: Graphene
• Carbon atoms covalently bound to
• Liquid Helium is used as other atoms to make organic • The single layer of carbon atoms
compounds arranged in a hexagoned shape
Ans : Cryogenic refrigerant
• Preferred for filling the weather • Carbon has two types of allotropes CHARCOAL
balloons and air ships (1) Crystalline • An amorphous allotrope of carbon
• The elements used for the treatment eg : diamond, graphite, fullerene, Ans : Charcoal
of Asthma Ans : Helium and Oxygen graphine • Activated charcoal is used in many
• The elements used in welding are (2) Amorphous applications like gas purification,
Ans : Helium and Argon eg: coal, charcoal water purification, airfilters in gas
• Helium is noninflammable in nature masks etc
GRAPHITE
LITHIUM (Li) (Z = 3) Substance Production /Extraction process
• Graphite has a layer structure
• Belonging to the alkali metal • Magnesium-Pidgeon
• The most stable form of carbon
• The lightest metal Ans : Lithium • Bromine -Dow process
Ans : Graphite
• The element which is kept in wax • Nitric acid- Ostwald process
• Substance used for making
Ans : Lithium electrodes Ans : Graphite • Noble metals- Cyanide process
• The strongest reducing agent • The substance known as Black lead • Sulphuric acid - Contact process
Ans : Lithium or Plumbago Ans : Graphite • Chlorine gas - Deacon’s process
BERYLLIUM (Be) (Z = 4) • It is a good conductor of heat and • Sodium - Down’s process
• Beryllium was found by electricity
• Hydrogen - Bosch process
Ans : Louis Nicolas Vauqueli • It is used as a moderator in nuclear
• Steel - Bessemer process
reactor
• It was isolated by Ans : Friedrich • Ammonia - Haber process
Wohler and Antoine Bussy DIAMOND
• Sodium carbonate - Solvay process
• Naturally occurring compound of • Diamond has tetrahedral structure
Beryllium Ans : Emerald • The hardest natural substance • Sulphur - Frasch process
BORON (B) (Z=5) Ans: Diamond • Aluminium - Hall Heroult process
• The word boron was originated from • The purest form of carbon • Halogens - Messenger method
Ans: Borax Ans: Diamond • Nitrogen - Dumas process
• It is a metalloid chemical element • The densest form of carbon NITROGEN (N) (Z=7)
• Compound used for making Ans: Diamond • The most abundant element in the
laboratory apparatus atmosphere Ans : Nitrogen
• The,substance showing highest light
Ans : Borosilicate glass density Ans: Diamond • Percent of nitrogen presence
• The compound known as inorganic atmosphere Ans : 78%
• The medium with lowest speed for
benzene Ans : Borozene • Main content of protein
light Ans:Diamond
• The only acid shows the Ans : Nitrogen
• The substance used for cutting glass
characteristics of alkali Ans: Boric acid
Ans: Diamond • It is discovered by Scotish physician
• The main content of eye drops
• Scale used,to measure the hardness Ans : Daniel Rutherford in 1772
Ans : Boric acid
of diamond Ans: Mohr’s scale • The gas controls burning
• The polish used in carom board
• Hardness of diamond Ans: 10 mohr Ans : Nitrogen
Ans : Boric acid

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 104 Railway General Science

 NITROUS OXIDE SODIUM (Na) (Z=11) • Manufacturing process of Aluminium
• The acid content of acid rain • Sodium is kept in Ans : Kerosene Ans : Hall Heroult Process
Ans : Nitrous Oxide • Sodium was discovered by • Simplest way of extraction of
• The compound used as anesthetic Ans : Humphry Davy aluminium is discovered by
Ans : Nitrogen compound • The element which regulates blood Ans : Charles Martin Hall

• Largest single constituent of earth’s pressure in human beings • It is an amphoteric metal

atmosphere Ans : Nitrogen compound Ans : Sodium • The element used in reflecting
• Gas known as laughing gas • Cell used to manufacture sodium telescope and CD Ans : Aluminium
hydroxide (NaOH) • Compound of Aluminium is seen in
Ans : Nitrous Oxide
Ans : CastnerKellner Cell Ans: Blue colour
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
• Compound used as air purifier cell • Double sulphate of aluminium is
• Gas formed during lightning
in submarines Ans : Sodium Ans : Alum
Ans : Nitrogen dioxide peroxide
• The metal shows the characteristics
EXPLOSIVES AND NITROGEN • Compound which is used as a fixer of both acid and alkali
• TNT, RDX, Nitroglycerine in photographic film
Ans : Aluminium
Ans : Explosive substances Ans : Sodium Thiosulphate or Thio
• The metal mostly present in clay
• TNT Tri Nitro Toluene is known as • The compound used in blood bank
Ans : Aluminium
Ans : Trotyl Ans : Sodium citrate
• The metal used to make cigarette
• RDX Research Department Explosive • The sodium compound used as wrapper Ans : Aluminium
is known as Ans : Cyclonite coolant in atomic reactors
• The chemical method used for the
• Mostly found as compound in nature Ans : Liquid sodium concentration of bauxite
• The nitrogen compound used as Main sodium compounds are; Ans : Leaching
indelible ink (Voters’ ink) (1) Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda) • Compound of aluminium used for
Ans : Silver Nitrate (2) Sodium bicarbonate (Baking soda) manufacturing powerful magnet
OXYGEN (O) (Z = 8) SOFT METALS Ans: Alnico
• Oxygen was experimentally prepared • Sodium and Potassium are known as • Naturally occurring aluminium
by Ans : Karl Scheele Ans : Soft metals silicate is Ans: Mica
• Oxygen was discovered by • They are highly reactive with • Mica is a bad conductor of electricity
Ans : Joseph Priestly and a good conductor of Ans: Heat
Ans : Water
• Element nature of oxygen was LAPIS LAZULI
• Sodium and Potassium are kept in
established by Ans : Lavoisier • Lapis Lazuli is a deep blue stone, used
Ans : Kerosene in making ornaments.
• Burning is helped by Ans : Oxygen
MAGNESIUM (Mg) (Z=12) • It is a compound of Aluminium
• It is colourless, tasteless and odourless
• Element known as ‘chemical sun’ ALUM
• The colour of liquid oxygen is
Ans : Magnesium • Used as mordant
Ans : Light blue colour
• The metal present in chloroplast of • Used as dyes
• Nature of oxygen plants Ans : Magnesium
• Used for purifying water fire
Ans : Paramagnetic • The Magnesium compound used for extinguisher
• Most abundant element in earth crust dental filling Ans : Sorel cement
CHEMICAL NAMES
Ans : Oxygen • Magnesium Hydroxide, acts as an
antacid is popularly known as • Emerald Beryllium , Aluminium ,
• Number of atoms in Oxygen molecule
Silicate
2, Ozone 3 Ans : Milk of Magnesia
• Sapphire Aluminium Oxide
• Ozone layer is found in ALUMINIUM (Al) (Z=13)
• Ruby Aluminium Oxide
Ans : Stratosphere • The most abundant metal in the
earth’s crust Ans : Aluminium • Topaz Aluminium Fluorine Silicate
• The depletion of ozone layer is
caused by Ans : Chlorofluorocarbon • Main ore of Aluminium Ans : Bauxite • Opal Hydrated Aluminium Dioxide
(CFC) • Aluminium was isolated for the first • Asbestos is otherwise known as
• Industrial name of CFC Ans : Freon time by Ans : Hans Oersted Ans : Rock Cotton

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 105 Railway General Science

 PHOSPHOROUS (P) (Z=15) • Number of atoms present in sulphur • The most abundant chemical
• phosphorous was discovered by molecule Ans : 8 substance in cement
Ans : Hennig Brand • Acid rain is caused by Ans: Calcium oxide
• ”One who carries light” is the Ans : Sulphur dioxide • Compound which is regulating the
meaning of Ans : Phosphorous • Sulphide ores are purified by setting time of cement
• White phosphorous is kept in Ans : Froth Flotation process Ans : Gypsum
Ans : Water • The process of heating the rubber by • The product obtained after heating
adding sulphur Ans : Vulcanization the gypsum at 125°C
• The form of Phosphorous which
emits green light on the exposure to • Mixture of Sulphur and Charcoal is Ans : Plaster of Paris
atmosphere known as Ans : Gun Powder • Compound which is used in the
Ans : White phosphorous • Gases which cause fading the colour process of manufacturing cement
• White phosphorous burns in of silver ornaments Ans : Hydrogen Ans : Lime stone
atmosphere at Ans : 30°C Sulphide,Sulphur dioxide • The product obtained when lime
• Red phosphorous is used for making • The gas which causes the fading of stone is heated
the colour of Taj Mahal Ans : Quicklime and Carbon dioxide
Ans : Safety matches
Ans : Sulphur dioxide • The permanent hardness of water is
• Substance used to make the match
sticks POTASSIUM (K) (Z = 19) caused by
Ans : Red Phosphorous, Potassium • Potassium is kept in Ans : Kerosene Ans : Calcium Sulphate and Calcium
Chlorate • The elements which are known as soft Chloride
• Phosphorous is used in fertilizer metals • The chemical substances caused for
industry Ans : Potassium and Sodium the permanent hardness of water are
The sulphates and Chlorides of
• The element which is present in the • It is discovered by Calcium and Magnesium. The
DNA&RNA of animals is Ans : Humphry Davy temporary hardness of water is
Ans : Phosphorous • The most abundant metal present in caused by
• The element present in the animal blood Ans : Potassium Ans : Calcium bicarbonate and
bone fertilizer Ans : Phosphorous • The metal present in bath soap Magnesium bicarbonate
• The number of atoms present in a Ans : Potassium • The process used to remove the
phosphorous molecule permanent hardness of water
• The compound of potassium used for
Ans : 4 (tetra atomic) purifying water Ans : Distillation or adding Washing
• The element having the smell of rotten soda
Ans : Potassium Permanganate
fish Ans:Phosphine (PH3) • The process used to remove the
• The ores of potassium are Carnalite,
• The isotope used for the treatment of temporary hardness ofwater
Salt Petre Metal related to the disease
blood cancer arthritis Potassium Ans : Heating or adding lime
Ans : Phosphorous32 • First metal separated by electrolysis • When quick lime is mixed with
• The phosphorous which is Carbon dioxide it turns into
Ans : Potassium
illuminated in darkness Ans : Milky colour
• Chemical used for organic farming,
Ans : White Phosphorous neutralizing acidic soil • The compound used for producing
• The product obtained after the lime mixture
Ans : Potassium Bicarbonate
heating of White Phosphorous at a Ans : Calcium Compound
high temperature CALCIUM (Ca) (Z = 20)
• The chemical name of Chalk
Ans : Black Phosphorous • The most abundant metal in the
human body Ans : Calcium Ans : Calcium Carbonate
• The phosphorous used as rat poison TITANIUM (Ti) (Z = 22)
• The compound of calcium used to
Ans : Zinc Phosphide make bandage, statues is • The whitest element compound ever
SULPHUR (S) (Z = 16) Ans : Plaster of Paris known is Ans : Titanium
• Sulphur is a member of • Composition of coral reefs is caused • Titanium was discovered by
Ans : Chalcogen family by Calcium Carbonate The compound Ans : William Gregor
• Enemy of copper Ans : Sulphur used in tooth paste as polishing agent • White paints are made using the
• It has no radioactive isotope Ans : Calcium carbonate oxides of Ans : Titanium

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 106 Railway General Science

• The symbol of whiteness • Stainless steel contains Ans : Iron, • The isotope of Cobalt used for the
Ans:Titanium dioxide Chromium, Nickel and Carbon treatment of cancer
• The metal known as “Metal of future” • Nickel steel contains Ans : Cobalt 60
Ans : Titanium Ans : Iron, Nickel and Carbon • The substance used in glass to get
• The metal known as ‘wonder metal’ • Purest form of Iron blue colour Ans : Cobalt salt
Ans : Titanium Ans : Wrought Iron COPPER (Cu) (Z=29)
• The most abundant metal present on • Rust iron is chemically known as • First metal used by man
the surface ofmoon Ans : Titanium Ans : Hydrated Iron Oxide Ans : Copper
• Titanium is separated from • Iron with earthly impurities
• Latin name of Copper
Ans : Ilmenite Ans : Pig Iron
Ans : Cuprum
CHROMIUM (Cr) (Z =24) • Ores of Iron
• The ores of Copper
• The scientist who isolated chromium Ans : Hematite (Fe203), Magnetite
for the first time was (Fe304), Iron Pyrites (FeS2) Ans : Malachite, Chalcolite
Ans : Louis Nicolas Vauquelin • The ore which is used for making iron • The metal prominently found in
for commercial purpose Panchaloha Ans : Copper
• The element shows antiferromagnetic
property Ans : Chromium Ans : Hematite (Fe203) • The chemical name of Blue Vitriol
• The hardest metal Ans : Chromium • The ore which contains large amount Ans : Copper Sulphate
• The word ‘Chroma’ means of iron Ans : Magnetite (Fe3O4) ZINC (Zn) (Z = 30)
Ans : Colour • Industrial production of steel
• The ores of Zinc are
MANGANESE (Mn) (Z = 25) Ans : Bessemer process
Ans : Calamine and Zinc blende
• Manganese was discovered by • Iron coated with Zinc is called
• Impure Zinc is known as
Ans : Carl Sheel Ans : Galvanized Iron
Ans : Spelter
• Manganese was isolated for the first • Iron coated with Tin is called
• The element used in galvanization
time by Ans : Tin Plating
and in dry cells Ans : Zinc
Ans : Johan Gottlieb Gahn • When Iron rusts, its weight
• The element used in the
• The fifth most abundant metal in Ans : Increases manufacturing of perfumes
Earth’s crust Ans : Manganese • The reason for the brown colour of
Ans : Zinc
• It is too brittle in nature soil and rock is the presence of
• The steel which is used for making • The element present in insulin and
Ans : Iron Oxide
rails Ans : Medium steel tear drop Ans : Zinc
• Hardening (Quenching) Mild steel is
• The steel which is used to make heated to red hot in high temperature • The compound known as ‘White
agriculture equipments, wires, poles and then cooled suddenly by Vitriol’ Ans : Zinc Sulphate
Ans : Mild steel plunging into oil or cold water • The elements extracted through the
• The steel which is used to make • Tempering The quenched steel is process of distillation
surgical equipments, spring reheated to a temperature below red Ans : Zinc and Mercury
Ans : High Carbon steel hot and cooled slowly
• The compound known as Chinese
IRON (Fe) (Z=26) • Annealing Hard steel is heated to White (Philosopher’s Wool)
redness and then allowed to cool
• Latin name of Iron Ans : Ferrum slowly. Annealing makes the steel Ans : Zinc Oxide
• Boiling point Ans : 3134K soft. • The compound used in talcum
• Melting point Ans : 1811K COBALT (Co) (Z =27) powder and face cream
• Element present in haemoglobin • The element present in Vitamin B12 Ans : Zinc Oxide
Ans : Iron Ans : Cobalt • The compound of zinc which is used
• Least pure form of Iron • The scientist discovered Cobalt as a filler in rubber
Ans : Cast Iron Ans : George Brandt Ans : Zinc Oxide
• Steel contains • The micronutrient for bacteria, algae • The white coloured compounds in
Ans : 0.1 to 1.5% of carbon and fungi Ans : Cobalt paint Ans : Zinc Oxide

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 107 Railway General Science

 HALOGENS • The gas which was used as chemical • The substance contains in the
• The word halogen means weapon in the First WorldWar capsule which is given to the people
Ans:Salt former Ans : Phosgene in the nuclear disaster affected area

Halogens are : • The element used to purify the water Ans : Potassium Iodide
in swimming pool Ans : Chlorine • The substances used for artificial
• Fluorine (F)
• The element used as an oxidising raining
• Chlorine (Cl)
agent Ans : Chlorine
• Bromine (Br) Ans : Silver Iodide and Dry ice (Solid
• The element used as a bleaching CO2)
• Iodine (I) agent Ans : Chlorine
ASTATINE (At) (Z=85)
• Astatine (At) • The most abundant element present
in sea water Ans : Chlorine • The rarest element in Earth
Chiorine,Bromine,IodineExtracted from
Sea Water • The remedy gas which is used against Ans : Astatine
• Synthetic Halogen Astatine the chlorine poisoning • The heaviest known halogen
• Pseudo Halogen Cyanogen (CN2) Ans : Ammonia Ans : Astatine
• Solid Halogen Iodine • The chlorine compound present in • The element known as synthetic
• Super Halogen Fluorine tear gas Ans : Benzyl Chloride halogen Ans : Astatine
FLUORINE (F) (Z=9) • The compound of chlorine used in the NOBLE GASES OR ZERO GROUP ELEMENTS
plastics
• The lightest known halogen • Noble gases are also called as
Ans : Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Ans : Fluorine Ans : Inert gases
• The solvent used as an anesthetic
• The least metallic in nature Ans : Fluorine • Noble gases do not enter Into
Ans : Chloroform
• The element having highest reactivity chemical reactions
or electronegativity Ans : Fluorine • The compound used as an antiseptic
• Noble gases were discovered by
• The most abundant halogen present Ans : Sodium Hypochlorite
in earth’s crust Ans : Fluorine (0.08%) Ans : William Ramsay
BROMINE (Br) (Z=35)
• The disease caused by the deficiency • Group 18 is also known as
• The non metal present in liquid form
of fluorine Ans : Fluorosis in room temperature Ans : Zero group elements
• The most abundant halide in earth’s Ans : Bromine NOBLE GASES ARE:
crust by weight Ans : Fluoride
• The bromine compound used in • Helium (He)
• The compound known as fluorspar photographic films • Neon (Ne)
Ans : Calcium Fluoride Ans : Silver Bromide
• Argon (Ar)
CHLORINE (Cl) (Z= 17) • Third lightest halogen Ans : Bromine
• Krypton (Kr)
• The scientist who discovered and IODINE (I) (Z=53)
isolated the chlorine gas • Xenon (Xe)
• Commonly used halogen Ans : Iodine
Ans : Carl Scheele • Radon (Rn)
• The element abundant in sea weeds
• The scientist who recognized chlorine • Valency of noble gases is
as an element Ans : Humphry Davy Ans : Iodine
Ans:’O’(Zero)
• The second element having highest • The element known as solid halogen
RADON
reactivity Ans : Chlorine Ans : Iodine
• The colour of Chlorine gas • The nonmetal having highest density • The largest gaseous atom

Ans : Pale yellow green Ans : Iodine Ans : Radon

• The organic compound which • The most commonly used halogen • The heaviest gaseous atom
contains chlorine available as tablet Ans : Iodine Ans : Radon
Ans : DDT, BHC, Chloroform, Freon • Iodine test is used to detect • The only radio active gaseous
• Chloroform was discovered by Ans : Carbohydrate element
Ans : James Young Simpson • The colour of carbohydrate in iodine Ans : Radon
• The poisonous substance produced Ans : Dark Blue • The element extracted from
when the chlorine is exposed • The element that sublimes (solid into radioactive disintegration ofradium
Ans : Phosgene vapour) on heating Ans : Iodine Ans : Radon

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 108 Railway General Science

 ARGON • The element does not allow to pass • The metal used with gold for making
• Argon was discovered by laser through it Ans : Lead ornaments Ans : Copper
Ans : Lord Rayleigh and William • Element used in storage batteries • The symbol of Bureau of Indian
Ramsay Ans : Lead Standard given for the purity of gold
• Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay • The element present as an Ans : Hallmark
got Nobel Prize for the discovery of antiknocking agent in petrol Ans : Lead • The compound of Gold and Silver is
Argon in Ans : 1904 • The element used in the smoke of the called Ans : Electrum
• The most abundant inert gaseous vehicles Ans : Lead GOLD
element present in the atmosphere • The element having least conductivity • The unit of gold Carat
Ans : Argon Ans : Lead • Pure gold 24 carat
• The gas filled in electric bulbs • The element which is purified by • 22 carat gold used to make
Ans : Argon melting Ans : Lead ornaments
NOTABLE POINTS ON NOBLE GAS • The part of the human body which is • 916 gold is 22 carat
• Neon used in the tube and on the affected by lead Ans : Kidney • One pavan = 8 gram
advertising sign boards • The disease caused by the effect of
• 1kg = 125 pavan
• Argon used to fill in incandescent the element lead Ans : Plumbism
AQUAREGIA
lamps • The red coloured pigment in ‘sindur’
• The liquid known as ‘royal water’
• Krypton known as Hidden gas Ans : Trilead Tetroxide
Ans : Aquaregia
• Xenon Known as stranger gas TIN AND LEAD COMBINATION
• Gold, Silver and Platinum are soluble
MERCURY (Hg) (Z= 80) • Tin and Lead combination is used in
in Ans : Aquaregia
• The metal known as Quick Silver safety fuse
Previous Year Questions
Ans : Mercury • Alloy of Tin and Lead used to make
safety wire • What is the chemical symbol of Lead
• The anomalous metal seen in liquid -Pb (RRB NTPC 27.01.2021)
form in room temperature • Alloy of Tin and lead can be
separated by melting • When one molecule of lead nitrate is
Ans : Mercury heated, then – 2 moles of NO gas are
NOBLE METALS
• First known super conductor produced (RRB Group-D 2018)
Noble metals are
Ans : Mercury • The products formed as a result of
• Silver (Ag) thermal decomposition of lead
• The metal with lowest melting point
(39°C) Ans : Mercury • Platinum (Pt) nitrate are – Lead oxide, oxygen,
• Gold (Au) nitrogen dioxide (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Measuring quantity of mercury
• The elements exist in free state • When lead metal reacts with copper
Ans : Flask chloride solution, then lead chloride
AMALGAM Ans : Noble Metals is formed. (RRB Group-D 11-12-2018)
• The term amalgam is used to • The process of producing noble • Which element is liquid at room
represent an alloy which contains metals is Ans : Cyanide Process temperature – Mercury (RRB NTPC
Ans : Mercury GOLD (Au) (Z=79) 21.01.2021 RRB NTPC 31.01.2021)
Eg: Dental filling • Latin name of gold is • What is the common name of mercury
Ans : Aurum – Quicksilver (RRB NTPC 2016)
TIN (Sn) (Z=50)
• The metal known as King of metals • An important metal required for
• The element having maximum
making amalgam is mercury (RRB JE
number of isotopes Ans : Tin Ans : Gold 2016).
• Latin name of Tin Ans : Stannum • The metal known as ‘Hiranya’ • Which element, which is naturally
• The main ore of Tin Ans : Gold extremely poisonous, is used in
Ans : Cassiterite • The metal with high malleability and traditional thermometers – Mercury
• The ore of Tin known as Tin stone ductility Ans : Gold (RRB NTPC 2016)
Ans:Cassiterite • Melting point of gold • Mercury is the only metal which
remains liquid at 0°C. The reason for
LEAD (Pb) (Z=82) Ans:1064°C (1947°F)
this is its very high ionization energy
• The most stable substance in the • The device used to measure the purity and white metallic bond (RRB Group-
nature Ans : Lead of Gold Ans : Carat Analyser D 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 109 Railway General Science

• The least reactive is mercury (RRB • The lightest metal is-Li (RRB Group-D • A student’s shirt got stained while
Group-D 2018) 2018) doing an activity in the science
• What is the chemical name of Neela • LiAlH4 is a common property between laboratory. Which chemical should
Thotha – Copper Sulphate (RRB NTPC sodium amalgam and NaBH4 – they he use to remove the stain- Sodium
25.01.2021) are reducing agents. (RRB Group-D Carbonate (RRB Group-D- 11/10/
2018) 2022)
• To make bronze with copper and
zinc…… element is added – Sn (RRB • Metals which remain in liquid state • Which raw material is used to make
Group-D 2018) above 35°C temperature – Mercury, washing soda-NaCl(RRB Group-D- 06/
Gallium (RRB SSE 2014) 10/2022)
• The metal which is kept in air for
some time and gets a layer of green • Quartz used in watches is – Silicon • Shows the correct group of raw
basic carbonate on it, that metal is- Dioxide (RRB NTPC 2016) materials used for the manufacture
Copper (RRB J.E. 2014) • Metal______ will melt if placed on the of washing soda – NaCl3, NH, CO (RRB
palm - Ga and Cs (RRB Group-D 2018) Group-D 25/08/2022)
• The process of applying a thin layer
of zinc on iron or steel is called – • Metal does not corrode – Platinum • On heating baking soda, which of the
Galvanization (RRB Group-D 2018) (RRB Group-D 2018) following compounds is formed –
Sodium carbonate (RRB Group-D- 29/
• The process produces zinc oxide, • Melting point of tungsten is -3380°C 09/2022)
which acts as a protective layer and (RRB Group-D 2018)
prevents rust – Galvanization (RRB • Sodium is a reactive metal, which
• Which of these chemicals can be when kept in open, catches fire with
NTPC 2016 RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
applied to get relief from the pain
explosion by reacting with ______-
• Zinc can separate copper from copper caused by bee sting - NaHCO3 (RRB
Oxygen (RRB NTPC 27.02.2021)
sulphate solution, because zinc is Group D 2018,RRB Group-D- 17/09/
more reactive than copper. (RRB 2022) • Permanent hardness of water can be
Group-D 2018) removed by mixing it in water –
• What is the scientific name of baking
• On adding zinc to copper sulphate Washing Soda (RRB Group-D 2018 RRB
soda – Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
solution – zinc sulphate is formed NTPC 08.04.2021)
(RRB Group-D- 11/10/2022)
(RRB Group-D 2018) • To neutralize the effect of formic acid
• The mixture of sodium bicarbonate
• The chemical formula of hydrated entering the body through ant bite,
and a weak food acid is called
copper sulphate is- CuSO4.5H2O (RRB ________ baking soda (RRB Group-D- which can be used- Sodium
Group-D 2018) 28/09/2022) bicarbonate (RRB NTPC 01.04.2021)
• Copper is flexible and soft (RRB • When baking soda is heated, it gets • Name the elements found in baking
Group-D 2018) converted into_________ water and powder – sodium, hydrogen, carbon
carbon dioxide – sodium carbonate and oxygen (RRB NTPC 12.03.2021)
• When zinc is added to copper
sulphate solution, displacement of (RRB Group-D- 02/09/2022, RRB ALP • The salt used in soda-acid fire
copper occurs (RRB Group-D 2018). & Tech. 2018) extinguishers is- Sodium Hydrogen
• Which compounds are required for Carbonate (RRB Group-D 2018)
• If copper metal is dipped in zinc
sulphate mixture, then – no reaction the manufacturing of baking soda – • What is used as a component of
occurs (RRB Group-D 2018) common salt, carbon dioxide and antacid – Sodium hydrogen
ammonia (RRB Group-D- 26/08/2022) carbonate (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Gas evolved when zinc reacts with
hydrochloric acid – hydrogen (RRB • Which of these compounds is used • Baking soda is chemically different
Group-D 2018) in the manufacture of borax- Washing from baking powder – yes, baking soda
soda (RRB Group-D 12/09/2022) is sodium bicarbonate whereas
• Food utensils are coated with tin and
not zinc because zinc is more reactive • Baking powder is a mixture of – baking powder is a mixture of sodium
than tin. (RRB Group-D 2018) Baking soda, mild food acid (RRB Group bicarbonate and tartaric acid. (RRB ALP
D 2018 RRB Group-D- 15/09/2022) & Tech. 2018)
• Metal can form amphoteric oxide –
Zn (RRB Group-D 2018) • Which of these weak non-corrosive • The metal which cannot be obtained
alkaline salts is formed as a result by reduction using carbon is – Sodium
• Galvanized iron is – zinc coated iron of the reaction of aqueous solution (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
(RRB NTPC 2016) of sodium chloride with ammonia
• Common name of sodium carbonate
• Which is the second most abundant and carbon dioxide - Baking soda (RRB
element found in the earth’s crust - Group-D- 29/09/2022) is – Washing Soda (RRB SSE 2014)
Silicon (RRB JE 24.05.2019) • Which salt is an active ingredient of • The metal which can be easily cut
• Metal is found in free state – Pt (RRB antacids – NaHCO (RRB Group-D- 06/ with a knife- Sodium (RRB ALP & Tec.
Group-D 2018) 10/2022) 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 110 Railway General Science

• ...........is stored in kerosene oil – • The milkman adds a little baking soda • Which form of carbon is used as dry
Sodium (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) to fresh milk – to prevent acidification lubricant – Graphite (RRB Group-D –
• On burning, the metal provides yellow of the milk (RRB Group-D 2018) 06/10/2022)
color to the flame – Sodium (RRB SSE • The chemical formula of sodium • Which of these compounds of carbon
2019) sulphate is- Na2SO4 (RRB Group-D has a cage-like fused-ring structure,
• The chemical formula of sodium 2018) which resembles a soccer ball - C-60
carbonate is-Na2CO3 (RRB ALP & Tec. Fullerene (RRB Group-D – 26/09/2022,
• Atoms are present in sodium
2018) RRB Group-D- 30/09 /2022 )
carbonate molecule – 6 (RRB Group-
• When electricity is passed between • The allotrope of which non-metal is
D 2018)
the aqueous (salty) poles of sodium a good conductor of electricity -
chloride, it decomposes into which • The element with atomic number
Carbon (RRB Group-D- 25/08/2022)
of the following forms – NaOH + H2 + ________ will form alkaline oxide –
C2 (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) 11 (RRB Group-D 2018) • Fullerene is the allotrope of which of
the following – Carbon (RRB Group-D
• The gas produced in the reaction of • Sulfur is a non-metallic mineral (RRB 30/09/2022)
sodium carbonate with hydrochloric NTPC 15.02.2021))
acid will be – carbon dioxide (RRB ALP • An allotrope of carbon is diamond
• The atom is polyatomic – Sulfur (RRB (RRB NTPC 15.03.2021)
& Tec. 2018)
Group-D 2018)
• Natrium is the Latin name of sodium • Used in writing pencil – graphite (RRB
(RRB Group-D 2018) • The chemical symbol of sulfur is-S NTPC 07.01.2021)
(RRB JE 2019)
• Washing soda can be used – to • The number of free electrons in the
soften hard water (RRB NTPC 2016) • Not a base – Sulfur (RRB NTPC 2016) outer shell of the carbon atom of
• The chemical name of caustic soda • To provide strength, maximum diamond is – zero (RRB ALP & Tec.
is- Sodium hydroxide (RRB JE 2014, elasticity and durability to rubber, 2018)
RRB NTPC 2016) the process of treating it with sulfur • The hardest natural substance is
• Metals stored in kerosene – and heat is called vulcanization (RRB diamond (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018, RRB
potassium (K) and sodium (Na) (RRB NTPC 2016). NTPC 2016)
Group-D 2018) • Sulfur takes its name from the • Buckminsterfullerene is an allotrope
• Both density and boiling point are low language – Latin (RRB NTPC 2016) of – carbon (RRB NTPC 2016)
– of Na (RRB Group-D 2018) • _______extinguishes fire – CO (RRB
• Common name of sulfur is-
• When hydrochloric acid is mixed with Brimstone (RRB NTPC 2016) NTPC 2016)
sodium bicarbonate, gas is released • The element has the special ability
– carbon dioxide (RRB Group-D 2018) • The compound that causes eye
irritation while cutting onions is to combine with other atoms of
• When sodium sulphate solution is similar elements to produce large
sulfur (RRB NTPC 2016).
mixed with barium chloride solution, molecules – Carbon (RRB ALP & Tec.
barium sulphate is formed (RRB • Atomicity of sulfur is – polyatomic 2018)
Group-D 2018) (RRB Group-D 2018)
• The element can exist in different
• Metal forms positively charged ions • Due to the presence of _______, we forms – Carbon (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
more readily – sodium (RRB Group-D feel the smell by which we know the
2018) • All form of carbon acts as a reducing
LPG cylinder is leaking – Sulfur
medium in metallurgy – Coke (RRB
• Metal catches fire immediately when compound (RRB NTPC 2016) Group-D 2018)
kept in the open – Sodium and • What property does the chain
Potassium (RRB Group-D 2018) • An allotrope of carbon is used to
property displayed by carbon adsorb colored impurities and bad
• Acidity can be cured by taking a indicate – Self-combination ability to odors from water and other
person – baking soda solution (RRB form long chains of atoms (RRB substances – charcoal (RRB Group-D
Group-D 2018)
Group-D 18/09/2022) 2018)
• Water molecules present in one
• The hardest natural allotrope of • In a diamond, each carbon atom is
molecule of baking soda are – 10
which element is found - C (RRB bonded to four other carbon atoms
(RRB Group-D 2018)
Group-D – 01/09/2022) (RRB Group-D 2018).
• An alkali metal is- Sodium (RRB
Group-D 2018) • The statement about carbon is true – • One reason for the formation of strong
Carbon is non-metal in nature. (RRB bonds by carbon is its ________ size –
• NaO is an oxide – alkaline (RRB Group-
Group-D 22/09/2022) small (RRB Group-D 2018)
D 2018)
Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 111 Railway General Science
• Percentage of glass in glass pencil • Which of these gases constitutes 78% • Phosphorus is kept in water to
is-0 (RRB Group-D 2018) of our atmosphere and is also part prevent it from catching fire (RRB
• In this, each carbon atom is bonded of the molecules essential for many NTPC 2016).
to three other carbon atoms in the lives – Nitrogen (RRB NTPC • Match sticks contain phosphorus
same plane, giving a hexagonal array 31.01.2021) (RRB NTPC 2016)
– Graphite (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Which gas is also known as ‘laughing • The electronic configuration of a non-
• In this, each carbon atom is bonded gas’ – Nitrous oxide (RRB NTPC metal is-2,8,5 (RRB Group-D 2018)
to four other carbon atoms forming 05.02.2021)
a rigid three-dimensional structure • Atomicity of phosphorus is-4 (RRB
– Diamond (RRB Group-D 2018) • The formula of Lithium Nitride is – Group-D 2018)
Li3N (RRB Group-D 2018) • White phosphorus is stored in water
• An allotrope of carbon is- marble
(RRB NTPC 30.01.2021) • Gas used to prevent food items from (RRB Group-D 2018)
Hydrogen oxidizing – Nitrogen (RRB ALP & Tec. • The chemical formula of phosphoric
2018) acid is-H3PO4 (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Mass number of deuterium is-2 (RRB
JE 2019) • Nitrogen was discovered by • If non-metal is kept in air, it catches
Rutherford (RRB NTPC 30.01.2021) fire – Phosphorus (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Gas has the highest energy value
(calorific value) – Hydrogen (RRB JE • The reddish brown gas released while • Chemical symbol P means
2019) heating lead nitrate strongly is – phosphorus (RRB Group-D 2018).
• When a piece of zinc metal is placed Nitrogen dioxide (RRB ALP & Tec. Halogen
in hydrochloric acid, gas is produced 2018)
• Aashi accidentally uses an unknown
– hydrogen (RRB JE 2019) • During thermal decomposition, solution instead of detergent to clean
• Only those metals can displace ammonium nitrate produces – N, O her clothes. The color of his clothes
hydrogen from water, which are in the and HO (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) fades. This solution can be- Bleaching
reactivity series of metals – above powder (RRB Group-D- 01/09/2022)
• Commercial manufacturing process
hydrogen (RRB NTPC 2016).
of ammonia is- Haber process (RRB • How is bleaching powder denoted -
• When a metal reacts with water, gas J.E. 2014) CaOCl2 (RRB Group-D- 22/09/2022)
is released – hydrogen (RRB Group-D
2018). • Nitrogen is used in electric bulbs • Which gas is used in making
because – does not support bleaching powder – Chlorine (RRB
• Hydrogenation of vegetable oil is an
example of addition reaction (RRB combustion. (RRB SSE 2014) Group-D – 24/08/2022)
Group-D 2018) • Gas used to prevent chips from • Which chemical can be used to make
• The electronic configuration of oxidizing – N2 (RRB Group-D 2018) germ-free drinking water – CaOCl (RRB
hydrogen is similar to that of alkali ALP & Tech. 2018)
• The gas has a pungent smell –
metals (RRB Group-D 2018) ammonia (RRB NTPC 2016) • Non-metallic properties of the
• Metals react with acids to produce element are-CI (RRB Group-D- 09/09/
• Used by dentists as a substitute for
salts and hydrogen (RRB JE 2019) 2022)
anesthetic – nitrous oxide (RRB NTPC
Oxygen 2016) • Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow
• One molecule of oxygen contains two gas with a characteristic odor at room
• The chemical formula of ammonium
oxygen atoms (RRB JE 2019) temperature (RRB Group-D- 09/09/
sulphate is-(NH4)2SO4 (RRB Group-D
2022)
• O2 Represents two….. atoms of oxygen 2018)
(RRB Group-D 2018) • Diatomic is-fluorine (RRB JEE 2019)
• Color of NO2 smoke is brown (RRB
• Ozone contains ______ atoms of • Halogen is the best oxidizing agent
Group-D 2018)
oxygen – three (RRB NTPC 2017) – F2 (RRB SSE 2019)
• Electric bulb is usually filled with
• Oxygen molecule contains – one • The only non-metallic substance
chemically inert gas like ________-
double covalent bond (RRB Group-D present in liquid state at room
Nitrogen (RRB Group-D 2018)
2018) temperature is – Bromine (RRB NTPC
• Molecular mass of O 2 is-32 (RRB Phosphorus 2016)
Group-D 2018) • The first element, which was • When bleaching powder is mixed with
• What is the boiling point of liquid chemically discovered by Hanning water, gas will be released – chlorine
nitrogen - 196 °C (RRB NTPC 17.02.2021) Brand – Phosphorus (RRB NTPC 2016) (RRB ALP & Tec 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 112 Railway General Science

• _______ is used in refrigeration – (b) Coloured petals of Petunia 9. Which element has the highest
Chlorofluoro carbon (RRB NTPC 2016) (c) Coloured petals of Hydrangea electron affinity in halogens? (RRB
ALP & Tec. (31-08-18 )
• Gas is colorless and odorless – (d) Turmeric
Chlorine (RRB NTPC 2016) (a) CI (b) F
Answer (a) Methyl orange
• The color of solid iodine is – purple (c) Br (d) I
4. Which of the following solutions will
brown to slightly black (RRB NTPC Answer (a) CI
turn pii paper blue? (RRB Group-D-
2016) 10. Which of the following is the
26/08/2022)
• Iodine is shiny among non-metals minimum electronegative element?
(a) Lemon juice (RRB Group-D 24-10-2018)
(RRB Group-D 2018)
(b) Gastric juice (a) Cs (b) Pt
• Elements with atomic numbers 35,53
and 85 are – Halogens (RRB Group-D (c) Sodium hydroxide (c) Ag and Au (d) Al and Li
2018) (d) Hydrochloric acid Answer (a) Cs
• Halogen is placed in the group of Answer (c) Sodium hydroxide 11. Which of the following always
modern periodic table – 17th (RRB increase while moving from top to
5. Which of the following statements is
Group-D 2018) correct about litmus solution? (RRB bottom in a group? (RRB Group-D 12-
• Elements belonging to group 17 are 11-2018)
Group-B-30/09/2022)
called halogens (RRB JE 2019) (a) Metallic properties
(a) Litmus solution is a purple dye,
• Maximum valency of halogen group which is extracted from lichen (b) Oxidation potential
with respect to oxygen is- 7 (RRB (c) Electrical negativity
(b) Litmus solution is a orange dye,
Group-D 2018) (d) Tendency to decrease
which is extracted from moss
• This halogen has the highest boiling (c) litmus solution is a orange dye, Answer (a)Metallic properties
point – Iodine (RRB Group-D 2018)
which is extracted from lichen 12. Which of the following elements has
• Chlorine, fluorine and iodine are high ionization energy? (RRB Group-
(d) litmus solution is a purple dye,
examples of halogens (RRB Group-D 2018) which is extracted from Boss D 18-09-2018)
• One halogen is – chlorine (RRB Group- (a) Ar (b) Kr
Answer (a) Litmus solution is a purple dye,
D 2018) (c) Ne (d) He
which is extracted from lichen
• The property of attracting electrons 6. Which of the following element has Answer (d) He
by halogen atoms in a molecule is –
maximum density? (RRB NTPC 13. Electronegativity when moving from
electronegativity (RRB Group-D 2018)
15.03.2021) fluorine to chlorine, bromine and then
Previous Year Questions (a) Platinum (b) Mercury iodine - (RRB Group-D 24-09-2018)
1. Which of the following pairs of (c) Osmium (d) Lead (a) Decreases
elements belonging to the same group (b) Increases
Answer (c) Osmium
exhibit similar chemical properties? (c) First decreases then increases
(RRB Group-D-22/09/2022) 7. Which of the following groups
represents metals? (RRB Group-D 27- (d) Remains constant
(a) C and Cl (b) Li and Kr
09-2022) Answer (a) Decreases
(c) Mg and Mn (d) N and P
(a) Group 2 (b) Group 16 14. Which of the following atoms has the
Answer (d) N and P highest diameter? (RRB NTPC Stage 1
(c) Group 18 (d) Group 17
2. Which of the following element has 28.04.2016)
Answer (a) group 2
the highest effective nuclear charge? (a) Iodine (b) Fluorine
(RRB Group-D-02/09/2022) 8. Which of the following does not
(c) Chlorine (d) Bromine
increase in going from top to the bottom
(a) C (c) F Answer (a) Iodine
in a group. (RRB JE 26.05.2019)
(b) B (d) Li 15. Which of the following is not present
(a) Atomic radius
Answer (c) F in animals, whereas plants have it?
(b) Valency (RRB NTPC 29.04.2016)
3. Which of the following is NOT a
(c) Metallic properties (a) Cellulose (b) proteins
natural indicator for acids or bases?
(RRB Group-D-09/09/2022) (d) Number of shell in an element (c) Starch (d) Fat
(a) Methyl orange Answer (b) Valency Answer (c) Starch

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 Quick Reminder
Physical & Chemical Changes • Graphite: • Alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons):
1. Physical changes: These changes - Soft and black - Triple bonds
occur when the molecules in a
- Slippery texture - General formula: CnH2n-2
substance are rearranged, but the
substance's internal composition - Conducts electricity
Examples: ethyne (C2H2), propyne
remains the same. Physical changes - High thermal conductivity (C3H4), butyne (C4H6)
can involve changes in a substance's • Fullerenes: - Properties: odorless, colorless,
color, shape, size, or state. insoluble in water
- Spherical molecules (e.g., C60,
Examples: of physical changes C70) • Aromatic Compounds:
include melting, evaporation, - Ring-shaped molecules
- Hollow cage-like structure
boiling, cutting paper, and crushing
- Has a high melting point and - Alternating double bonds
a rock.
boiling point Examples: benzene (C6H6), toluene
2. Chemical changes: These changes (C6H5CH3)
occur when chemical bonds are Carbon Compounds
Important IUPAC names
broken or created, resulting in a new • Hydrocarbons:
substance with a different chemical Alkanes:
- Contain only carbon and
composition. Chemical changes are • CH4 - Methane
hydrogen
associated with chemical reactions • C2H6 - Ethane
that rearrange atoms to form new - Saturated (alkanes) and
• C3H8 - Propane
combinations. Examples of chemical unsaturated (alkenes and
alkynes) • C4H10 - Butane
changes include dissolving instant
coffee in water, dissolving sugar and - Have a general formula of CnHm • C5H12 - Pentane
salt in water, precipitation reactions, Alkenes:
• Functional Groups:
and acid-base reactions. • CH2=CH2 - Ethene
- Specific groups of atoms within a
Carbon & it's compound molecule • CH3CH=CH2 - Propene
1. Carbon: - Determine chemical properties • CH3CH2CH=CH2 - 1-Butene
• Atomic number: 6 Alkynes:
Examples: hydroxyl (-OH),
• Atomic mass: 12.01 carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), • CH=CH - Ethyne
• Electronic configuration: 1s² 2s² methyl (-CH3), ethyl (-C2H5) • CH=CCH3 - Propyne
2p² Types of Carbon Compounds Alcohols:
• Valence electrons: 4 • Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons): • CH3OH - Methanol
• Properties: - Single bonds only • C2H5OH - Ethanol
- Tetravalent (forms 4 bonds) • C3H7OH - Propanol
- General formula: CnH2n+2
- Can form long chains and rings Carboxylic Acids:
Examples: methane (CH4), ethane
- Can form single, double, and (C2H6), propane (C3H8) • HCOOH - Methanoic acid
triple bonds - Properties: odorless, colorless, • CH3COOH - Ethanoic acid
- Has a high melting point and insoluble in water • C2H5COOH - Propanoic acid
boiling point Ketones:
• Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons):
Allotropes of Carbon • CH3COCH3 - Propan-2-one (or Acetone)
- Double bonds
• Diamond: • CH3COCH2CH3 - Butan-2-one
- General formula: CnH2n
- Crystalline structure Aldehydes:
Examples: ethene (C2H4), propene
- Hard and transparent (C3H6), butene (C4H8) • HCHO - Methanal (or Formaldehyde)
- High melting point (3800 K) • CH3CHO - Ethanal (or Acetaldehyde)
- Properties: odorless, colorless,
- High thermal conductivity insoluble in water • C2H5CHO - Propanal

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 19
Human Body
HUMAN BODY • The voltage difference (Resting • The group of nerve cell with myelin
• The base of life is Ans : Amino acids membrane potential) of nerve fibre sheath are called Ans : White matter

• The largest cell in human body is Ans : 70 mV • 11th cranial nerve is an example of
• Parts of Neuron Ans : Axon, Dendron Ans : Motor nerves
Ans : Neuron
and Synaptic knob • Vagus (cranial nerve), spinal nerve
• Life originated from Ans : Water
• The long fibre of neuron Ans : Axon etc are examples of Ans : Mixed
• Theory of evolution was proposed by nerves
• Axon is covered by
Ans : Charles Darwin • Optic nerve is an example of
Ans : Myelin Sheath
• The largest cell in human body Ans : Sensory nerves
• Myelin sheath is made up of
Ans : Ovum • The disease that occurs due to the
Ans : Fat molecules
• The smallest cell in human body loss of neuron in thebrain
• Synaptic knob is seen at the top of
Ans : Sperm Ans : Alzheimer’s disease
Ans : Axon
• The main function of sweating is to • The loss of motor neuron in the body
• Group of axons which are covered by
regulate the Ans : Parkinson’s disease
connective tissue known as
Ans : Body temperature BRAIN
Ans : Nerves
• Normal temperature of human body • Brain is enclosed and protected in
• Nerves are of three types
Ans : 36.9°C (98.4°F) Ans : Cranium
Ans : Sensory nerves, Motor nerves
• The temperature of human body in and Mixed nerves • Average weight of an adult human
brain Ans : 1.4 kg (1400 gm)
Ans : Kelvin scale - 310K • The nerves that conduct impulses
from sensory organs to brain or • Brain is covered and protected by a
• The most abundant mineral in the
spinal cord is called Ans : Sensory three layered membrane known as
human body Ans : Calcium
nerves Ans : Meninges
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Mixed nerves are formed by • Meningitis is affected to
• Central Nervous System consists of
Ans : Sensory nerves and motor Ans : Meninges
Ans : Brain and Spinal cord
nerves • The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis
• The whole nervous system controlled is done by culture of
• The axonite passes an impulse into
and co-ordinated by
another neuron through a junction Ans : CSF sample
Ans : Central Nervous System called Ans : Synapse • Vasopressin and oxytocin are
• The basic unit of nervous system is • The transmitter substances which produced by Ans : Hypothalamus
Ans : Neuron are present in the synapse are usually • It also controls the hormone
• The speciality of neurons from other in the form of Ans : Acetylcholine production of Ans : Pituitary gland
cell is that they lack the capability of • Colour of the myelin sheath • ADH (Vasopressin) is the hormone
Ans : Cell division Ans : White colour which regulates
• The speed of impulses through • The group of nerve cells which lack Ans : Water content in the body
neurons to brain is the myelin sheath are called • Key hormone for child birth
Ans : 0.5 -100 m/s Ans : Grey matter Ans : Oxytocin

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• Oxytocin also maintains the normal • Cerebellum controls SPINAL CORD
level of Ans : Blood particles Ans : Muscular movements • Spinal cord extends from medulla
• The clear, colorless body fluid found • Equilibrium, Orientation and Balance oblongata to posterior most part of
in the brain and spine Ans : Vertebral column
of the body are controlled by
Ans : Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) • Length of Spinal cord Ans : 45 cm
Ans : Cerebellum
• The fluid protects against the • Spinal cord is also covered with
• Cerebellum is also known as
mechanical injury and external shock
Ans : Little brain Ans : Meninges
Ans : Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Alcohol affects the Ans : Cerebellum • Spinal cord is situated in the neural
• Brain can be divided into three parts canal of Ans : Vertebral column
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Ans : Cerebrum, Cerebellum and • The site of reflex actions
Medulla oblongata • The posterior most part of the brain
Ans : Spinal Cord
CEREBRUM Ans : Medulla Oblongata
CRANIAL NERVES
• The largest part of the brain • Medulla Oblongata seems like a rod
• The nerves arising from the different
Ans : Cerebrum and attached to the
part of brain is called
• The surface of the cerebrum is closely Ans : Cerebellum
Ans : Cranial nerves
packed with cell body of • Involuntary actions like respiration,
• Number of cranial nerves
Ans : Neurons heart beat, contraction of blood
vessels etc. are controlled by Ans : 12 pairs
• The nerve band which separates the
Ans : Medulla Oblongata • Number of spinal nerves
right and left hemispheres of the
brain is calledAns : Corpus callosum • The control centers of sneezing, Ans : 31 pairs
• The special nerve for speech language coughing vomiting etc are also • The longest cranial nerve in human
in the brain Ans : Broca’s area present in body Ans : Vagus nerve
• The part of the cerebrum which is Ans : Medulla Oblongata SENSORY ORGANS
known as sensory speech area • The part of brain in which an injury • Environmental changes are detected
(motor speech area) Ans : Broca’s causes a sudden death through our Ans : Sense organs
area
Ans : Medulla Oblongata • The human sense organs contain
• The seat of intelligence in brain receptors that relay information
THALAMUS
Ans : Cerebrum through sensory neurons to the
• Thalamus is seen inside the appropriate places within the
• The part of the cerebrum associated
with the ability of recognise and Ans : Brain Ans : Nervous system
understand language • The centre of retransmission of • Eyes help to see the objects
Ans : Wernickers area impulses from cerebrum to • Eyes are situated inside a body cavity
cerebellum Ans : Thalamus of the skull called Ans : Orbits
• The part of brain which controls
thoughts, emotion, will power, • Pain killers works on Ans : • Study of eye and eye diseases
memory, consciousness, Thalamus
Ans : Ophthalmology
imagination, experience, HYPOTHALAMUS
recognisation, reasoning, laughing • There are three layers present in the
• Hypothalamus is seen just below the eye ball Ans : Sclera, Choroid, Retina
Ans : Cerebrum
Ans : Thalamus • The transparent front portion of
• All voluntary actions are controlled
by • Temperature regulation, hunger, sclera is known as Ans : Cornea
thirst, emotional reactions etc are • The middle layer of eye, nourishes
Ans : Cerebrum
controlled by Ans : Hypothalamus oxygen and food Ans : Choroid
CEREBELLUM
• Thermo regulatory centre of the • Behind the cornea the front portion
• Second largest part of the brain human body Ans : Hypothalamus of choroid, hangs like a vertical
Ans : Cerebellum curtain called Ans : Iris
• Part of the brain that helps to
• Cerebellum is seen just below the maintain the normal constitution of • The opening seen at the centre of iris
Ans : Cerebellum blood Ans : Hypothalamus is called Ans : Pupil

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• The convex lens is present just behind • The enzyme present in tears are • Squint eye is otherwise known as
the Ans : Pupil Ans : Lysozymes Ans : Crossed eye / Strabismus
• The innermost layer of eye where the • If the distant object is looked at • The defect of squint eye is corrected
image is formed Ans : Retina fixedly, a clear image is formed in by Ans : Eye surgery
• The space between lens and cornea Ans : Yellow spot • The condition due to the increase of j
is called Ans : Aqueous chamber
• The right distance which enable the pressure in the eye ball
• Aqueous chamber is filled with proper vision is Ans : 25cm
Ans : Glaucoma
Ans : Aqueous humour • The metal responsible for brightness
• Pain in eyes and seeing halos around
• Aqueous humour supplies oxygen of eye Ans : Zinc
light are due to Ans : Glaucoma
and nutrition for • The metal seen in tear is Ans : Zinc
Ans : Lens and cornea • Inflammation of the outermost layer
• The lens present in eye is of the white part of the eye and the
• The space between lens and retina is Ans : Biconvex lens inner surface of the eyelid
called Ans : Vitreous chamber
• The lachrymal glands produce Ans : Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Vitreous chamber is filled with
Ans : Tears • Disable to distinguish the colours is
Vitreous humour
EYE DISORDER known as Ans : Colour Blindness
• Vitreous humour helps to maintain
• The disease caused by a reduction in • A person who suffers colour
the shape of Ans : Eyeball
the elasticity of lens, with age is blindness cannot distinguish
• The ‘safe guards of eye’ Ans : Eyelids called Ans : Presbyopia
Ans : Red and Green
• Yellow spot (fovea) is seen in • The lens becomes either partially or
Ans : Retina completely opaque with age • Colour blindess is also known as

• The area of keenest vision and the Ans : Cataract Ans : Daltonism
region is characterised by the • The condition of not seeing distant • Colour blindness was discovered by
presence of cones only objects clearly since the image is Ans : John Dalton
Ans : Yellow spot formed in front of the retina
• The procedure of replacing abnormal
• Outer layer of eye Ans : Sclera Ans : Short-sight corneal tissue with a healthy cornea
• Middle layer of eye Ans : Choroid • Short- sight is otherwise known as is known as Ans : Keratoplasty
• Inner layer of eye Ans : Retina Ans : Myopia (Near- sightedness) • The newly discovered layer in human
• The cells responsible for dim light • The defect of short- sight is corrected cornea is Ans : Dua’s layer
vision Ans : Rods cells by using Ans : Bi concave lens • Dua’s layer is discovered by the
• The pigment present in rod cells • The condition of not seeing near Indian Scientist
Ans : Rhodopsin objects clearly since the image is Ans : Harminder Singh Dua
formed behind the retina
• Rhodopsin is called • The abnormal protrusion of the
Ans : Long-Sight
Ans : Visual purple eyeball or eyeballs is called
• Long-sight is otherwise known as
• The compound obtained from Ans : Exophthalmos
vitamin A help to synthesize Ans : Hypermetropia
• The visual activity can be measured
Rhodopsin Ans : Retinin • The defect of long- sight is corrected using an eye chart called
• The poor vision in Dim light is caused by using Ans : Bi convex lens
Ans : Snellen chart
due to the deficiency of • The condition of curvature of cornea
become irregular and the image is not • The retention of a visual image for a
Ans : Vitamin A
clearly formed Ans : Astigmatism second after the removal of the object
• The poor vision in Dim light is known is called
as Ans : Night Blindness • The defect of Astigmatism is corrected
by using Ans : Cylindrical lens Ans: Persistence of vision The
• Cone cells help to percept the colours
• The condition in which the eyes do instrument used to examine the
and cone cells contain a pigment
not properly align with each other inner eye Ophthalmoscope
called Ans : Photospin
when looking at an object • The first eye transplant surgery was
• Cells responsible for bright light
vision and colour visionAns : Cone Ans : Crossed eye / Strabismus / done by
Cells Squint Eye Ans : Edward Konard Sim (1905)

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 EAR • The instrument used for examining • Through respiration we obtain
• The organ of hearing and equilibrium the outer ear drum Ans : Otoscope Ans : Oxygen
Ans : Ear • The part of ear which has a shape of • The respiratory system extends from
small snail shell Ans : Cochlea nostrils to Ans : Lungs
• Each ear consists of three parts
• The part of ear which helps hearing • The arrangement to prevent the food
Ans : External ear, middle ear and
inner ear Ans : Cochlea particles entering the trachea during
respiration is called Ans : Epiglottis
• The external or outer ear consists Of TONGUE
• The wall of the trachea is made up of
Ans : Pinna, auditory canal and • The taste sensation is possible
tympanic membrane through Ans : Taste buds Ans : ‘C’ shaped cartilaginous rings
• The narrow cavity middle ear consists • The small projections on the surface • Lungs are situated in Ans: Thorax
of network of three bones of tongue are called Ans : Papillae • The organ without muscles
Ans : Malleus, incus and stapes • The nerve that is related to the Ans: Lungs
• The minimum sound frequency for a movement of tongue is called • These airsacs are known as alveoli
human can hear Ans : 20Hz Ans : Hypoglossal Nerve (Singular: alveolus)Haemoglobin in
• A normal person hears sound • The nerve related to taste, facial RBC transport Ans : Oxygen
frequencies from expression etc Ans : Facial Nerve • The air that is expired and inspired
Ans : 20Hz to 20,000 Hz during a normal respiration is called
• Taste buds at the tip of the tongue are
• Hammer like bone in the middle year sensitive to Ans : Tidal air
Ans : Malleus Ans : Salt and Sweet taste • The volume of air inspired and
expired during normal respiration is
• Anvil like bone in the middle ear • Taste buds at the both side of the
called Ans : Tidal volume (500ml)
Ans : Incus tongue are sensitive to
• The condition in which a person is
• Horse shoe shaped (stirrup) bone in Ans : Sour taste
not able to respire normally and
ear Ans : Stapes • Taste buds at the back of the tongue won’t get enough oxygen is called
• The smallest bone in human body are sensitive to Ans : Bitter taste
Ans : Asphyxia
Ans : Stapes • The disease affecting the tongue is
• Lungs volume can be measured using
• The narrow tube which connects the called Ans : Red Beef Tongue
Ans : Spirometer
pharynx to middle ear cavity is called • Substance which evokes sour taste
• Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Emphysema,
Ans : Eustachian tube Ans : H ions SARS, Silicosis, Tuberculosis, Asthma
• The narrow tube which helps to • Substance which evokes salt taste etc are diseases which affect the
maintain the air pressure of ear Ans : Na ions Ans : Lungs
cavity Ans : Eustachian tube
SKIN • The amount of oxygen in expired air
• The membrane which separates
• The study of skin is Ans : Dermatology Ans : 16%
middle ear from inner ear is called
• The largest sensory organ in the body • The amount of oxygen is inspired air
Ans : Oval window
Ans : Skin Ans: 21%
• Inner part of the inner ear
• Largest organ in the body Ans : Skin • The amount of C02 in inspired air
Ans : Vestibule, cochlea and semi
circular canals • The sense of touch is great at the tips Ans : 5%
• The calcium carbonate particles of Ans : Fingers and toes • The amount C02 in expired air
present in Vestibules are called • Skin weighs about Ans : 5.5 Kg Ans: 0.03%
Ans : Otoliths • Immunity, water balance, NOSE
• The fluid filled in the inner ear are temperature regulation etc are
• The organ for both respiration and
functions of the Ans : Skin
Ans : Perilymph and Endolymph sense of smell Ans : Nose
• The outer layer of skin is called
• The equilibrium of the body is • The condition in which smell cannot
maintained by Ans : Epidermis be recognized Ans : Anosmia
Ans : Vertibules and semi circular • The inner layer of skin is called • The nerve which related to olfactory
canals Ans : Dermis is known as Ans : Olfactory nerve

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• The condition of bleeding from nose • The hormone helps the kidney to • The muscles that cannot move
Ans : Epistaxis reabsorb the water according to our will is known as

• Snakes, lizards etc can detect smell Ans : Anti Diuretic Hormone Ans : Involuntary muscles
through their Ans : Tongues • Diabetes insipidus is the disease • The fibres that connect muscle with
• The part of the brain which helps in caused by the deficiency of bones are known as Ans : Tendon
olfactor is Ans : Cerebrum Ans : ADH (vasopressin) • Proteins present in the muscles
• The ability of olfaction is high in • The disease caused by the Ans : Actin and Myosin
Ans : Sharks inflammation of nephron • Pigment present in the muscles
• In land the ability of olfaction is high Ans : Nephritis Ans : Myoglobin
in Ans : Dog • Nephritis is also known as • The restless muscle in the human
KIDNEY Ans : Bright’s Disease body Ans : Cardiac Muscle
• Study of Kidney Ans : Nephrology • Surgical removal of kidney is called • Largest muscle
• The bean shaped organ in human Ans : Nephrectomy First transplanted Ans : Gluteus maximus in buttock
body Ans : Kidneys organ Kidney region
• The major excretory organ in human • First kidney transplantation was • Smallest muscles is
body Pair of Ans : Kidney done by Ans : Dr.R.H.Laler (1950) Ans : Stapedius in the ear
• Name the tube that carries the wire • The element which causes kidney • Longest muscle Is Ans : Sartourius
from kidney to urinary bladder diseases Ans : Cadmium
• The only organ devoid of muscle
Ans : Ureter • The type of pain caused by kidney
Ans : Lungs
• The organ which purify the blood and stones when it blocks the urinary
tract Ans : Renal colic • The instrument used to measure
the waste materials excreted through
urine Ans : Kidneys • Chemically kidney stone is muscle contraction Ans : Kymograph

• The organ situated behind the Ans : Calcium Oxalate • Most frequently working muscle
abdomen, are on each side of • Renal artery is the blood vessel that Ans : Eyelids
vertebral column Ans : Kidneys carries blood to Ans : Kidney • The exhaustion of muscle is known
• Each kidney weighs about • The blood vessel which carries blood as Ans : Muscle fatigue
Ans : 150 g filtered by the kidney • The pain occurring in the cardiac
• 1100 ml of blood pass through the Ans : Renal vein muscle Ans : Angina
kidney per Ans : Minute • The process of removal of urea from MAJOR BONES
• The micro sieves inside the kidney the blood by equipments when both • Cranium - 8
Ans : Nephrons kidneys failed to remove urea • Facial - 14
• The cup shaped part of a nephron Ans : Dialysis
• EarEar - 6
Ans : Bowman’s capsule MUSCLES
• Neck - 7
• The capillaries of the Bowman’s • The only organ that enables
• Vertebral column - 33
capsule Ans : Glomerulus movements including locomotion
• Ribs - 24
• The organ affected by the poison of Ans : Muscle
• The only bone capable of movement
viper Ans : Kidney • Types of muscles in human body in skull
• The 96% of urine is Ans : Water according to their action
Ans : Mandible or lower jaw bones
• 2% of urine is composed of Ans : 2 (voluntary and involuntary)
• The bones present in Forearm
Ans : Urea and salt • The muscles that can be moved
according to our will are known as Ans : Radius and Ulna
• The pale yellow colour of urine is the
Ans : Voluntary muscles • The bones present in Shank region
presence of a pigment known as
Ans : Urochrome • Voluntary muscles are attached to Ans : Tibia and Fibula

• About 1.5 litre of urine is secreted by boxesso they are otherwise called • Largest bone in the human body
an adult man in Ans : 24 hours Ans : Skeletal muscles Ans : Femur

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• Smallest bone in the human body • Digestive enzyme found in saliva is • Under normal circumstances, mucus
Ans : Stapes amylase (RRB Group-D- 29/08/2022 works to protect the inner layer of
(Shift-III), RRB Group-D 2018) the stomach from the reaction of acid
• The compound essential for bone
• _____ has a relatively long small (RRB NTPC 05.01.2021 (Shift-I)
Ans : Calcium phosphate
intestine - Cow (RRB Group-D- 23/08/ • After digestion, protein gets
• Metal which is abundant in bone 2022 (Shift-II)
converted into amino acids (RRB NTPC
Ans : Calcium • ______A protein digestive enzyme 29.01.2021 (Shift-II)
• Tissue that connects a bone to produced in the stomach is- Pepsin
• In humans the process of digestion
another bone Ans : Ligament (RRB Group-D- 26/08/2022 (Shift-II)
of food begins in the_____and is
• Inflammation of joints due to the • _____Shrinks the size of large fat
completed in the_____ – mouth; Small
accumulation of uric acid Ans : Gout globules, allowing enzymes to work
Intestine (RRB NTPC 13.03.2021
more effectively - Bile salts (RRB
• Breaking of bone is called (Shift-II)
Group-D- 25/08/2022 (Shift-1)
Ans : Fracture • The largest part of the stomach of
• When dipped in gastric juice, the
• When a bone breaks and projects color of pH paper will turn red (RRB hoofed animals is ____- Rumen (RRB
through muscle and skin Group-D- 28/09/2022 (Shift-II) NTPC 13.03.2021 (Shift-II)
Ans : Compound fracture • Tooth decay starts at this pH level - - • The largest gland found in the human
• Elbow and knee joints are the At pH less than 5.5 (RRB Group-D-RRB body is the liver (RRB NTPC
example of Ans : Hinge joints ALP & Tech.-2018 28/09/2022 (Shift- 21.01.2021 (Shift-I)
1)
• Shoulder and hip joints are example • The correct sequence of stages of the
of Ans : Ball and Socket joints • This process taking place in the digestive system is- Ingestion,
human digestive system is similar to Digestion, Absorption, Excretion (RRB
Previous Year Questions
the process of emulsification of soap
• Lymph transports digested and NTPC 18.01.2021 (Shift-I)
on dirt - providing acidic medium by
absorbed fats in the intestines (RRB bile juice (RRB Group-D- 17/08/2022 • The shape of this part of the digestive
Group-D- 12/09/2022 (Shift-II) (Shift-II) system is similar to the letter J of the
• Liver is involved in the emulsification • This enzyme present in saliva English alphabet – Stomach (RRB
of fats (RRB Group-D 12/09/2022 decomposes the complex molecule of NTPC 13.03.2021 (Shift-II)
(Shift-11) starch into simple sugar molecule – • In the human body, fat digestion
• Complete digestion of carbohydrates, Salivary Amylase (RRB Group-D- 17/ occurs mainly in _____. – Small
proteins and fats takes place in the 09/2022 (Shift-1), RRB Group-D- 15/ Intestine (RRB NTPC 03.04.2021
small intestine (RRB Group-D 06/9/ 09/2022 ( Shift-III) (Shift-II)
2022 (Shift-1)(RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) • ____acid is formed in human • Enzyme secreted by pancreas –
• Why do fats present in the diet create stomach – HCI (RRB Group-D- 17/09/
Trypsin (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
enlarged balls in the small intestine 2022 (Shift-II), RRB NTPC 17/01/2021
- Because fats do not mix well with (Shift-II) • The receptor for detecting taste is
the watery slurry produced in the called – taste receptor (RRB ALP &
• Converts acidic food into alkaline in
stomach (RRB Group-D 22/09/2022 the alimentary canal – bile juice (RRB Tec. 2018)
(Shift-11) Group-D- 29/09/2022 (Shift-II) • The instrument used to examine the
• An adult human being has only • There are thousands of finger-like digestive system of a person is called
____incisors in his mouth – eight (RRB shapes protruding on the inner - Endoscope (RRB NTPC 2016)
Group-D: 08/09/2022 (Shift-II) surface of the small intestine, which • Duodenum is part of ___-small
• In humans, this part of the alimentary are called villi (RRB NTPC intestine (RRB NTPC 2016)
canal excretes waste material – anus 07.03.2021 (Shift-1), RRB NTPC
(RRB Group-D- 06/09/2022 (Shift – II) 09.02.2021 (Shift-1) • Tooth enamel is made of calcium
phosphate (RRB NTPC 2016)
• Buccal cavity is a part of human ____ • Enzyme which is used to convert
system – Digestion (RRB Group-D- 06/ proteins into peptides – Pepsin (RRB • In the human body, the larynx is
09/2022 (Shift-III) NTPC 15.02.2021 (Shift-I) called – voice box (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Villi are present in this part of the • _____receptor is located on the • On an average, ____ taste buds are
human body -small intestine (RRB tongue – Rasosensory (RRB NTPC present in the human tongue – 2000
Group-D- 28/09/2022 (Shift-III) 10.01.2021 (Shift-I) to 8000 (RRB NTPC 2016)

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• The entire digestive system of an adult • Pulsating movements, called pulses, the organs of the body – Hemoglobin
human i.e. from mouth to anus is are felt due to – Due to blood flowing (RRB NTPC 16.01.2021 (Shift-II) , RRB
______ long – 9 meters (RRB NTPC in the arteries (RRB Group-D 30/09/ NTPC 12.01.2021 (Shift-II)
2016) 2022 (Shift-II) • The normal systolic pressure of
• Through this process food passes • A man with blood group A, married human blood is – 120 mm Hg (RRB
into the alimentary canal – ingestion to a woman with blood group B, has NTPC 05.04.2021 (Shift-1)
(RRB NTPC 2016) a child whose blood group is AB. In • The largest artery of the human body
• The contraction and expansion of the the context of genetics, this means is – Aorta (RRB NTPC 10.01.2021
walls of the food pipe is called that both blood group A genes and (Shift-1)
peristaltic movement (RRB NTPC blood group B genes are dominant.
• The blood group which is called
2016) (RRB Group-D – 27/09/2022 (Shift-III)
universal donor – 0 blood group (RRB
• The function of bile can be called – • It transports digested and absorbed Group – D 03/08/2022 Shift – III)
emulsification (RRB NTPC 2017) fat from the intestine – Lymph (RRB
• Pulse beat is measured from ____
Group-D- 14/09/2022 (Shift-III)
• ______ enzyme present in pancreatic - artery (RRB JE 2019)
• Respiratory pigments in the human
juice converts proteins into amino • Normal human blood is – slightly
body are found in – Red blood cells
acids – Trypsin (RRB Group-D 2018) alkaline (RRB JE 2014)
(RRB Group-D- 24/08/2022 (Shift-II)
• During digestion, the role of bile is – • This component of blood transports
• In the human circulatory system, all
emulsification of fats (RRB Group-D food, CO2 and nitrogenous wastes
veins carry blood toward the heart.
2018) – Plasma (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
This is the difference between
• _____ enzyme is secreted from the pulmonary vein and other veins - • ____tissue changes the diameter of
salivary gland – amylase (RRB Group- Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated the blood vessel – muscle (RRB ALP &
D 2018) blood (RRB Group-D- 05/09/2022 Tec. 2018)
• Explain the type of energy (Shift-11) • That part of the blood which contains
transformation that occurs during • The liquid part of human blood, 92% water and the remaining 8%
the process of digestion of food – called _____, is made up of water, contains proteins, minerals, hormones,
from chemical energy to heat energy salts and proteins – plasma (RRB enzymes and other substances – Plasma
(RRB Group-D 2018) NTPC 14/06/2022 (Shift-1) (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
• Vegetarians require a long small • This human cell has the ability to • The pulse rate of the human body is
intestine to digest ........- Cellulose change its shape -WBC (RRB Group- checked – to check the functioning of
(RRB Group-D 2018) D- 17/08/2022 (Shift-III) the heart (RRB NTPC 2016).
• The common route for food and air • The average weight of an adult human • Angioplasty is performed on this part
in humans is – pharynx (RRB Group- heart is approximately____-300 gm of the human body – Heart (RRB JE
D 2018) (RRB NTPC 03.03.2021 (Shift-1) 2019)
• Liver functions- Digestion (RRB Group- • Blood pressure is the force that blood • The protein present in hemoglobin is-
D 2018) exerts on the wall of the nostrils. (RRB Globin (RRB JE 2019)
• This pigment has high affinity for NTPC 08.03.2021 (Shift-1) • Human blood platelets release ____
oxygen – Hemoglobin (RRB Group-D • Karl Landsteiner is known for this. which helps in blood clotting
– 18/09/2022 (Shift-II) – Discovery of Classification of Blood – prothrombin (RRB NTPC 2016)
• Name of the instrument used by Groups (RRB NTPC 07.04.2021 (Shift-I) • A, B and O blood group system was
doctors to measure blood pressure – • Blood contains a liquid matrix called invented by – Karl Landsteiner (RRB
Sphygmomanometer (RRB Group-D- ____, in which red blood cells (RBCs), NTPC 2016)
09/09/2022 (Shift-III) white blood cells (WBCs) and • Blood in the body of an adult human
• It is identical to blood plasma, but platelets float - Plasma (RRB NTPC being – 5 liters (RRB NTPC 2016)
colorless, and contains less protein 23.01.2021 (Shift-II) • Describes the function of the heart
– Lymph (RRB Group-D – 16/09/2022 • The function of RBC in the human more appropriately – Echocardiogram
(Shift-1) body is to provide oxygen to the body (RRB NTPC 2016)
• _____ cells help in blood clotting – cells (RRB NTPC 02.03.2021 (Shift-11) • A person with AB blood group – can
Platelets (RRB Group-D – 28/09/2022 • A pigment present in human blood that take blood from any group. (RRB NTPC
(Shift-II) carries oxygen from our lungs to all 2016)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 136 Railway General Science

• Arteries carry blood, which is filled • Pulsating movements, called pulses, • A pigment present in human blood
with oxygen (RRB NTPC 2016). are felt due to – Due to blood flowing that carries oxygen from our lungs to
• Circulates impure blood – Pulmonary in the arteries (RRB Group-D 30/09/ all the organs of the body –Hemoglobin
artery (RRB NTPC 2016) 2022 (Shift-II) (RRB NTPC 16.01.2021 (Shift-II) , RRB
• A man with blood group A, married NTPC 12.01.2021 (Shift-11)
• Vein that collects blood from anterior
parts of the body – Superior vena cava to a woman with blood group B, has • The normal systolic pressure of
(RRB Group-D 2018) a child whose blood group is AB. In human blood is – 120 mm Hg (RRB
the context of genetics, this means NTPC 05.04.2021 (Shift-1)
• The largest corpuscles in human blood
that both blood group A genes and
are white cells (RRB Group-D 2018) • The largest artery of the human body
blood group B genes are dominant.
• Cardiac muscle cells are- cylindrical, is – Aorta (RRB NTPC 10.01.2021
(RRB Group-D – 27/09/2022 (Shift-III)
branched and uninuclear (RRB Group- (Shift-1)
• It transports digested and absorbed
D 2018) • The blood group which is called
fat from the intestine – Lymph (RRB
• The tube, which originates from the universal donor – 0 blood group (RRB
Group-D- 14/09/2022 (Shift-III)
heart and carries blood to various Group – D 03/08/2022 Shift – III)
• Respiratory pigments in the human
organs in the body – artery (RRB • Pulse beat is measured from ____
body are found in – Red blood cells
Group-D 2018) - artery (RRB JE 2019(
(RRB Group-D- 24/08/2022 (Shift-II)
• Cardiac cycle is – a cycle of • Normal human blood is – slightly
• In the human circulatory system, all
contraction and relaxation of the alkaline (RRB JE 2014)
veins carry blood toward the heart.
heart (RRB Group-D 2018)
This is the difference between • This component of blood transports
• Can be compared to soldiers – White pulmonary vein and other veins food, CO2 and nitrogenous wastes
blood cells (RRB Group-D 2018) - Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated – Plasma (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
• The wall of the ventricle is ____ blood (RRB Group-D- 05/09/2022 • ____tissue changes the diameter of
thicker than the wall of the atrium (Shift-11) the blood vessel – muscle (RRB ALP &
(RRB JE 2019) • The liquid part of human blood, Tec. 2018)
• The heart is covered with two layers called _____, is made up of water,
• That part of the blood which contains
of membrane. These membranes are salts and proteins – plasma (RRB
92% water and the remaining 8%
called pericardial membrane (RRB NTPC 14/06/2022 (Shift-1)
contains proteins, minerals, hormones,
Group-D 2018) • This human cell has the ability to enzymes and other substances – Plasma
• The microscopic tubes through which change its shape -WBC (RRB Group- (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018)
blood flows from arteries to veins are D- 17/08/2022 (Shift-III)
• The pulse rate of the human body is
called capillaries (RRB JE 2019) • The average weight of an adult checked – to check the functioning of
• Purkinje fibers are specialized – human heart is approximately____ the heart (RRB NTPC 2016).
nerve fibers in the heart (RRB JE 2019) -300 gm (RRB NTPC 03.03.2021
• Angioplasty is performed on this part
(Shift-1)
• Controls the heart rate of patients of the human body – Heart (RRB JE
– Pacemaker (RRB JE 2019) • Blood pressure is the force that blood 2019)
exerts on the wall of the nostrils. (RRB
• This pigment has high affinity for • The protein present in hemoglobin is
NTPC 08.03.2021 (Shift-1)
oxygen – Hemoglobin (RRB Group-D - Globin (RRB JE 2019)
– 18/09/2022 (Shift-II) • Karl Landsteiner is known for this.
– Discovery of Classification of Blood • Human blood platelets release __ which
• Name of the instrument used by helps in blood clotting– prothrombin
Groups (RRB NTPC 07.04.2021
doctors to measure blood pressure (RRB NTPC 2016)
– Sphygmomanometer (RRB Group- (Shift-I)
D- 09/09/2022 (Shift-III) • Blood contains a liquid matrix called • A, B and O blood group system was
____, in which red blood cells (RBCs), invented by – Karl Landsteiner (RRB
• It is identical to blood plasma, but
white blood cells (WBCs) and NTPC 2016)
colorless, and contains less protein
platelets float - Plasma (RRB NTPC • Blood in the body of an adult human
– Lymph (RRB Group-D – 16/09/2022
23.01.2021 (Shift-II) being – 5 liters (RRB NTPC 2016)
(Shift-1)
• _____ cells help in blood clotting – • The function of RBC in the human • Describes the function of the heart
Platelets (RRB Group-D – 28/09/2022 body is to provide oxygen to the body more appropriately – Echocardiogram
(Shift-II) cells (RRB NTPC 02.03.2021 (Shift-11) (RRB NTPC 2016)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 137 Railway General Science

• A person with AB blood group – can this organelle – cytoplasm (RRB • The advantage of the long tubular
take blood from any group. (RRB NTPC Group-D- 27/09/2022 (Shift-1 ) structure of the nephron is that the
2016) • The balloon-like structure long tubule provides time and space
• Arteries carry blood, which is filled for reabsorption of excess water
(structures) present in the lungs
with oxygen (RRB NTPC 2016). from the initial filtration. (RRB Group-
where exchange of gases takes place
D- 13/09/2022 (Shift-II)
• Circulates impure blood – Pulmonary are called – alveoli (RRB Group-D 05/
artery (RRB NTPC 2016) 09/2022 (Shift-III), RRB JE 2019) • The correct sequential order of
excretory system in humans is-
• Vein that collects blood from anterior • When respiration occurs even in the
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra (RRB
parts of the body – Superior vena cava absence of oxygen, it is called ______
Group- D- 20/09/2022 (Shift-II)
(RRB Group-D 2018) respiration – Anaerobic (RRB NTPC
• The process of removing nitrogenous
• The largest corpuscles in human 23.01.2021 (Shift-1)
wastes using artificial kidneys is
blood are white cells (RRB Group-D • Trachea is a part of this human system called - Hemodialysis (RRB Group-D-
2018) – Respiratory system (RRB NTPC 27/09/2022 (Shift-II)
• Cardiac muscle cells are- cylindrical, 31.07.2021 (Shift-1)
• Constitutes the human excretory
branched and uninuclear (RRB Group- • The function of alveoli is to provide system – a pair of kidneys, a pair of
D 2018)
a surface at the place of exchange ureters, a urinary bladder and a
• The tube, which originates from the of gases. (RRB NTPC 04.02.2021 urethra (RRB Group-D- 09/09/2022
heart and carries blood to various (Shift-1) (Shift-I)
organs in the body – artery (RRB
• When there is a lack of oxygen in the • In humans, the ‘urea cycle’ occurs in
Group-D 2018)
muscle cell, pyruvate gets divided this organ - liver. (RRB Group-D: 29/
• Cardiac cycle is – a cycle of 08/2022 (Shift-11)
into _____- lactic acid and energy (RRB
contraction and relaxation of the
NTPC 10.01.2021 (Shift-1) • Bowman’s Capsule is located in the
heart (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Aerobic respiration occurs – during the human body - in the kidney (RRB
• Can be compared to soldiers – White Group-D- 01/09/2022 (Shift-11)
decomposition of glucose using oxygen
blood cells (RRB Group-D 2018)
(RRB NTPC 02.03.2021 (Shift-II) • What is the amount of water in urine
• The wall of the ventricle is ____ – 95% (RRB Group-D- 30/08/2022
thicker than the wall of the atrium • In the process of respiration, complex
(SHIFT-III)
(RRB JE 2019) organic compounds like glucose are
broken down to provide energy as • Which nitrogenous waste produced
• The heart is covered with two layers in the body is excreted by the human
of membrane. These membranes are _____. ATP (RRB NTPC 09.01.2021
kidney - Urea and uric acid (RRB
called pericardial membrane (RRB (Shift-1)
Group-D - 20/09/2022 (Shift-1)
Group-D 2018) • Glucose molecules break down into
• Three processes are involved in the
• The microscopic tubes through ____ -pyruvic acid (RRB NTPC
formation of urine in the kidney –
which blood flows from arteries to 08.01.2021 (Shift-1)
filtration, selective reabsorption,
veins are called capillaries (RRB JE • Aerobic respiration is-respiration in elimination (RRB Group-D – 17/08/
2019) the presence of oxygen (RRB JE 2019) 2022 (Shift-II)
• Purkinje fibers are specialized – • The respiratory site in bacteria is • In the human kidney, these
nerve fibers in the heart (RRB JE 2019) substances are selectively
– mesosome (RRB JE 2014)
• Controls the heart rate of patients – reabsorbed from the initial filter by
• The respiratory pigment found in
Pacemaker (RRB JE 2019) the tubular part of the nephron –
humans is hemoglobin (RRB ALP &
(iii) Respiratory System glucose, water, salts and amino acids
Tec. 2018, RRB Group-D 2018)
(RRB Group-D- 17/08/2022 (Shift-III)
• The part of the respiratory system • During energy production, glucose
that prevents the airway from • Bowman’s capsule covers _____-
breaks down into pyruvate – in the
collapsing – Cartilage rings (RRB glomerulus (RRB Group-D- 06/10/2022
cytoplasm (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) (Shift-III)
Group-D- 17/08/2022 (Shift-1)
(iv) Excretory System • The correct sequence of the process
• The first step of cellular respiration,
which involves the breakdown of six- • How is urea removed from the blood of urine formation in the human body
carbon molecule glucose into three- by artificial kidney – by osmosis (RRB is – filtration, reabsorption, secretion
carbon molecule pyruvate, occurs in Group-D- 30/09/2022 (Shift-1) (RRB Group-D – 25/08/2022 (Shift-III)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 138 Railway General Science

• An adult human urine consists • We can control the urge to urinate • There are ____spinal nerves in the
of____- 95% water, 2.5% urea and – when the muscular bladder is under human body – 31 pairs (RRB NTPC
2.5% other waste products (RRB neural control (RRB Group-D 2018) 03.04.2021 (Shift-11)
Group-D- 06/10/2022 (Shift-III) • _____is present in the lining of the • ____ part of the brain controls
• Each kidney contains a large number kidney tubule – cuboidal epithelium breathing – medulla (RRB ALP & Tec.
of filtration units, they are called (RRB Group-D 2018) 2018)
_____- Nephrocytes (RRB NTPC • _____is a 20 cm long tube that carries • ‘Auditory’ is related to listening (RRB
10.01.2021 (Shift-1) urine from the urinary bladder – the JE 2019)
• A machine called dialyser, which is urethra (RRB Group-D 2018) • Another name of ear drum is - tympanic
used to clean the blood of the membrane (RRB JE 2019)
(v) Nervous System
patient, is also called artificial • Mouth waters after seeing delicious
____ - kidney (RRB NTPC 08.04.2021 • Olfactory receptors help in sensing
food, this is a neurological reaction
(Shift-1) _____- smell (RRB Group-D: 30/08/
(RRB JE 2014)
2022 (Shift 11)
• Kidney failure is treated from time to • This part of the ear converts sound
time with a kidney machine, a • The part of the human brain that vibrations into electrical signals
process known as hemodialysis (RRB controls the involuntary action of – Cochlea (RRB JE 2019)
NTPC 16.01.2021 (Shift-II) vomiting – Hind brain (RRB Group-D:
• This part of the human ear vibrates
23/08/2022 (Shift-III)
• Transports blood from the heart to according to the sound received
the kidneys – renal artery (RRB NTPC • This part is responsible for providing – tympanic membrane (RRB JE 2019)
22.02.2021 (Shift-11) a specific color to the eyes – Iris (RRB • ‘Olfactory’ is related to smell (RRB JE
Group-D 19/09/2022 (Shift-1) 2019)
• If there is albumin in the urine then
one of the organs of such a person is • Synapse is the point at which _____ • The thermostat of the human body is
likely to suffer from failure – Kidneys impulse of the nervous system passes contained in this organ – Hypothalamus
(RRB NTPC 2016). – from one neuron to another (RRB (RRB SSE 2014)
NTPC 15.02.2021 (Shift-1) • Synapsis and dendrites are related
• Urea is produced in the liver (RRB
NTPC 2016) • Information is received in this part to nerve cells (RRB JE 2014)
of the neuron – Deadrite (RRB NTPC • Cerebellum is responsible for
• The primary function of ______ is to
05.01.2021 (Shift-1) ensuring voluntary actions,
eliminate waste materials from the
blood by producing urine – Kidneys • EEG (Electroencephalogram) test is controlling body movements and
(RRB NTPC 2016) done to diagnose diseases of this maintaining body balance (RRB ALP
organ – Brain (RRB NTPC 31.07.2021 & Tec. 2018)
• The most common compound that
(Shift-1) • Thermoregulation in humans is
forms kidney stones is calcium
• Facilitates light to enter the human controlled by the hypothalamus (RRB
oxalate (RRB NTPC 2016).
NTPC 2016)
• Nephrology is associated with–Kidney eye – Cornea (RRB NTPC 02.03.2021
(Shift-II) • The function of the lens in our eyes is
(RRB NTPC 2016)
to change the focal length of the eye
• _____Dialysis is done in the treatment • The basic structural and functional
(RRB NTPC 2016)
of disease- kidney failure (RRB NTPC unit of the nervous system is – Neurons
(RRB NTPC 02.03.2021 (Shift-1) • The area of the retina where vision is
2016, RRB JE 2019) highest is called the fovea (RRB JE
• In case this human organ gets • Pons is a part of ____organ of human 2019)
damaged or does not function being – Brain (RRB NTPC 13.03.2021
• The external and transparent
properly, the patient is advised (Shift-II)
structure through which the rays of
dialysis – Kidney (RRB Group-D 2018, • It is made up of nerve fibers that light enter the eye is called – sclera
RRB JE 2019) mediate reflex actions and conduct (RRB JE 2019)
• Ultrafiltration is related to emission impulses to the brain and from the • Human eye works on ____ principle –
(RRB Group-D 2018) brain to various parts – Spinal cord Refraction of light (RRB JE 2019)
(RRB NTPC 30.12.2020 (Shift-I)
• The vas deferens unites with the tube • The characteristic of adaptation of
coming from the ____ to form a • The branch like structure of neurons human eyes to see near and distant
common passage called the urethra is called – Branch (RRB NTPC objects is called accommodation (RRB
– urinary bladder (RRB Group-D 2018) 03.04.2021 (Shift-11) NTPC 2016).

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 139 Railway General Science

• The minimum distance of clear • Pinna is the outer part of ____- ear • Approximately how many bones are
vision for a normal eye is – 25 cm (RRB Group-D 2018) there in the body of a newborn baby -
(RRB NTPC 2016) • Where are rod and cone cells found - 300 bones (RRB NTPC 30.01.2021
• When a person can see only nearby in the eye RRB Group-D 2018 (Shift- (Shift-11)
objects, this condition is called III), RRB Group-D 2018) • The smallest organ in this part of the
nearsightedness (RRB NTPC 2016, (vi) Skeletal System human body is – ear (RRB JE 2019)
RRB JE 2019).
• This is the difference between striated • The hardest substance present in the
• To control the eyeball, _____ muscles and unstriated muscle cells – unstriated human body is – tooth enamel (RRB
are used – six (RRB NTPC 2016) muscles do not have voluntary JE 2019)
• Human brain weighs – about 2% of contraction, whereas striated muscles
• The bones around the chest are
the total body weight (RRB NTPC contract as per their wish. (RRB Group-
called ribs (RRB NTPC 2016)
2016) D- 12/09/2022 (Shift-II)
• The spine is called – spinal cord (RRB
• Sound sensation persists in the • During heavy exercise, when energy
JE 2019)
human brain – up to 0.1s (RRB Group- demand is high but the supply of oxygen
to generate energy is limited, muscle • Involuntary muscles in the human
D 2018)
cells show _____- lactic acid formation body are – Heart (RRB NTPC 2016)
• ‘I withdrew my hand from the fire’ is (RRB Group-D-11/10/2022 (Shift-I) , RRB • ______connects muscles to bones-
responsible for such action – spinal Group-D 29/08/2022 (Shift-III) , RRB
cord (RRB Group-D 2018) tendon (RRB Group-D 2018 (Shift-III) ,
Group-D- 15/09/2022 (Shift-I) RRB JE-2014)
• Color vision is related to – cone cells • Bone cells are embedded in a rigid
(RRB JE 2019) • Bone cells are embedded in a rigid
matrix, which is made up of- calcium
matrix which is made up of Ca and P
• This part of the brain plays an and phosphorus (RRB Group-D- 19/
(RRB Group-D 2018)
important role in motor control 09/2022 (Shift-III)
– cerebellum (RRB Group-D 2018) • Softens the surface of the bone at the
• In most animals, movement is the
joint – cartilage (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Helps the eye to adjust the focal coordinated activity of these systems
length of the lens – Ciliary body (RRB – muscular, skeletal and nervous • This mineral is essential for bones –
Group-D 2018) systems (RRB Group-D 22/08/2022 Calcium (RRB JE 2019)
(Shift-1) • These muscles are also called
• _____tissue is made up of neurons,
which receive and conduct impulses • A good way to get relief from leg skeletal muscles – Voluntary (RRB
– nervous (RRB Group-D 2018) muscle cramps after intense activity Group-D 2018)
is to apply pain relieving ointment
• The nature of nerve impulse is- • The smallest bone of the human body
(RRB Group-D- 14/09/2022 (Shift-III)
electrochemical (RRB Group-D 2018) is- Stapedius (RRB JE 2019)
• Dental caries results in _____- soft
• The amount of light entering the eye • These muscles help the heart in
enamel (RRB Group-D- 12/09/2022
is controlled by the pupil (RRB Group- pumping blood to all the parts of the
(Shift-II)
D 2018) body which requires rhythmic
• The cause of muscle cramps is - contraction and relaxation – Cardiac
• Pupil is a part of ____- Eye (RRB JE reduction in oxygen supply to the
2019) (RRB Group-D 2018)
muscles (RRB Group-D 17/09/2022
• Controls involuntary activities like (Shift-II) • A connective tissue with minimal
coughing and sneezing – Medulla matrix is – Muscle (RRB Group-D
• The lubricant found between two
(RRB Group-D 2018) 2018)
bones of a movable joint is called –
• The main part of the brain is- synovial fluid (RRB NTPC 22.02.2021 • Striated muscles are- multi-
Forebrain (RRB Group-D 2018) (Shift-1) nucleated (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Each neuron is made up of a cytone • The number of bones in an adult • Vibration inside the ear is amplified
(cell body), from which many small human body is-206 (RRB NTPC by three bones – hammer, anvil and
branches emerge, called spindles 09.01.2021 (Shift-11) stirrup (RRB Group-D 2018, RRB JE
(RRB Group-D 2018). • ____ part of the muscular system 2019)
• ____is a diaphragm, which controls connects the bone to the bone - • The part of the muscle, which
the passage of light into the eye – ligament (RRB NTPC 25.01.2021 contracts to produce contraction, is
pupil (RRB JE 2019) (Shift-1), RRB NTPC 2016) called actin (RRB JE 2019)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 140 Railway General Science

• Biceps muscles are located in the • The function of insulin in the human • Hormone that causes changes in
human body – in the arm (RRB JE 2019) body is to control how the body uses appearance in boys during puberty -
and stores glucose and sugar. (RRB Testosterone (RRB Group-D 2018)
• Myosin and actin are muscle proteins
NTPC 22.02.2021 (Shift-II)
(RRB JE 2019) • During puberty, secretion of sweat
• _____ Hormone stimulates uterine glands and fat glands increases. This
• Saccolemma is the membrane that
contractions and dilatation of the element is secreted from these glands
covers- muscular Tissue
cervix – Oxytocin (RRB NTPC at this time- Sweat and O il (RRB
• Knee cap is called- Patella (RRB JE 27.02.2021 (Shift-I)
Group-D 2018)
2019) • _____The gland, which hangs from the
• Female hormone estrogen is secreted
• Diabetes occurs due to the deficiency hypothalamus by a thin stalk, is
in women- From Ovary RRB Group-D
of this hormone – Insulin (RRB Group- called the master gland of the human
2018
D 29/08/2022 (Shift-1), RRB NTPC body – Pituitary (RRB NTPC
01.04.2021 (Shift-1) 16.01.2021 (Shift-II) • The hormone that stimulates
• ____Gland produces insulin heartbeat is- Thyroxine (SSC CGL 2016)
• An example of ovarian hormone is –
Estrogen (RRB Group-D- 18/09/2022 hormone -Pancreas (RRB NTPC • Increase in the level of sugar in the
(Shift-11) 31.07.2021 (Shift-1) blood is detected by cells – Pancreas
• Iodine is essential for the synthesis (RRB Group-D 2018)
• When someone is very angry,
embarrassed or worried, the of ______-thyroxine (RRB NTPC • The secretion from the prostate gland
13.01.2021 (Shift-11) , RRB ALP & Tec. enters – into the urethra. (RRB Group-
hormone that helps the body adjust
2018) D 2018)
to stress is Adrenaline (RRB Group-
D- 28/09/2022 (Shift-11) • Insulin regulates blood sugar levels. • Hormone is released in the testicles
(RRB JE 2019)
• It is called hunger hormone, because – Testosterone. (RRB Group-D 2018)
it stimulates appetite, increases food • This hormone is secreted from the
• One of the most important glands of
testicles – Testosterone. (RRB ALP &
intake and increases fat storage–Ghelin our body, the pituitary gland is
Tech. 2018)
(RRB NTPC 12/06/2022 (Shift-II) located – inside the skull (RRB JE 2019)
• _____hormone prevents blood sugar
• The basic function of estrogen is to • This hormone present in the bone
from falling too low - glucagon (RRB
regulate the menstrual cycle (RRB JE 2019) marrow promotes RBC production –
NTPC 24.07.2021 (Shift-1) erythropoietin (RRB JE 2019)
• Thyroid gland is located in this part
• This part of the male human body is of the body – throat. (RRB JE 2019) • Hormones are generally absent in
called ‘Adam’s Apple’ - Throat or bacteria (RRB JE 2019)
• Endocrine glands are called ductless
Leopard (RRB NTPC 19.03.2021
glands. (RRB Group-D 2018) • The hormones produced by the
(Shift-1)
• The emergency hormone in humans thymus gland are called - Thymosin
• Micronutrient is essential for the is Adrenaline. (SSC CGL (TIER-1) 2016) SSC CGL (TIER-1) 2016)
normal functioning of the thyroid (RRB JE 2019) • ____The hormone stimulates the
gland – Iodine (RRB NTPC 07.03.2021
• Dravet’s disease is caused by the process of milk production after
(Shift-1) overexpression of thyroid hormone childbirth – Prolactin (RRB JE 2019)
• Animal hormone is – Insulin (RRB (RRB NTPC 2016).
• Other name of somatotropin is
NTPC 22.01.2021 (Shift-II) • Our skin becomes dark when growth hormone (SSC CHSL 2019)
• Due to the secretion of this hormone, exposed to sunlight, this is due to the
presence of ___- melanin (RRB NTPC • The main function of sweat glands is
there is a simultaneous increase in
2016) to produce sweat. (SSC CPO (SI) 2019)
heart beat and respiratory rate -
Adrenaline (RRB NTPC 31.01.2021 • Human hypothalamus is present in • Tear gland is located in the eye cavity
(Shift-II) the brain. (RRB NTPC 2017) (SSC CGL (TIER-1) 2016)
• The major female sex hormone is- • The gland in the human body that • This method is used to some extent
Estrogen (RRB NTPC 25.01.2021 secretes both enzymes and hormones to prevent STDs – Condoms (RRB
(Shift-II) – pancreatic gland (RRB NTPC 2016) Group-D- 19/09/2022 (Shift-II)
• Human growth hormones are • The gland remains active only till • A contraceptive technique that
secreted by this gland from the puberty – Thymus (RRB JE 2019) enhances phagocytosis of sperms
anterior part of the pituitary gland • Full name of A.D.H is - Anti-diuretic within the uterus – use of Copper-T.
(RRB NTPC 19.01.2021 (Shift-1) hormone. (RRB NTPC 2016) (RRB Group-D- 17/08/2022 (Shift-III)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 141 Railway General Science

• Change that does not mark the onset • Syngamy is called- conjugation of a • The age during which the
of puberty – growth of nails (RRB sperm with an egg (RRB ALP & Tec. reproductive organs of human males
Group-D- 25/08/2022 (Shift-1) 2018) and females become functional, the
• The correct path through which • Every month part of the female gonads begin producing gametes and
sperms are released in the male reproductive system prepares itself for sex hormones, and humans become
reproductive system – Testis – Vas carrying and nourishing the growing sexually mature—adolescence. (RRB
deferens – Uretha – Penis (RRB Group- fetus - Uterus (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) Group-D 2018)
D- 25/08/2022 (Shift-III) • Implantation process is the • The process of fusion of sperm and
• Contraceptive pills help in birth attachment of a zygote to the lining gametes, resulting in the formation
control in ____ ways – by preventing of a uterus (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) of a structure called a zygote
the release of eggs from the ovaries • The beginning of menstruation in – fertilization. (RRB Group-D 2018)
(RRB Group-D 08/09/2022 (Shift-1) girls during adolescence is called – • Sperms are produced in the testicles
• During adolescence, many changes Menarche (UPP Com. Operator. 19. (RRB Group-D 2018)
occur in the human body. ____Change 05-2016 (Shift-II)
• In men, the scrotum is outside the
is related to sexual maturity only in • The egg is brought from the ovary to body because sperm formation
girls- Growth of mammary glands the womb – by the oviduct (RRB ALP requires a lower temperature than
(RRB Group-D- 17/08/2022 (Shift-11) & Tec. 2018) normal body temperature. (RRB
• In animals, reproductive organs • The fetus receives nutrition from the Group-D 2018)
produce male and female gametes,
mother’s blood with the help of a • The duct that originates from the
which fuse to form _____ – zygote.
special tissue – umbilical cord (RRB testicles of the man and carries
(RRB NTPC (Stage-2) 12/06/2022
ALP & Tec. 2018) sperm into the body – vas deferens
(Shift-1) RRB Group-D 2018)
• Name the organ where the embryo (RRB Group-D 2018)
• In sexually reproducing animals,
develops – uterus. (RRB ALP & Tech. • Sperm are stored temporarily – in the
_____ copies of genes of the same trait
2018) epididymis (RRB Group-D 2018)
are present – two (RRB NTPC
01.03.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist) • The testicles are located outside the • A part of the male reproductive organ
• The single-celled fertilized egg is abdominal cavity in ___ – scrotum in humans is – vas deferens (RRB
called____-Zygote (RRB NTPC (RRB ALP & Tec. 2018) Group-D 2018)
12.02.2021 (Shift-I) Stage Ist) • There is a reproductive cell – gamete • Female germ cells or eggs are
• The primary genital organ of women (RRB JE 2019) produced – in the ovaries (RRB Group-
is – ovary (SSC CGL (Tier-f-2019- 06/ • A human newborn baby is fed the first D 2018)
03/2020 (Shift-l) fluid released from the mammary • The cavity of the Graafian follicle is
• The baby is born as a result of gland which is called colostrum. called - cavity. (RRB Group-D 2018)
rhythmic contractions of the muscles Colostrum provides immunity (RRB
NTPC 2016) • Not a male reproductive organ
– the uterus (RRB Group-D 2018) – Cervix (RRB Group-D 2018)
• The uterus opens into the vagina • Puberty begins in women with
menstruation. (RRB ALP & Tech. 2018) • The method by which Copper-T is
through ______-cervix (RRB Group-D
placed in the uterus is called-
2018) • The process of egg production in Contraception (RRB Group-D 2018)
• In human males, there is only one females is called- Spawning (RRB ALP
& Tec. 2018) • The main genetic material is found
route for the flow of urine and semen
in ____ part of the male reproductive
which is called – urethra (RRB ALP & • Fertilization of the sperm with the egg system – sperm (RRB Group-D 2018)
Tee. 2018) occurs in the fallopian tube (RRB
Group-D 2018 RRB NTPC 2016) • Labor pain occurs due to contraction
• The vas deferens joins with the tube
in the walls of….. Uterus (RRB Group-
passing through the urinary bladder • Contraceptive pills contain– secondary
D 2018)
to form a common passageway called mixture of progesterone and
the urethra (RRB Group-D 2018). estrogen (RRB NTPC 2016) • The development of the baby inside
the mother’s body (in case of humans)
• The motile bacterial cell is called – • As reproductive tissues begin to
takes about ____ months - 9 (RRB
male gamete. (RRB ALP & Tech. 2018) mature, body growth normally begins
to slow down. This state of Group-D 2018)
• Asexual reproduction is different
from sexual reproduction in that in adolescence is called puberty (RRB • Zygote is formed as a result of
asexual reproduction – new Group-D 2018) - Fertilization (RRB Group-D 2018)
organisms are genetically identical to • The tissue that provides nutrition to • Variations arising during the process
the parent parents. (RRB ALP & Tech. the fetus in the uterus is- Placenta of reproduction can be – hereditary
2018) (RRB Group-D 2018) (RRB Group-D 2018)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 142 Railway General Science

• Male reproductive cells are produced 3. _____Helps in emulsification of fats. 10. The pituitary gland, one of the most
in – testis. (RRB Group-D 2018) (RRC Group D 18 Aug 2022 3rd shift) important glands in our body, is
• Placental tissue found in humans (a) Vitamin K- Trypsin located in- _____? (RRB JE 02 June
functions to remove wastes from the 2019 3rd shift)
(b) bile salt
fetus and provide nutrition to the (a) inside the skull
fetus (RRB Group-D 2018). (c) A major part of bile
(b) near the lower end of the spinal
• Female reproductive organ is not –vas (d) HCI
cord
deferens (RRB Group D 2018 Shift-II) Answer (b) Bile salt
(c) inside the stomach
• Secretion from the prostate gland 4. Which of the following is/are not
(d) inside the chest
enters – through the urethra. (RRB endocrine glands in our body? (RRC
Group-D 2018) Group D 29 Aug 2022 1st shift) Answer (a) Inside the skull
• Blood flows into the vagina due to (a) Thyroid gland(b) Pituitary gland 11. Which part of the respiratory system
menstruation – due to breakdown of (c) adrenal gland(d) salivary glands prevents the airways from getting
the uterine lining (RRB Group-D 2018) destroyed? (RRC Group D 17 Aug 2022
Answer (d) salivary glands 1st shift)
• Germ cells are formed in the male
5. The ____ gland, which hangs from the (a) ribs (b) trachea
reproductive part – in the testicles
hypothalamus by a thin stalk, is called
(RRB Group-D 2018). (c) spinal cord (d) Cartilage rings
the master gland of the human body.
• Male has testicles – two (RRB Group- (RRB NTPC CBT-I 16 Jan 2021 3rd shift) Answer (d) Cartilage rings
D 2018)
(a) Thyroid (b) adrenal 12. Which substance is stored and
• In some women, due to some problem, concentrated in the gall bladder?
fertility may not occur. In such a (c) pituitary (d) pancreas
(RRB JE 24.05.2019)
situation, the freshly hatched egg and Answer (c) Pituitary
sperm are kept together outside the (a) Lymph (b) Water
6. Which of the following is responsible
body for a few hours for fertilization. for dwarfism in humans? (RRB NTPC (c) Blood (d) Bile
He is called- Vidro (RRB Group-D 2018) CBT-1 18 Jan 2021 3rd shift) Answer (d) Bile
• In sexual reproduction, the parent (a) pancreas (b) Thyroxine 13. Which of the following common
contributes half of its genes (RRB products is produced during aerobic
(c) pituitary (d) Adrenaline
Group-D 2018). and anaerobic respiration in the first
Answer (c) Pituitary
• The name of the female reproductive step? (RRC Group D 23 Aug 2022 2nd
cell is- Egg (RRB JE 2019) 7. Which glands help regulate pressure shift)
in the human body? (NTPC CBT-1 19
• The primary genital organ of women (a) Ethanol (b) pyruvate
March 2021 3rd shift)
is – Ovary (SSC CGL(Tier-I) 2020)
(a) Pituitary glands (c) water (d) Lactic acid
• ‘Test tube baby’ - Fertilization of the
(b) pancreas Answer (b) Pyruvate
ovum takes place in a test tube, but it
develops in the uterus. (RRB JE 2019) (c) Adrenal glands 14. Breathing pores are found in which
of the following animals? RRC Group
Previous Year Questions (d) Pineal gland D 24 Aug 2022 3rd shift)
1. Which type of organism releases Answer (c) Adrenal glands (a) man (b) fish
more energy in respiration? (RPF
8. Which of the following glands
Constable 02 Feb 2019 1st shift) (c) cockroach (d) earthworm
prepares an animal to fly? (RRB JE 29
(a) Aerobic respiration May 2019 3rd shift) Answer (c) Cockroach
(b) homogeneous respiration (a) Cheetah (b) Thyroid 15. Where does aerobic absorption of
pyruvate take place in the human
(c) unpleasant (c) pancreas (d) adrenal body? (RRC Group D 26 Aug 2022 3rd
(d) Heterogenic respiration Answer (d) Adrenal shift)
Answer (a) Aerobic respiration 9. Which of the following glands (a) mitochondria
2. Humans do not have _______ controls the rate of energy release (b) nucleus
endocrine glands. (RRB ALP Tier-1 10 inside the body? (RRB 31 May 2019 (c) cell membrane
Aug 2018 3rd shift) 3rd shift)
(d) muscles
(a) Adrenal gland(b) pituitary gland (a) pancreas (b) Parathyroid
Answer (a) Mitochondria
(c) Pineal gland (d) liver (c) Thyroid (d) secrete insulin
16. It is hoped that all the statements
Answer (d) liver Answer (c) Thyroid

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 143 Railway General Science

 given below regarding respiration in 21. Which of the following gases is (c) About 21% in inhaled air and 16%
humans are correct. Identify the essential for all aerobic forms of life? in exhaled air.
incorrect statement. (RRC Group D 26 (RRC Group D 08 Sep 2022 3rd shift)
(d) About 19% in inhaled air and 17%
Aug 2022 3rd shift) (a) CO (b) O2 in exhaled air
(a) Ribs sink in and diaphragm rises (c) CO2 (d) O3
upwards Answer (c) About 21% in inhaled air and
Answer (b) O2 16% in exhaled air.
(b) Ribs rise up and diaphragm
becomes flattened 22. Which of the following are the end 28. Which organism can survive without
products of respiration in plants? oxygen? (RRB JE 26 May 2019 2nd
(c) The thoracic cavity becomes
(RRC Group D 09 Sep 2022 1st shift) shift)
larger.
(a) CO2 and O2 (a) symbiotic (b) pneumatic
(d) Everything is absorbed by the lungs.
(b) Glucose and O2 (c) parasite (d) anaerobic
Answer (a) Ribs sink in and diaphragm rises
upwards (c) O2 and energy Answer (d) Anaerobic
17. Some features of the respiratory (d) CO2, H2O and energy
29. The largest amount of air expelled
surface in animals are mentioned Answer (d) CO2, H2O and energy after maximum respiratory effect is
below. Choose wrong option (RRC
23. How many times per minute does an ____? (RRB JE 27 May 2019 1st shift)
Group D 02 Sep 2022 2nd shift(
adult person breathe at rest? (RRC (a) Residual quantity
(a) Presence of a mechanism to move Group D 12 Sep 2022 1st shift)
air in and out of this area (b) amount of tide
(a) 70-72 (b) 12-15
(b) very thick (c) significant quantity
(c) 15-18 (d) 72-75
(c) has a large surface area (d) Lung volume
Answer (c) 15-18
(d) usually placed inside the body Answer (d) Lung volume
24. Through which organ is air taken into
Answer (b) is very thick the human body? (RRC Group D 16 30. Exchange of respiratory gases in the
18. During each breathing cycle. When May 2022 2nd shift) lungs takes place in ______? (RRB JE
air is taken in and exhaled there is 28 May 2019 2nd shift)
(a) nostrils (b) Alveoli
always some amount of air in the
(c) bronchi (d) respiratory tract (a) bronchiole (b) bronchi
lungs so that oxygen has enough time
to release carbon dioxide. What is Answer (a) Nostrils (c) alveoli (d) trachea
this amount of air called? (RRC Group 25. Which of the following is necessary Answer (c) Alveoli
D 05 Sep 2022 2nd shift)
for the breakdown of glucose in 31. One should not sleep under a tree at
(a) pulmonary volume human cells to provide energy? (RRC night, because ______? (RRB JE 29 May
(b) alveolar volume Group D 16 Sep 2022 2nd shift) 2019 3rd shift)
(c) amount of breathing (a) oxygen (b) Nitrogen (a) Carbon dioxide is released
(d) residual volume (c) Hydrogen (d) carbon dioxide
(b) Oxygen is released
Answer (d) residual volume Answer (a) Oxygen
(c) Nitrogen is excreted
19. What are the balloon-like structures 26. What is the energy currency for
(d) Carbon monoxide is emitted
present in the lungs where exchange processes? (RRC Group D 18 Sep 2022
of gases takes place? (RRC Group D 1st shift) Answer (a) Carbon dioxide is released
05 Sep 2022 3rd shift) (a) ATP (b) pyruvate 32. How do green plants in the sea help
(a) bronchi (b) Alveoli (c) sugar (d) ADP fish to breathe? (RRB JE 01 June 2019
(c) trachea (d) cilia 2nd shift)
Answer (a) ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Answer (b) Alveoli (a) They release oxygen
27. What is the percentage of oxygen in
20. How many oxygen molecules the air that humans normally inhale (b) They simultaneously release
combine with one glucose molecule and exhale? (RRC Group D 19 Sep oxygen and carbon dioxide
during the process of respiration? 2022 2nd shift)
(RRC Group D 08 Sep 2022 2nd shift) (c) They take in oxygen and release
(a) About 20% in inhaled air and 2% carbon dioxide
(a) five (b) four in exhaled air
(d) They release carbon dioxide
(c) six (d) seven (b) About 18% in inhaled air and 10%
Answer (c) six in exhaled air Answer (a) They release oxygen

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 144 Railway General Science

33. Which of the following is not a part of 39. Which of the following reaction in located inside of the body and around
the male reproductive system in human digestive system, is similar the pelvic region of a female that
humans? RRB Group D 28.09.2018 to the emulsification of soap upon contribute towards the reproductive
(Shift-III) the dirt? (RRB Group-D-17/08/2022) process.
(a) testicles (b) Ovary (a) Spilitting of large fat granules in • The human female reproductive
(c) testicles (d) vas deferens small granules by bile salts system contains three main parts: the
(b) Providing alkaline medium by Vagina, which leads from the Vulva,
Answer (b) Ovary
bile juice the vaginal opening, to the Uterus, the
34. Which of the following is a part of the Uterus which holds the developing
male reproductive organ in humans? (c) Assisting of starch digestion by
fetus, and the Ovaries which produce
RRB Group D 25.10.2018 (Shift-II) bile juice enzymes
the female's ova.“
(a) vas deferens (d) Providing acidic medium by the
bile juice • The Vagina meets the outside the
(b) uterus vulva, which also includes the labia,
Answer (a) Spilitting of large fat granules
(c) Uterine placenta clitoris and urethra; during
in small granules by bile salts
intercourse this area is lubricated by
(d) ovary
Quick Reminder mucus secreted by the Bartholin's
Answer (a) vas deferens glands.
Human Reproduction and Development
35. Prostate is a..in the human body. RRB • The Vagina is attached to the Uterus
NTPC 31.03.2016 (Shift-II Stage 1st Gonads are sex organs that produce
gametes. Male gonads are the testes, which through the cervix, while the Uterus
(a) connective tissue produce sperm and male sex hormones. is attached to the Ovaries via the
(b) gland Female gonads are the ovaries, which Fallopian Tubes. Each Ovary
(c) membrane produce eggs (ova) and female sex contains hundreds of egg cell or ova.
hormones. • Approximately every 28 days, the
(d) muscle
The major reproductive organs of the male Pituitary gland releases a hormone
Answer (b) gland
can be grouped into three categories that stimulates some of the ova to
36. Which of the following is not a part develop and grow.
1. The first category is sperm
of the female reproductive system?
production and storage. Sperm • One ovum is released and it passes
RRB Group D 26.10.2018 (Shift-III)
production takes place in the Testes through the Fallopian Tube into the
RRB Group D 05.12.2018 (Shift-II)
which are housed in the temperature Uterus. The lining of the uterus
(a) ovary (b) uterus regulating Scrotum (it provides a called the Endometerium and
(c) vagina (d) vas deferens temperature about 3ºC below normal unfertilized ova are shed each cycle
Answer (d) vas deferens body temperature), immature sperm through the Process menstruation.
then travel to the Epididymis for If the ovum is fertilized by sperm,it
37. A human newborn baby is fed the first
development and storage (where they attaches to the endometrium and the
secretion from the mammary gland which
gain a tail and motility). fetus develops.
is called colostrum. Colostrum provides.
RRB NTPC Stage 1st 26.04.2016 (Shift-II) 2. The second category are ejaculatory • After the age of 13-14 years, the ovary
fluid producing glands which include ovum (egg cell) after every 28 days,
(a) Essential elements for development
the Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Glands This cycle of approximately 28 days
(b) Immunity power and the Vas Deferens. is called menstruation cycle.
(c) sleep 3. The final category are those used for • The fertilization of egg takes place in
(d) Nutrition for development copulation and deposition of the the fallopian Tube after which the
spermatozoa (sperm) within the male, developing embryo becomes attached
Answer (b) Immunity power
which include the Penis, Urethra, Vas to the Uterus (implantation).
38. Which substance is the main source Deferens and Cowper's Gland.
of energy in the human body? R.R.B. • The connection between developing
• An Important sexual hormone of embryo in mother is called Placenta.
Mahendrughat (T.C/C.C.) Examination,
male is Androgen and particularly It supplies different materials like
2007
Testosterone. food, hormones, dissolved oxygen to
(a) protein (b) Mineral salts
The Female Reproductive System embryo.
(c) Vitamin (d) Carbohydrate
• The human female reproductive • Birth of child is technically called
Answer (d) Carbohydrate system is a series of organs primarily parturition.

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 145 Railway General Science

 22
Vitamins and Diseases
VITAMINS • The vitamin essential for the • Vitamin B12 -Cobalamin
• The word vitamin was coined by production of RBC • Vitamin C -Ascorbic acid
Ans: Casimir Funk Ans : Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) • Vitamin D -Calciferol
• Nutrient which is known as co- • Scurvy is the disease due to • Vitamin E -Tocopherol
enzyme Ans : Vitamin deficiency of Ans : Vitamin C
• Vitamin K -Phylloquinone
• The vitamins that dissolve in fat • Vitamin which providesimmunity
• Antipellagra vitamin - Vitamin B3
Ans : A,D,E,K Ans : Vitamin C
• Fresh food vitamin - Vitamin C
• The vitamins dissolved in water • The vitamin present in citrus fruit
• Anti ricketic vitamin - Vitamin D
Ans : B and C Ans : Vitamin C • Sunshine Vitamin - Vitamin D
• The vitamin that present in leafy • The vitamin excreted through urine • Anti sterility Vitamin- Vitamin E
vegetables Ans : Vitamin A Ans : Vitamin C • Beauty Vitamin - Vitamin E
• Vitamin which is abundant in milk • The vitamin lost during the process • Coagulation vitamin - Vitamin K
Ans : Vitamin A of cooking Ans : Vitamin C
DEFICIENCY DISEASE
• The deficiency of vitamin which • V itamin deficiency which causes
causes the eye diseases like Night • Vitamin A
bleeding of gum Ans : Vitamin C
blindness, Xerophthalmia etc - Xerophthalmia and Night blindness
• First Artificially synthesized vitamin
Ans : Vitamin A • Vitamin B1 - Beri beri
Ans : Vitamin C
• The vitamin essential for the growth • Vitamin B3 - Pellagra
• The vitamin which is not got from food
of eye retina Ans : Vitamin A • Vitamin B9 - Anaemia
Ans : Vitamin D
• The pigment known as pro-vitamin A • Vitamin B12 -Perinicious anaemia
• The vitamin which helps to increase
Ans : Beta Carotene the rate of absorption of calcium into • Vitamin D - Rickets
• Vitamin which gives immunity to our the body Ans : Vitamic D • Vitamin E - Sterility
body Ans : Vitamin C • The vitamin which helps to improve • Vitamin K - Hemorrhage
• V itamin which helps to heal the the the absorption of iron blood
BACTERIA
wound Ans : Vitamin C Ans : Vitamin C
• The word bacteria was coined by
• Vitamin which helps blood clotting • The vitamin deficiency which causes
Ans : Christian Gottfried
Ans : Vitamin K sterility/infertility Ans : Vitamin E
• Bacteria was discovered by
• The vitamin deficiency which causes • Vitamin which protects heart
Beri beri disease Ans : Leeuwenhoek
Ans : Vitamin E
Ans : Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) • Bacteria is classified on the basis of
VITAMINS CHEMICAL NAMES
• The vitamin which is sensitive to light Ans : Shape
• Vitamin A -Retinol
Ans : Vitamin B2 SHAPES OF BACTERIA
• Vitamin B1 -Thiamine
• Pellagra is the disease caused by the • Coccus-Spherical or oval shaped bacteria
• Vitamin B2 -Riboflavin
deficiency of Vitamin • Spirillum -Spiral shaped bacteria
• Vitamin B3 -Niacin
Ans : Nicotinic acid (Niacin) • Bacillus-Rod shaped bacteria
• The vitamin which is previously • Vitamin B5 -Pantothenic acid
• Vibrion-Comma shaped bacteria
known as Vitamin H • Vitamin B7 -Biotin
• Bacteria belongs to the animal
Ans : Vitamin B7 • Vitamin B9 -Folic Acid kingdom of Ans : Monera

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 159 Railway General Science

• Bacteria that can live in soil • Bird flu was first reported in • The element used for cancer
Ans : Myxobacteria Ans : Hong Kong treatment Ans : Cobalt - 60
• Virus eating bacteria is known as • Bird flu was first reported in India at • SARS - Killer Pneumonia
Ans : Bacteriophages Ans : Nandurbar (Maharashtra) • AIDS - Slim Disease
• Reproduction of bacteria is mainly • Dengue was first reported in India at • AIDS - Grid Disease
by Ans : Kolkata • Blood Cancer - Leukaemia
Ans : Binary fission • Swine Flu was first reported in • Haemophilia - Bleeder’s Disease
• Antibiotic can be made from a group Ans : Mexico • Haemophilia - Christmas Disease
of bacteria called • Haemophilia - Royal Disease
• Swine Flu was first reported in India
Ans : Actinomycetes at Ans : Hyderabad • Rat Fever - Weils Disease
BACTERIAL DISEASES • SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory • Rat Fever - Leptospirosis
• Pneumonia Syndrome • Dengue Fever - Break bone Fever
• Typhoid • AIDS • Plague - Black death
• Leprosy - Acquired Immuno Deficiency • Tuberculosis - Koch’s Disease
• Tuberculosis Syndrome
• Tuberculosis - White Plague
• Diphtheria • HIV
• Rabies - Hydrophobia
• Cyphilis - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus
• Rubella - German Measles
• Gonorrhoea • ELISA
• Exophthalmic Goitre - Grave Disease
• Cholera - Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent
• Malaria - Marsh Fever
Assay
• Plague • Leprosy - Hansen’s Disease
• The causative organisms of syphilis
• Tetanus • Influenza - Flue
Ans : Treponema pallidum
• Rat fever • WhoopingCough - Pertussis
• Name the surgery that is done for
• Anthrax • Anthrax - Wool sorter disease
removing urinary bladder
VIRUS • The element used to detect cancer
Ans : Cystectomy
• Virus was discovered by Ans : Arsenic — 74
• The causative microbe of Tetanus
Ans : Dimitri Ivanovski • The virus which causes bird flu
Ans : Bacteria Clostridium tetani
• Diseases spread through air Ans : H5N1
• The causative bacteria of cholera
Ans : Cold, Influenza, Tuberculosis; • The vims which causes swine flu
Ans : Vibrio cholerae
Chickenpox
• The protozoa causes Malaria Ans : H1N1
• Diseases spread through water
Ans : Plasmodium vivax AIDS
Ans : Hepatitis, Typhoid, Cholera and
• A disease known as Blue ear pig in • The disease which affects the human
Dysentery
pig was first reported recently in immune system Ans : AIDS
• Genetic and Hereditary diseases
Ans : Vietnam • AIDS Ans : Acquired Immuno
Ans : Sickle cell anaemia, Haemophilia, Deficiency Syndrome
colour blindness • Dengue fever is spread by
• AIDS was first reported in
• Protozoa disease Ans : Aedes Aegypti
Ans : America (1981)
Ans : Amoebic dysentery, Malaria, s • Leprosy is spread through the
• AIDS was first known as
African sleeping sickness Ans : Urine of affected rat
Ans : GRID disease
• SARS was first reported in Ans : China • The bacteria causes Anthrax
• Grid Disease began to known as AIDS
• SARS was first reported in India at Ans : Bacillus anthracis
since Ans: 1982
Ans : Goa • Slow infectious disease among
• Causative microbe of AIDS Ans : HIV
• Chickungunya was first reported in communicable diseases
(Human Immuno deficiency virus)
Ans : Tanzania (Africa) Ans : Leprosy
• The test used to detect the presence
• Chickungunya was first reported in • Name the virus that causes Avian flu of HIV Ans : ELISA test (Enzyme Linked
India at Ans : Kolkata Ans : Avian influenza virus Immuno Sorbent Assay)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 160 Railway General Science

• The confirmatory test for AIDS Previous Year Questions • HIV-AIDS virus cannot be transmitted
Ans : Western blot • …….. will reveal whether a person has by shaking hands (RRB Group-D- 19/
been infected with HIV a year ago - by 09/2022 (Shift-III)
• In India AIDS was first reported in
anti-HIV antibodies in the blood (RRB • The best way to avoid getting infected
Ans : Chennai, 1986 Group-D- 07/10/2022 (Shift-1 ) with HIV is to limit sexual activity to
TESTS AND DISEASES • Warts are caused by ____-Virus (RRB only one known healthy person (RRB
• E.C.G - Cardiac diseases Group-D- 17/09/2022 (Shift-III) Group-D- 19/09/2022 (Shift-11)
• E.E.G - Brain disease • AIDS disease is caused by – virus (RRB • In this infection, viruses enter the
• Widal - Typhoid JE 2014)(RRB Group-D- 22/09/2022 immune system and damage its
(Shift-1) functioning – HIV-AIDS (RRB Group-
• Biopsy - Cancer D- 17/09/2022 (Shift-1)
• It is important to avoid getting
• Pap Smear - Uterine Cancer infected with HIV-Because there is no • Dengue is caused by _____virus (RRB
• Mamography - Breast Cancer cure for HIV (RRB Group-D- 22/09/ NTPC 14/06/2022 (Shift-II)
• ELISA - AIDS 2022 (Shift-II) • In humans, the disease caused by UV
• Western blot - AIDS • In this disease, the body is not able radiation from the sun is skin cancer
to fight even against the many minor (RRB Group-D- 05/09/2022 (Shift-1)
• PCR - AIDS
infections that we face every day - • A symptom of Beriberi is weak
• NEVA - AIDS HIV-AIDS (RRB Group-D- 22/09/2022
muscles and low energy (RRB Group-
• VDRL - Syphilis (Shift-II) 25/08/2022 ( Shift-II) 11/10/
D 28/09/2022 (Shift-1)
2022 (Shift-III)
• Wassermann - Syphilis • Which enzyme requires the presence
• Is safe sex the only way to prevent
• Ishihara - Colour Blindness of hydrochloric acid to perform its
HIV infection? No, there are many
• Rose Bengal - Dry Eye function in the digestion process
other ways, such as preventing the
– Pepsin (RRB Group-D- 01/09/2022
• Tourniquet - Dengue Fever use of infected needles and
(Shift-1)
transfusion of infected blood (RRB
• Schick test - Diphtheria
Group-D- 18/09/ 2022(Shift-1) • The source of information for protein
• Tuberculin - Tuberculosis formation in organisms is DNA (RRB
• HIV spreads through ____- transfusion
• Mantoux - Tuberculosis of contaminated blood (RRB Group- Group-D- 06/09/2022 (Shift-11)
• DOTS - Tuberculosis D- 06/09/2022 (Shift-III) • _____helps in emulsification of fats
• TST - Tuberculosis • HIV infection does not occur in - bile salts (RRB Group-D- 18/08/
humans – by sharing toilet with an 02022 (Shift-111)
• Tine - Tuberculosis
HIV patient (RRB Group-D- 06/09/ • The enzymes responsible for the final
• Glycosylated - Tuberculosis 2022 (Shift-lll) conversion of proteins into amino
• In Kerala, AIDS was first reported at • Genital herpes infection is caused by acids, of complex carbohydrates into
Ans : Pathanamthitta ____-Virus (RRB Group-D- 14/09/2022 glucose and of fats into fatty acids
(Shift-1) and glycerol are present in _____
• NACP (National AIDS Control
– intestinal juice (RRB Group-D- 26/
Programme) was launched in • Example of virus is – HIV (RRB Group-
09/2022 (Shift-1)
Ans : 1987 D- 23/08/2022 (Shift-11)
• The system most affected by AIDS is • The enzyme that breaks down starch
• World AIDS day Ans : December 1 into simple sugars – amylase (RRB
the immune system (RRB Group-D-
• AIDS day was begun to observe since 14/09/2022 (Shift-11) Group-D- 06/09/2022 (Shift-111)
Ans : 1988 • HIV is spread through sexual contact • Casein is a protein, which is found in
MALARIA because - Viral particles are present ____- Milk (RRB NTPC 24.07.2021
in abundance in seminal fluids. (RRB (Shift-11), RRB JE 2019)
• The word malaria means Ans : Bad air
Group-D- 28/09/2022 (Shift-1) • A biological catalyst is – Enzyme (RRB
• The term malaria is coined by
• Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent NTPC 23.02.2021 (Shift-I)
Ans : Sir Horace Walpole (1740) Assay is a technique which is used to • Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (also
• The malarial worm was first detected detect the disease - Acquired known as BCG vaccine) is a vaccine
by Ans : Alphonse Laveran (1880) Immunodeficiency Syndrome given to prevent the disease -
• World Malaria Day Ans : April 25 (AIDS)(SSC CHSL 12/04/2021 (Shift-III) tuberculosis (SSC CHSL 2019) (RRB
• World Malarial Day was begun to • Sexually transmitted viral disease is NTPC 2016 (RRB JE 2019) (SSC CGL
observe from Ans : 2007 AIDS (RRB Group-D 07/10/2022 (Shift-II) (TIER-1) 2016)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 161 Railway General Science

• Cod liver oil obtained from fish is a • AIDS virus affects the growth of T cells • This disease affects the blood cells
rich source of this vitamin –Vitamin in the blood (SSC CGL (TIER-1) 2016) in the human body – Leukemia (RRB
D (RRB JE (2014) RRB NTPC 2016) • Viral load test has been launched for JE 2019)
• Fish liver oil is rich in both Vitamin people suffering from HIV/AIDS – J. • Biopsy is done to examine cancer
A and Vitamin D (RRB JE 2019). By P. Nadda (RRB Group-D 2018) tissues (RRB NTPC 2016)
• Due to deficiency of V itamin D, • Measles is a viral disease (RRB JE • Cirrhosis disease affects this organ
mainly this human organ is affected 2019) of the body – Liver (RRB NTPC 2016)
– Bone (SSC JE Civil 2018) • Infectious diseases are caused by • Sleep apnea is related to snoring
• An acute viral disease of animals that – Viruses (RRB JE 2019) while sleeping (RRB NTPC 2016)
spreads to humans through the bite • Use of DPT prevents diphtheria. (RRB • In 1956, Chotimata disease was
of an infected animal – Rabies (RRB JE 2014) caused by which type of pollution
NTPC 2016) – Water pollution (SSC JE Civil 2018)
• Cholera is a waterborne disease
• Dog bite causes disease – Rabies (RRB causing acute gastrointestinal • These pollutants found in water
JE 2019) infection (Forest Guard 11/12/2015) cause ‘Chhotimata’ disease - Middle
• Fear of water is a symptom of this (RRB NTPC 2016) (RRB JE 2019) Mercury (RRB NTPC 2017)
disease – Rabies (RRB JE 2014) • Leprosy is known as Hansen’s disease. • Cadmium metal pollution causes
• Hydrophobia is caused by – Rabies (RRB NTPC 2016) disease – Itai-Itai (SSC JE Civil 2018)
virus (RRB JE 2019) • Tuberculosis is a disease of the lungs • ‘Pneumonia’ causes inflammation of
• Zika virus, which damages the fetal (RRB JE 2019) ____- Lung (RRB JE 2019)
brain, is carried by mosquitoes (RRB
• Meliodosis is an infectious disease • When the human body temperature
NTPC 2016).
(RRB NTPC 2016) decreases by about 2-3.5°F Fahrenheit
• Plague is generally caused by rat-flea from the normal body temperature,
• The most common treatment for
infestation (RRB SSE 2014). this condition is considered as
bacterial infections in humans is-
• Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne Antibiotics (RRB NTPC 2016) hypothermia (RRB NTPC 2016).
tropical disease caused by dengue • Thrombosis is a disease of blood (RRB
• Human reproductive system is sex-
virus, also known as break-bone JE 2019)
linked – Haemophilia (SSC CPO (TIER-
fever. (RRB NTPC 2016)
1) 2016) • Epidemiology is the study of the
• HIV is not transmitted from one incidence and spread of disease in
• Hemophilia is an example of a
person to another-Mosquito bites large populations. (RRB NTPC 2016)
genetic disease. (RRB NTPC 2016)
(RRB NTPC 2016)
• Usually, color blindness has a genetic • Cannot be cured by spectacles –
• Paula fever (yellow fever) is spread Cataract (RRB NTPC 2017)
nature. (RRB NTPC 2016)
mainly between humans – through
• Haemophilia – This is a disease • Excessive amount of fluoride in
the bite of female mosquitoes (RRB
caused by the absence of genes drinking water causes stained teeth
NTPC 2016).
responsible for factors that produce (SSC JE Civil 2018)
• Bats are the natural host of the
blood clotting. (RRB Group-D 2018) • The white fluid coming out of wounds
pathogens of this disease- Ebola
• The disease called goiter arises due is called – pus (RRB NTPC 2016)
Fever (RRB NTPC 2016)
to deficiency of iodine. (SSC CGL (TIER- • _______Anemia is a fatal disease due
• World AIDS Day is celebrated every
1) 2016) (RRB JE 2019) to which a person’s body is not able
year on – 1 December (RRB NTPC
• Anemia occurs due to deficiency of to produce blood cells in sufficient
2016)
RBC. (RRB NTPC 2016) quantity - Aplastic (RRB JE 2019)
• Measles is caused by virus (RRB NTPC
• Goiter is caused due to deficiency of- • ______Enzyme which breaks down
2016)
iodine (RRB Group-D 2018) proteins-Pepsin
• Zika virus is transmitted to humans
– through mosquitoes. (RRB NTPC • Rickets affects the skeletal system 1. Which of the following sexually
2016) (RRB JE 2019) transmitted diseases is spread by
viruses? (RRC Group D 25 Aug 2022
• Hepatitis of human body…. Affects the • Arthritis is a disease which affects
3rd shift)
organ- Liver (SSC CGL (TIER-1) 2016) the joints (RRB JE 2019)
(a) Gonorrhea (b) cold
• Full form of HIV is Human • Leukemia is a type of human disease,
Immunodeficiency Virus (RRB Group- which is cancer of white blood cells (c) syphilis (d) AIDS
D 2018) (RRB NTPC 2016). Answer (d) AIDS

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 162 Railway General Science

2. Which of the following sexually 7. Dengue is caused by _____. (RRB (a) Leishmania (b) Ascaris
transmitted diseases is caused by a virus? NTPC CBT 14 June 2022 2nd shift) (c) liver fluke (d) Tapeworm
(RRC Group D 12 Sep 2022 2nd shift) (a) virus (b) fungus Answer (a) Leishmania
(a) warts (c) bacteria (d) Nematode 15. What is the cause of bird flu? (RRB
(b) Gonorrhea Answer (a) Virus NTPC CBT 30 Jan 2021 3rd shift)
(c) syphilis 8. Tetanus is a serious disease of the (a) H5N1 virus
(d) Tuberculosis (Chlamydia) nervous system caused by toxin- (b) Anopheles mosquito
Answer (a) warts producing _____. (RRB NTPC CBT-II 17
(c) African sleeping fly
June 2022 3rd Shift)
3. Which of the following is a symptom (d) HPV virus
of beriberi? (RRC Group D 28 Sep 2022 (a) Protist (b) Mushroom
Answer (a) H5N1 virus
1st shift) (c) bacteria (d) parasite
16. Which of the following is a
(a) Poor skin health and swollen Answer (c) bacteria
ventilated disease? (RPF Constable 17
stomach 9. Which of the following diseases is Jan 2019 3rd shift)
(b) Weak teeth and bleeding gums caused by viruses? (RRB NTPC CBT-1
(a) Patki
(c) blindness 28 Dec 2020 1st shift)
(b) Hepatitis A
(d) weak muscles and low energy (a) Cholera (b) Chicken Pox
(c) Typhoid disease
Answer (d) weak muscles and low energy (c) Enteric fever (d) Tuberculosis
(d) Grover
4. Genital herpes infection is caused Answer (b) Chicken Pox
Answer (d) Grover
by_______. (RRC Group D 14 Sep 2022 10. The disease related to apple is known
1st shift) as ______. (RRB NTPC CBT-I 28 17. Epizootic, also known as foot and
December 2020 3rd Shift) mouth disease, is caused by
(a) Protozoa (b) virus
_________? (RPF Constable 24 Jan
(c) Mushroom (d) bacteria (a) Green ear disease
2015 1st shift))
Answer (b) Virus (b) Red rust disease
(a) virus (b) fungus
5. If a person has been infected with HIV (c) Tikka disease
(c) algae (d) bacteria
a year ago, how will you diagnose him? (d) fire defect
Answer (a) Virus
(RRC Group D 07 Oct 2022 1st shift) Answer (d) fire defect
18. Which disease affects the development
(a) Persistent fever (more than a 11. Which of the following human diseases of skin pigmentation? (RPF Constable
month) is caused by bacteria? (RRB NTPC CET 25 January 2019 1st shift)
(b) Low blood cell count 29 December 2020 3rd Shift)
(a) Psoriasis
(c) By anti-HIV antibodies in the blood (a) polio (b) Typhoid
(b) Albinium (albinism)
(d) Due to reduction in weight and (c) Measles (d) Hepatitis A (c) Hairlip
fatigue Answer (b) Typhoid (d) Sickle cell anemia (vitiligo)
Answer (c) By anti-HIV antibodies in blood 12. Hepatitis A is caused by _____. (RRB Answer (d) Sickle cell anemia (vitiligo)
6. Carrots contain high amounts of NTPC CBT-1 04 January 2021 1st Shift)
19. Deficiency of which of the following
Vitamin A. How does eating carrots (a) virus (b) bacteria causes color blindness and poor
help the baby? (RRC Group D 07 Oct
(c) Protozoa (d) mosquito bite vision? (NTPC CBT 1 02 Feb 2021 1st
2022 3rd shift)
shift)
Answer (a) Virus
(a) This will provide good amount of (a) Vitamin C (b) Vitamin K
energy to the child 13. Which vitamin and calcium are
necessary for blood clotting? (RRB (c) Vitamin A (d) iron
(b) This will strengthen the child’s
NTPC CBT-1 11 Jan 2011 1st shift) Answer (c) Vitamin A
bones
(a) Vitamin K (b) Vitamin D 20. Which of the following is not an eye
(c) This will relieve the child from
many diseases (c) Vitamin B1 (d) Vitamin C condition/disease? (NTPC CBT 1 08
Feb 2021 3rd shift)
(d) This will strengthen the vision of Answer (a) Vitamin K
the child. (a) Goiter (b) dry eye
14. Which of the following unicellular
organisms causes Kala-azar? (RRB (c) Eye disease (d) cataract
Answer (d) This will strengthen the vision
of the child. NTPC CBT-1 18 Jan 2021 1st shift) Answer (a) Goiter

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 163 Railway General Science

21. Which of the following is incorrect 27. Tranquilizer is generally given for 33. Which of the following is a symptom
regarding a disease and its causative which disease/disorder? (RRB NTPC of Beriberi? (RRB Group-D 28-09-2022)
organism? (RRB NTPC CBT-1 10 Feb CBT 1 17 Feb 2021 1st shift) (a) Poor skin health and swollen
2021 1st shift)
(a) diabetes (b) diarrhea belly
(a) Cholera Influenza
(c) Cancer (d) worry (b) Weak teeth and bleeding gums
(b) TB-Mycobacterium
Answer (d) worry (c) Poor vision or partial blindness
(c) AIDS HIV
28. Which of the following diseases is (d) Weak muscles and low energy
(d) Malaria Plasmodium
caused by bacteria? (RRB NTPC CBT 1 Answer (d) Weak muscles and low energy
Answer (a) Cholera Influenza 05 March 2021 1st shift)
34. Which of the following provides
22. Puccinia graminis fungus causes (a) diphtheria proteins for growth? (RRB Group-D
______? (NTPC CBT 10 Feb 2021 3rd
(b) younger mother 07-10-2022)
shift)
(c) Measles (a) Leafy vegetables
(a) Late blight disease of potato
(b) Black rust in wheat (d) mumps disease (b) Apple

(c) Red rot of sugarcane Answer (a) Diphtheria (c) Pulses

(d) Ringworm in humans 29. Which vitamin keeps our eyes and (d) Cereals
skin healthy? (RRB NTPC CBT-1 05 Answer (c) Pulses
Answer (b) Black rust in wheat
March 2021 1st shift)
23. Which of the following is a malaria 35. Which type of sugar is responsible
parasite? (RRB NTPC CBT 10 Feb 2021 (a) Vitamin B (b) Vitamin A for sweetening in fruits? (RRB NTPC
3rd shift) (c) Vitamin D (d) Vitamin E 17.01.2021)
(a) Plasmodium (b) E. coli Answer (b) Vitamin A (a) Fructose
(c) Salmonella (d) Mycobacterium 30. Which of the following is not fungal (b) Maltose
Answer (a) Plasmodium death of plants? (RRB NTPC CBT-1 09 (c) Sucrose
24. Which radio isotope is used to treat March 2021 1st shift)
(d) Lactose
metastatic bone cancer? (RRB NTPC (a) Citrus canker Answer (a) Fructose
CBT 15 Feb 2021 1st shift) (b) destroying the seedlings 36. Which of the following vitamins is
(a) Phosphorus-32
(c) Wheat rust not a fat soluble? (RRB JE
(b) Strontium 89 31.05.2019)
(d) Red rot disease of sugarcane
(c) Carbon-14 (a) Vitamin-K (b) Vitamin-D
Answer (a) Citrus canker
(d) Iodine-131 (c) Vitamin-A (d) Vitamin-C
31. Which of the following foods is called
Answer (b) Strontium-89 a 'body- building food? (RRB Group- Answer (d) Vitamins C
25. Megaloblastic anemia is caused by D 14-09-2022) 37. Which of the following occurs due to
deficiency of which vitamin? (RRB
(a) Food rich in carbohydrates, like deficiency of vitamin K? (RRB JE
NTPC CBT-1 15 Feb 2021 1st shift)
wheat 23.05.2019)
(a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin-B2
(b) Food rich in proteins, like peas (a) Failure of clotting of blood
(c) Vitamin C (d) Vitamin-B9
(c) Food rich in vitamins, like apples (b) Blastocyst formation in uterus
Answer (d) Vitamin-B9
(d) Food rich in fats, like butter (c) Non maturation of ovum.
26. Which pathogen causes ‘bakken’
(dumb seedling) disease in rice Answer (b) food rich in proteins, like peas (d) Neuritis
seeds? (RRB NTPC CBT 17 Feb 2021 32. Which of the following is an essential Answer (a) Failure of clotting of blood
1st shift) element used by the plants to 38. Which of the following deficiency
(a) Drexlera gigantea synthesize proteins? (RRB Group-D causes rickets disease? (RRB ALP &
(b) Rhizoctonia oryzae 12-09-2022) Tec. 31-08-18 ))
(c) Gibberella fujikuroi (a) Magnesium (b) Nitrogen (a) Vitamin D (b) Vitamin B
(d) Curvularia lunata (c) Boron (d) Iron (c) Vitamin A (d) Vitamin C
Answer (c) Gibberella fujikuroi Answer (b) Nitrogen Answer (a) Vitamin D

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 164 Railway General Science

39. Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are (a) Scurvy (b) Night blindness 47. Which of the following is a viral
given b elow. (RRB NTPC (c) Berry Berry (d) Kwashiorkor disease?
12.04.2016) (a) Diphtheria (b) Filariasis
Answer (d) Kwashiorkor
Assertion (A): Beriberi is a viral (c) Leprosy (d) Influenza
infection. 43. V itamin D helps in the absorption
of w h i ch o f th e fo ll ow in g Answer (d) Influenza
Reason (R): V itamin deficiency
elements? 48. Who discovered blood circulation in
causes diseases.
(a) Iodine and Calcium the human body?
Choose the right option-
(b) Iron and Iodine (a) William Harvey
(a) A is false but R is true
(c) Calcium and Iron (b) Robert Hooke
(b) A is true but R is false
(d) Calcium and Magnesium (c) Karl Landsteiner
(c) Both A and R are false.
Answer (d) Calcium and Magnesium (d) Robert Brown View
(d) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A 44. Which of the following is caused by Answer (a) William Harvey

Answer (a) A is false but R is true deficiency of Thiamin? 49. Which of the following diseases is
caused by protein deficiency?
40. Which of the following is the highest (a) Pellagra (b) Beri-Beri
source of zine? (RRB NTPC 07.04.2016) (a) Anaemia
(c) Osteomalacia (d) Stomatitis
(a) Legumes (b) Brinjal (b) Kwashiorkor
Answer (b) Beri-Beri
(c) Radish (d) Milk (c) Hypothyroidism
45. In Which organ of the human body,
Answer (a) Legumes Vitamin A is stored? (d) All of the above
41. Which is the vitamin required for (a) Skin (b) Liver Answer (b) Kwashiorkor
blood coagulation? (RRB SSE 50. AIDS, common cold, dengue fever and
(c) Kidney (d) Heart
(21.12.2014) influenza are examples of ____.
Answer (b) Liver
(a) E (b) D (a) Deficiency Disease
46. Which of the given was invented by
(c) K (d) C (b) Infectious diseases
Kazimierz Funk?
Answer (c) K (c) Physiological Diseases
(a) Enzymes (b) Hormones
42. Iden tify the protein deficien t (d) Non-infectious diseases
d isease: (RRB J.E. 2014 (c) Vitamins (d) Proteins
Answer (b) Infectious diseases
(14.12.2014) Answer (c) Vitamins

Quick Reminder
List of Important Vaccines and their • Oral Polio Vaccine - Albert Bruce Sabin • Whooping Cough - Jules Bordet and
Inventors Octave Gengou
• Measles Vaccine - John F. Enders,
• Covishield - Serum Institute of India Thomas peeble • Anthrax - Louis Pasteur
• COVAXIN - Bharat Biotech and Indian • Rabies Vaccine - Louis Pasteur • Leprosy - Guy Henry Faget
Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
• Typhus Vaccine - Charles Nicolle • Hepatitis A - Steven M. Feinstone
- National Institute of Virology (NIV)
• Pneumococcal Pneumonia - William
• Small Pox - Edward Jenner • Hepatitis B - Dr. Blumberg won
Osler
• Cholera - Louis Pasteur • Influenza - Jonas Salk & Thomas
• Typhoid Fever - Almroth Edward
• Diphtheria and Tetanus - Email Adolf Wright Francis
Von Behring and Shibasaburo • Mumps - Maurice Hilleman
• Meningococcal meningitis - Vieusseux
Kitasato
• Tuberculosis - Albert Calmette and • Poliomyelitis - Dr. Jonas Salk
• Rubella virus - Rubella and CRS
Camille Guerin • Chicken pox, Shingles - Michiaki
• TB Vaccine - Albert Calmette and Takahashi
• Epiglottitis, meningitis, pneumonia -
Camille Guerin
David Smith • Yellow Fever - Max Theiler
• Polio Vaccine - Jones E. Salk
• Q Fever - H.R. Cox and Gordon Davis
• Rotavirus - Rotarix by Glaxo Smith Kline

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 165 Railway General Science

 26
Last 20 Years Asked Questions
(1992 to 2014) Biology
• What is the name of a tropical tree • Where are Rhizobium bacteria • Which is the only venomous lizard
that bears showy bright red flowers? found? – In the root nodules of in the world? – Heloderma. (RRB
– Flame of the forest. (RRB Kolkata leguminous plants. (RRB Ahmedabad Chennai Exam, 13.10.1996)
Exam, 1992) Exam, 1995) • What is the cranial vault? – The space
• What is a lichen? – An organism that • What is the main substance of in the skull within the neurocranium,
results from a mutualistic relationship honey? – Carbohydrate. (RRB Bhopal occupied by the brain. (RRB Bhopal
between a fungus and a Exam, 1995) Exam, 02.02.1997)
photosynthetic organism. (RRB • Which light does chlorophyll • Where is smooth muscle found? –
Kolkata Exam, 1992) absorb? – Red and violet light. (RRB Uterus. (RRB Kolkata Exam,
• What is agar obtained from, and what Bhopal Exam, 1995) 02.02.1997)
is its use? – Obtained from algae, • What deficiencies are common • What is Sustainer? – A medicine to
used in bakery. (RRB Kolkata Exam, among pregnant women? – Iron and control old age. (RRB Kolkata Exam,
1992) calcium. (RRB Bhopal Exam, 1995) 02.02.1997)
• Which compound found in all • In what form do plants absorb • Among malaria, plague,
organisms is a rich source of nitrogen? – Nitrate. (RRB poliomyelitis, and leprosy, which
phosphorus? – Nucleic acid. (RRB Mahendrughat Exam, 1995)
Kolkata Exam, 1992) spreads fastest? – Plague. (RRB
• Which hormone completes the Guwahati Goods Guard Exam,
• In which form do fungi store reserve growth of the oviduct? – Estrogen. 31.08.1997)
food material? – Glycogen. (RRB (RRB Mahendrughat Exam,
Kolkata Exam, 1992) • Why do we feel thirsty? – When the
07.01.1995)
osmotic pressure of blood decreases.
• Name some examples of buffaloes. – • What is the hormone secreted by the (RRB Guwahati Goods Guard Exam,
Murrah, Surti, Madwadi, Jaffrabadi, adrenal gland called? – Fight or flight 31.08.1997)
and Mehsana. (RRB Kolkata Exam, hormone. (RRB Mahendrughat Exam,
1994) 07.01.1995) • What do plants consume and release
during the day? – Consume CO2 and
• What is cardamom known as? – • Where is amylase enzyme present? – release oxygen. (RRB Chandigarh
Queen of Spices. (RRB Kolkata Exam, In mouth saliva. (RRB Guwahati Exam, Exam, 06.07.1998)
1994) 08.12.1996)
• Which is a carnivorous plant? –
• Who wrote the book Systema • How much intestinal juice is secreted
Pitcher plant. (RRB Chandigarh Exam,
Naturae? – Carl Linnaeus, the father daily in a healthy human? – 2 liters.
06.07.1998)
of modern taxonomy. (RRB Kolkata (RRB Guwahati Exam, 08.12.1996)
Exam, 1994) • What causes Diplopia disease? –
• Why do plants seem to fade? – Due
• Where is blood pressure high? – In Paralysis in eye muscles. (RRB Ajmer
to excessive transpiration. (RRB
veins. (RRB Sikanderabad Exam, 1994) Muzaffarpur Exam, 1996) Exam, 25.01.1998)
• In what form is food ingredient • Who described the Krebs Cycle and • What is the cause of bone cancer? –
present in algae? – Starch. (RRB when? – Hans Krebs in 1937. (RRB Radioactive strontium-90. (RRB Ajmer
Sikanderabad Exam, 1994) Bhopal Exam, 29.12.1996) Exam, 25.01.1998)
• Who first measured blood pressure • Which mammals have a nucleus in • Who developed the polio vaccine,
in a horse and when? – S. Hales in their RBCs? – Camel and llama. (RRB and when? – Jonas Salk in 1955 and
1733 AD. (RRB Bhopal Exam, 1995) Bhopal Exam, 29.12.1996) Albert Sabin in 1961. (RRB Ajmer
Exam, 25.01.1998)
• What kind of animal is a bat? – A • Who first used the term Protozoa and
mammal. (RRB Ahmedabad Exam, when? – Goldfuss in 1920. (RRB • What is absorbed in photosynthesis?
1995) Chennai Exam, 13.10.1996) – Water. (RRB Ajmer Exam, 21.01.2001)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 183 Railway General Science

• How much noise is made when a • Croaking of frogs is a call of - coition • Tear is secreted from - lacrimal glands
person breathes? – An average of 10 (RRB Jammu Exam, Held on (RRB Mahendrughat Exam, Held on
decibels. (RRB Ajmer Exam, 04.03.2001) 06.01.2002)
21.01.2001) • Nitrogen gas is the main element of -
• Edible parts of onion is - transformed
• What is ecology? – The branch of stem (RRB Trivandrum Exam, Held on protein (RRB Mahendrughat Exam,
biology that deals with the relations 09.09.2001) Held on 06.01.2002)
of organisms to one another and their
• Stomach is a sac-like structure with • Human breathes 16 to 18 times in - a
physical surroundings. (RRB Ajmer
gastric glands that produce - gastric minute (RRB Chennai Exam,
Exam, 21.01.2001)
acid (RRB Mahendrughat Exam, Held • Vegetarians get proteins from - pulses
• What does Vitamin B3 deficiency result on 21.10.2001) (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, Held on
in? – Pellagra. (RRB Mahendrughat
• In a healthy human, per day two liters 12.10.2003)
Exam, 27.05.2001)
of - intestinal juice is secreted (RRB • Human skin is thickest on the - palm
• Which part of a tree participates in
Mahendrughat Exam, Held on (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, Held on
respiration? – Leaves. (RRB
21.10.2001) 19.11.2003)
Mahendrughat Exam, 27.05.2001)
• Insulin controls the metabolism of - • Herpes gladiatorum is a skin
• How do leaves make food in a tree? –
Through photosynthesis. (RRB glucose (RRB Kolkata Exam, Held on infection caused by - herpes simplex
Mahendrughat Exam, 27.05.2001) 26.02.2001) virus type 1 (HSV-1) (RRB Gorakhpur
Exam, Held on 19.11.2003)
• Where is insulin released from? – • Inadequate supply of blood in the
The pancreas. (RRB Secunderabad human body is called - ischemia (RRB • Paddy plants have - leaf blight disease
Exam, 24.06.2001) Kolkata Exam, Held on 26.02.2001) (RRB Secunderabad Exam, Held on
14.12.2003)
• In photosynthesis, what happens to • The word “Periphera” was first used
light energy? – It is transferred to heat by - Robert Grant in 1825 (RRB • Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteria
energy. (RRB Secunderabad Exam, Bhubaneswar Exam, 2001) live in mutualistic symbiosis with -
15.07.2001) legumes (RRB Secunderabad Exam,
• Blount’s disease is related to - tibia
Held on 14.12.2003)
• In which color is the rate of (shin bone) (RRB Bhubaneswar Exam,
photosynthesis lowest? – Violet. (RRB 2001) • Relaxin is present in - ovary, uterus,
Secunderabad Exam, 15.07.2001) and placenta during pregnancy (RRB
• The world’s most venomous sea Mumbai/Bhopal Exam, Held on
• What is dactylology? – The study of snake is - Hydro-phis (RRB Mumbai 23.02.2003)
sign language. (RRB Chennai Exam, Exam, 2001)
30.09.2001) • Diphtheria affects the - throat (RRB
• In pregnancy, relaxin hormone is Chandigarh Exam, Held on
• From where does a vegetarian get the present in - ovary, uterus, and 25.05.2003)
necessary phosphorus for the body? placenta (RRB Jammu Junior Clerk
– Milk. (RRB Chennai Exam, • The urinary bladder is absent in the -
Exam, Held on 11.02.2001)
30.09.2001) bird class (RRB Chandigarh Exam, Held
• Testosterone hormone is secreted on 25.05.2003)
• What is the spleen called? – The blood
from - testis (RRB Jammu Junior Clerk
bank of the body. (RRB Gauwahati • Dr. Hargovind Khurana won a Nobel
Exam, Held on 11.02.2001) Prize for the - separation of genes
Exam, 2001)
• Seeds can be best preserved in - cool (RRB Allahabad Exam, Held on
• Which plant did Mendel use to
experiment with genetics? – Pea plant. and dry conditions (RRB Delhi Metro 07.09.2003)
(RRB Gauwahati Exam, 2001) Exam, Held on 13.01.2002) • Loam soil is considered - Better for
• What causes tetanus and how does • Influenza, typhoid, and measles are - plant growth (RRB Ranchi Exam,
it affect the body? – Clostridium contagious diseases (RRB Delhi Metro 21.09.2003)
tetani bacteria, which affects the Exam, Held on 13.01.2002) • Amarpali is a - Dwarf species of
spinal cord. (RRB Bhopal Exam, • True fruit is produced from the - ovary mango (RRB Ranchi Exam, 21.09.2003)
04.11.2001) (RRB Ahmedabad Exam, Held on • Due to casin, milk is - White. (RRB
• Mushroom is a rich source of - protein 15.06.2002) Jammu & Kashmir Exam, 16.11.2003)
(RRB Jammu Exam, Held on 04.03.2001) • Pale color of urine is due to the • Sources of iron are - Bajra, Ragi,
• Study of flowers is called - Anthology presence of - urochrome pigment banana, spinach, and other green
(RRB Jammu Exam, Held on (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, Held on vegetables. (RRB Bangalore Exam,
04.03.2001) 10.03.2002) 23.11.2003)
• The Lungs are used for - respiration • Rust disease occurs in - wheat (RRB • Osteomalacia is caused by the lack
in reptiles (RRB Jammu Exam, Held on Mahendrughat Exam, Held on of - Vitamin D. (RRB Bangalore Exam,
04.03.2001) 06.01.2002) 23.11.2003)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 184 Railway General Science

• Acupressure is a form of alternative • Who first used the term protein? - J. • What causes typhoid? - Salmonella
therapy in which - Needle is used to Berzelius (RRB Ajmer Exam, paratyphi bacteria (RRC Kolkata Exam,
stimulate specific points on the body. 25.07.2004) 06.02.2005)
(RRB Ranchi Exam, 19.01.2003) • How is the human brain protected? - • What is an embryonic seed? -
• The fundamental role of root hairs in Packed in the cranial shell of bones Underdeveloped plant (RRB Malda
plants is to - Absorb water and (RRB Ranchi Exam, 10.10.2004) Exam, 10.07.2005)
mineral salts from the soil. (RRB • What is the chemical composition of
• What type of arthritis affects the
Chandigarh, ASM Exam, 09.03.2003) fat? - Ester of glycerol and fatty acids
spine? - Spondylitis (RRB Chandigarh
• The expulsion of milk from breast Exam, 02.05.2004) (RRB Kolkata Exam, 17.07.2005)
during suckling is brought about by - • What disease is associated with the
• How are blue-green algae formed? -
Oxytocin. (RRB Chandigarh, ASM eyes? - Astigmatism (RRB Gorakhpur
Meiosis (RRB Chandigarh Exam,
Exam, 09.03.2003) ECRC Exam, 09.01.2005)
02.05.2004)
• Monozygotic twins are always of the • What disease affects agricultural
• How developed are kangaroo young
- Same sex. (RRB Chandigarh, ASM workers? - Hookworm infection (RRB
ones at birth? - Half developed (RRB
Exam, 09.03.2003) Gorakhpur ECRC Exam, 09.01.2005)
Bhopal Exam, 19.12.2004)
• When male and female flowers are • What percentage of glucose is in
• What is the shape of a red blood cell?
born on different plants, the plant is normal urine? - 0.1% (RRB Gorakhpur
- Biconcave disk with flattened center
said to be - Dioecious. (RRB ECRC Exam, 09.01.2005)
(RRB Bhopal Exam, 19.12.2004)
Chandigarh, ASM Exam, 09.03.2003)
• What is the study of fruits called? -
• What proteins are found in blood
• A plant or plant organ cell having half Pomology (RRB Ranchi Traffic App.
platelets? - Thromboplastin and
the number of chromosomes than a Exam, 30.01.2005)
fibrinogen (RRB Gorakhpur Exam,
normal body cell is called - Haploid. • How do plants absorb food? -
(RRB Chandigarh, ASM Exam, 19.12.2004)
Through roots from soil (RRB Kolkata
09.03.2003) • What vaccine is used for whooping
Goods, Guard Exam, 27.02.2005)
• A preparation of living or dead cough? - Triple antigen (RRB
Gorakhpur Exam, 09.01.2005) • What nutrients are required in small
microorganisms or viruses used in quantities? - Minerals (RRB Kolkata
the prevention of diseases through • How many elements are required for Goods, Guard Exam, 27.02.2005)
immunization is called - Vaccine. (RRB green plants? - 15 (RRB Bhubaneswar
Exam, 13.03.2005) • What type of plants are found in
Chandigarh, ASM Exam, 09.03.2003)
streams? - Algae (RRB Kolkata Goods,
• Trypanosomes are transmitted from • What are the uses of neem leaves? - Guard Exam, 27.02.2005)
animal to animal or man by the - Leprosy, eye disorders, etc. (RRB
• What is used for X-ray of alimentary
Tsetse fly. (RRB Chandigarh, ASM Bhopal Exam, 29.05.2005)
canal? - Barium meal (RRB Chennai
Exam, 09.03.2003) • What is growing plants without soil TC Exam, 24.04.2005)
• How do earthworms contribute to soil called? - Hydroponics (RRB Guwahati
• Where are plastids found? - Plant
fertility? - Improve soil health (RRB Exam, 05.05.2005)
cells (RRB Chennai TC Exam,
Secunderabad Exam, 20.06.2004) • Which ventricle pumps blood for the 24.04.2005)
• In what form are carbohydrates whole body? - Left ventricle (RRB
• What type of teeth are pointed and
stored in the human body? - Glycogen Ranchi Exam, 04.09.2005)
have one root? - Incisors (RRB Chennai
(RRB Bangalore Exam, 27.06.2004) • What device counts blood cells? - TC Exam, 24.04.2005)
• What is an antigen? - Toxin or foreign Haemocytometer (RRB Bhubaneswar
• What functions do vitamins perform?
substance inducing immune response Exam, 25.09.2005) - Metabolism, protection, digestion
(RRB Bangalore Exam, 27.06.2004) • What percentage of nitrogen is in (RRB Guwahati Traffic App Exam,
• What identifies protein? - Sulfur (RRB urea? - 47% (RRB Jammu-Tawi Exam, 08.05.2005)
Ajmer Exam, 10.10.2004) 18.09.2005) • What diseases are spread through
• Which crop is helpful in nitrogen • What catalyst is used in contaminated water? - Jaundice,
fixation? - Beans (RRB Bangalore photosynthesis? - Carbon dioxide Typhoid, Cholera (RRB Guwahati
Exam, 17.10.2004) (RRB Mumbai Exam, 27.11.2005) Traffic App Exam, 08.05.2005)
• What is the bacterial disease of • What colors can’t colorblind people • Where is banana originally from? -
potato known as? - Ring rot (RRB differentiate? - Red and green (RRB Indigenous (RRB Guwahati Traffic App
Ranchi Exam, 09.05.2004) Ajmer Exam, 09.01.2005) Exam, 08.05.2005)
• To which crop is Tundu disease • What type of roundworm causes • Where are nutrients primarily
related? - Wheat (RRB Ajmer Exam, filariasis? - Filarioidea (RRB absorbed? - Large intestine (RRB
25.07.2004) Mahendrughat Exam, 16.01.2005) Bhubaneswar Exam, 05.02.2006))

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 185 Railway General Science

• What type of DNA is in bacteriophage? • What diseases are caused by mutant • Which snake makes nests and eats
- Single-stranded (RRB Ajmer Exam, genes? - Haemophilia, Sickle Cell other snakes? - King Cobra (RRB
02.07.2006) Anaemia, Thalassimea (RRB Mumbai, Sikanderabad, 18/11/2007)
• What class gets highest nutrition? - 07.05.2006) • What is the purpose of frog croaking?
Omnivorous (RRB Bhuwneshwar • What grows on unattended leather - Mating call (RRB Sikanderabad, 18/
Exam, 06.08.2006) shoes? - Fungus (RRB Mumbai, 11/2007)
• Where is trypsin formed? - Pancreas 07.05.2006) • Where is intestinal juice secreted
(RRB Bhuwneshwar Exam, • What technique tests embryo sex? - from? - Intestine wall (RRB Allahabad,
06.08.2006) Amniocentesis (RRB Mumbai, 09/12/2007)
• What disease causes brain swelling? 07.05.2006)
• Which insect shows social behavior
- Meningitis (RRB Secunderabad Exam, • What type of DNA is found in Sarcoma and work division? - Ant (RRB Malda,
17.07.2006) virus? - Single-stranded (RRB Ajmer 09/12/2007)
• How does an embryo receive food? - Goods Guard, 02/07/2006)
• How many chambers does a fish
Umbilical cord (RRB Secunderabad • What are potato ores? - Nodules on heart have? - 2 (RRB Malda, 09/12/
Exam, 17.07.2006) the sea bed containing various 2007)
• What function does the liver perform minerals (RRB Bangalore TC/CC/JR,
• How many chambers does a crocodile
besides digestion? - Temperature 20/08/2006)
heart have? - 4 (RRB Malda, 09/12/
regulation (RRB Mahendrughat Exam, • How is animal charcoal obtained? -
15.10.2006) 2007)
Destructive distillation of bones (RRB
• What is color-blindness also known Bangalore TC/CC/JR, 20/08/2006) • Who discovered the centriole? -
as? - Daltonism (RRB Mahendrughat Miescher (1871) (RRB Ranchi, 09/12/
• What results from excessive pituitary 2007)
Exam, 10.09.2006) gland secretion in children? - Gigantism
• What type of plants grow in salty (RRB Gorakhpur ESM-III, 08/10/2006) • How many amino acids are needed
water? - Halophyte (RRB Mahendrughat to make protein? - 20 (RRB Kolkata,
• Where are nitrogen-fixing bacteria 16/12/2007)
Exam, 10.09.2006)
found? - Roots of leguminous plants
• What branch of science studies child (RRB Kolkata TC, 05/11/2006) • What measures lung air volume? -
diseases? - Pediatrics (RRB Allahabad Spirometer (RRB Ranchi, 03/06/2007)
• Why does bread dough rise? - Carbon
Exam, 27.05.2006) • What is the medical term for loss of
dioxide formation during fermentation
• How many baby teeth do children (RRB Kolkata TC, 05/11/2006) smell? - Anosmia (RRB Ranchi, 03/
typically have? - 20 (RRB Ahmedabad 06/2007)
• What percentage of milk is water? -
Exam, 28.05.2006) • What is Cycus known as? - Living
60% (RRB Bhuwneshwara, 30/09/
• What reduces the likelihood of getting 2007) fossil (RRB Chandigarh, 24/06/2007)
smallpox again? - Previous infection • What affects the spine? - Spondylitis
• How do amphibians breathe? -
(RRB Ajmer Exam, 18.06.2006) (RRB Malda TC, 14/01/2007)
Through gills, skin, and lungs (RRB
• What is the technical term for Ajmer, 24/06/2007) • What primarily affects phloem and
beekeeping? - Apiculture (RRB marrow? - V irus (RRB Jammu &
Bhuvneshwar Exam, 20.08.2006) • Who coined the term “protozoa”? -
Georg Goldfuss (RRB Mahendrughat, Chandigarh, 11/02/2007)
• What taste and property do 08/07/2007) • What plant produces seeds but no
monosaccharides have? - Sweet,
• What is the only poisonous lizard? - fruits? - Cotton (RRB Allahabad
water-soluble (RRB Bhuvneshwar
Heloderma (RRB Mahendrughat, 08/ ECRC/CA/ASM, 11/02/2007)
Exam, 20.08.2006)
07/2007) • Who is commonly affected by
• What is Ampicillin used for? - Treating
• How much intestinal juice is secreted hookworm infection? - Agricultural
bacterial infections (RRB
Mahendrughat Patna, 15/01/2006) daily? - 2 liters (RRB Allahabad, 26/ laborers (RRB Allahabad ECRC/CA/
08/2007) ASM, 11/02/2007)
• What is the kidney’s function regarding
water? - Maintaining water balance • How many legs and wings do insects • What causes hoof disease in cattle?
(RRB Mahendrughat Patna, 15/01/ have? - 6 legs, 4 wings (RRB - Virus (RRB Patna ASM/Goods Guard
2006) Mahendrughat, 07/10/2007) Exam, 06/05/2007)
• What is carbohydrate broken down • What is the highest blood • What is a mule? - Hybrid of male
into during respiration? - Glycogen temperature in mammals? - 39°C horse and female donkey (DMRC
(RRB Bhubaneshwar, 05/02/2006) (Goat) (RRB Chennai, 21/10/2007) Station Controller Exam, 09/09/2007)
• What organ is affected by a defective • Which class of animals lacks a • What is the average gestation period
double-layered valve? - Heart (RRB urinary bladder? - Avian (RRB of sheep? - 150 days (RRC Bhuvneshwar
Guwahati, 12/02/2006) Chennai, 21/10/2007) Group D Exam, 07/10/2007)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 186 Railway General Science

• Where are pollen grains produced? - • What process occurs in Biophyllum? • Which tree is drought-tolerant? -
During meiosis (RRC Bhuvneshwar - Amplification of new plants from Plum tree (RRB Gorakhpur CC/TC
Group D Exam, 07/10/2007) leaves (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, 14/12/ Exam, 23/11/2008)
• Where is jute obtained from? - Stem 2008) • What drug is used against AIDS? -
of the plant (RRC Bhuvneshwar Group • Where is myosin acid found? - Zidovudine (Azidothymidine) (RRB
D Exam, 07/10/2007) Muscles (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, 14/12/ Gorakhpur CC/TC Exam, 23/11/2008)
• Why don’t fish sink? - Presence of 2008) • Why is protein important for
swim bladder (RRC Bhuvneshwar • What is the normal blood cholesterol children? - Growth and development
Group D Exam, 07/10/2007) level? - 150-250 mg/100ml (RRB up to age 14 (RRB Gorakhpur CC/TC
• What is the most complex organic Muzaffarpur ASM Exam, 20/01/2008) Exam, 23/11/2008)
substance? - Protein (RRB Patna TC/ • How is sugar cane regrown? - Stem • How can premature fruit fall be
CC Exam, 25/11/2007) cuttings (RRB Malda TC Exam, 03/02/ prevented? - Auxin sprays (RRB
• Can color blindness be cured? - No 2008) Gorakhpur CC/TC Exam, 23/11/2008)
(RRB Ranchi Goods Guard/ECRC Exam, • What makes a plant disease- • What is hypnology? - Scientific study
09/12/2007) resistant? - Pesticides (RRB Ajmer of sleep and hypnotic phenomena
• What percentage of blood is RBC? - ASM Exam, 13/04/2008) (RRB Chennai Exam, 18/12/2009)
10% (RRB Kolkata ECRC Exam, 09/12/ • What is the largest phase in cell • What stops bleeding? - Ferric chloride
2007) division? - Prophase (RRB Ajmer ASM (RRB Chennai Exam, 18/12/2009)
• Who propounded DNA synthesis Exam, 13/04/2008) • How many valves does the human
theory? - Aurther Kornberg and • When are meiotic chromosomes heart have? - Four (RRB Gorakhpur
Ochoa (RRB Kolkata ECRC Exam, 09/ alike? - Metaphase (RRB Ajmer ASM Exam, 11/10/2009)
12/2007) Exam, 13/04/2008) • What is a symptom of gout disease?
• How many chromosomes do people • What type of protein is found in - High uric acid levels (RRB Malda
with Down syndrome have? - 47 (RRB viruses? - Primary protein (RRB Ajmer Exam, 08/11/2009)
Malda Exam, 03/02/2008) ASM Exam, 13/04/2008) • What deficiencies cause
• Why shouldn’t you sleep under a tree • What is test-tube fertilization? - dehydration? - Sodium chloride,
at night? - Trees take oxygen and Fertilization in fallopian tube (RRB potassium chloride (RRB Malda Exam,
release carbon dioxide (RRB Ajmer Ajmer ECRC Exam, 18/05/2008) 08/11/2009)
Exam, 13/04/2008) • What is the most abundant element • What is the cell wall of bacteria made
• What type of flower is Arabica? - in the human body? - Carbon (RRB of? - Peptidoglycan (RRB Delhi Metro
Coffee flower (RRB Kolkata Exam, 02/ Ajmer ECRC Exam, 18/05/2008) Rail Exam, 26/04/2009)
11/2008) • What substitutes kidney function? - • What causes dysentery? - Protozoa
• What types of protein do viruses Artificial dialysis (RRB Kolkata T.A. Entamoeba (RRB Bhopal Exam, 28/06/
have? - Both DNA and RNA Exam, 02/11/2008) 2009)
(Gorakhpur Exam, 07/12/2008) • What type of organism is a • Where is energy released during
• How many heart chambers does an mushroom? - Fungus (RRB Kolkata respiration? - Mitochondria (RRB
earthworm have? - Four (RRB Bhopal T.A. Exam, 02/11/2008) Bangalore Exam, 12/07/2009)
Exam, 20/01/2008) • Where is Vitamin E mainly found? - • How do turtles respire? - Through
• Which mammal is poisonous? - Germinated grains (RRB Kolkata T.A. skin (RRB Ajmer Exam, 25/07/2009)
Duckbill platypus (RRB Bhopal Exam, Exam, 02/11/2008) • What is released from food? - Stored
20/01/2008) • What treats typhoid? - Chloromycetin energy (RRB Ajmer Exam, 25/07/2009)
• What is the smallest bird? - (RRB Kolkata T.A. Exam, 02/11/2008) • What hormone controls calcium
Hummingbird (RRB Bhopal Exam, 20/ • What type of tissue is cartilage? - levels? - Calcitonin (RRB Ranchi Exam,
01/2008) Groups of 2, 4, or 8 cells (RRB 16/08/2009)
• What is the average brain weight? - Gorakhpur CC/TC Exam, 23/11/2008) • How is V itamin C eliminated? -
1400 gm (RRB Malda Exam, 29/06/ • What are examples of solutions of Excreted in urine (RRB Ranchi Exam,
2008) liquid in solid? - Gel, starch, protein 16/08/2009)
• How are fat and waste removed from (RRB Gorakhpur CC/TC Exam, 23/11/ • What are the reproductive glands? -
the body? - Through kidneys (RRB 2008) Ovary, Testicle (RRB Ranchi Exam, 16/
Bangalore Exam, 19/10/2008) • Why can some oil-rich seeds be 08/2009)
• Who classified phylum arthropoda? stored long-term? - Presence of • What type of excretion occurs in
- Von Siebold (1845) (RRB Bangalore unsaturated fatty acids (RRB humans? - Uricotelic (RRB Ranchi
Exam, 19/10/2008) Gorakhpur CC/TC Exam, 23/11/2008) Exam, 16/08/2009)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 187 Railway General Science

• What is the average lung capacity? - • What is affected by excessive heat? - • Who developed DNA profiling? - Dr.
6-8 liters (RRB Chandigarh Exam, 20/ Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) (RRB Ajmer Alec Jeffreys (RRB Bhuvnashwer Exam,
09/2009) Exam, 05/12/2010) 30/01/2011)
• What is the study of joints called? - • What causes Jaundice? - Increase of • Where is litmus obtained from? -
Arthrology (RRB Chandigarh Exam, bilirubin (RRB Ajmer Exam, 05/12/ Lichens (RRB Bhuvnashwer Exam, 30/
20/09/2009) 2010) 01/2011)
• Why is carbohydrate given to • What is the largest type of WBC? - • What transports digested food and
athletes? - To quickly re-energize (RRB Monocyte (RRB Ranchi Exam, 05/12/ hormones? - Plasma (RRB Bhopal
Ajmer Exam, 25/10/2009) 2010) Exam, 16/10/2011)
• What percentage of body mass is • What is the largest endocrine gland? • What helps in growth and repair? -
blood? - 7% (RRB Ahmedabad Exam, - Pancreas (RRB Ranchi Exam, 05/12/ Protein (RRB Mahendrughat Exam,
01/11/2009) 2010) 16/10/2011)
• What is adrenaline also called? - • What is Alzheimer’s? - A progressive
• What is Laminaria? - Seaweed (RRB
Emergency Hormone (RRB brain disorder destroying memory
Ranchi Exam, 05/12/2010)
Trivendrum Exam, 22/11/2009) and mental functions (RRB
• Which body part has the most bones? Secunderabad TC/CC Exam, 23/01/
• Where is turpentine oil obtained
- Hands and feet (RRB Gorakhpur TC/ 2011)
from? - Pines (RRB Delhi Metro Rail
CC Exam, 10/01/2010)
Exam, 13/12/2009) • What disease is caused by viral
• Is color blindness hereditary? - Yes • What purifies air? - Plants (RRB infection? - Common cold (RRB
(RRB Bhopal Ticket Collector Exam, Mumbai Group ‘D’ Exam, 16/05/2010) Guwahati Exam, 08/01/2012)
22/02/2009) • What produces antibodies? - • What imaging technique diagnoses
• What hormone aids ovum Lymphocytes (RRB Kolkata Exam, 30/ kidney stones? - Ultrasound imaging
implantation? - Progesterone (RRB 01/2011) (RRB Guwahati Exam, 08/01/2012)
Allahabad ASM Exam, 14/06/2009) • What is transported by plasma? - • What causes liver cirrhosis? - Excess
• What digestive juice lacks enzymes? Digested food, hormones (RRB alcohol consumption (RRB Guwahati
- Bile (RRB Allahabad ASM Exam, 14/ Kolkata Exam, 30/01/2011) Exam, 08/01/2012)
06/2009) • What is sterilization in women • How many walking legs does a
• Who determines the sex of a child? - called? - Tubectomy (RRB Gorakhpur cockroach have? - 3 pairs (RRB
Father (chromosomes) (RRB Exam, 16/10/2011) Guwahati Exam, 08/01/2012)
Bhuvaneshwar ASM Exam, 30/08/2009) • What is sterilization in men called? - • What deficiency causes pellagra? -
• What tissue covers the upper skull? - Vasectomy (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, 16/ Niacin deficiency (RRB Secundrabad
Galea aponeurotica (RRB Kolkata 10/2011) Exam, 22/01/2012)
Exam, 13/06/2010) • What is the smallest gland in the • What is the pH of gastric acid? - 1.5-
• Where are legumes and Rhizobium human body? - Pineal gland (RRB 3.5 (RRB Secundrabad Exam, 22/01/
found? - Pulse roots (RRB Chennai Gorakhpur Exam, 16/10/2011) 2012)
Exam, 13/06/2010) • What category do yeast and
• What is adrenaline also known as? -
• What are examples of root vegetables? “Fight or flight” hormone (RRB mushrooms belong to? - Fungi (RRB
- Onion, potato, ginger, turmeric (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, 16/10/2011) Ajmer Exam, 22/01/2012)
Allahabad Exam, 13/06/2010) • How many teeth grow twice in a
• Where is blood pressure maximum?
• What is another name for Diphtheria? - Aorta (RRB Gorakhpur Exam, 16/ human lifetime? - 32 (20 primary and
- Bull neck (RRB Mumbai Exam, 26/ 10/2011) 12 permanent) (RRC Group D Exam,
09/2010) 06/05/2012)
• Who discovered protozoa? - Antonie
• Where are Vitamins A and D stored? • What is the average fat content in
van Leeuwenhoek (RRB Ahmedabad
- Liver (RRB Bangalore Exam, 26/09/ buffalo milk? - 7-8% (RRC Group D
Exam, 30/01/2011)
2010) Exam, 06/05/2012)
• Where is cinnamon obtained from? -
• What is examined during a post- • What is the plasma membrane
Bark of Cinnamomum tree (RRB composed of? - Lipids and proteins
mortem for food poisoning? - Liver
Bangalore Exam, 30/01/2011) (RRB Chandigarh Exam, 15/07/2012)
(RRB Bangalore Exam, 26/09/2010)
• What category do mangoes and peas • What pollution causes kidney • What is an important component of
belong to? - Real fruits (RRB Bangalore disease? - Cadmium (RRB Chandigarh protein? - Nitrogen (RRB Chandigarh
Exam, 26/09/2010) Exam, 30/01/2011) Exam, 15/07/2012)
• What is the scientific study of ants • What breaks down food into • Why are fruits sweet? - Fructose and
called? - Myrmecology (RRB maltose? - Ptyalin (RRB Bhopal Exam, other sugars (RRB Chandigarh Exam,
Secundrabad Exam, 26/09/2010) 30/01/2011) 15/07/2012)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 188 Railway General Science

• What is Gerontology? - Study of aging • What helps blood clot? - Platelets and (RRC Hajipur Group ‘D’ Exam,
(RRB Secundrabad Exam, 15/07/2012) clotting factors (RRB Bangalore Exam, 06.05.2012)
• What is the division of the nucleus 15.07.2012) • Which gland stimulates various
called? - Karyokinesis (RRB • Where is the pituitary gland located? bodily functions? - Pituitary gland
Secundrabad Exam, 15/07/2012) - Base of the brain (RRB Bangalore (RRC Hajipur Group ‘D’ Exam,
• Where are papillary muscles Exam, 15.07.2012) 06.05.2012)
located? - Ventricles of the heart (RRB • How many vertebrae do humans • What is Murrah? - High-yielding
Secundrabad Exam, 15/07/2012) have? - 33 (RRB Bangalore Exam, breed of water buffalo (RRC Hajipur
• What is the lifespan of sperm? - 48- 15.07.2012) Group ‘D’ Exam, 06.05.2012)
72 hours (RRB Secundrabad Exam, 15/ • What regulates blood pressure? - • What causes leprosy? -
07/2012) Adrenal glands, kidneys, and other Mycobacterium leprae (RRC North
• Which enzyme is secreted by the factors (RRB Bangalore Exam, Zone Group ‘D’ Exam, 13.05.2012)
stomach? - Gastrin (RRB Mumbai 15.07.2012) • What causes typhoid fever? -
Exam, 15.07.2012) • What is inadequate blood supply Salmonella Typhi (RRC North Zone
• Who first used the term “species”? - called? - Anemia or hypoxia (RRB Group ‘D’ Exam, 13.05.2012)
John Ray (RRB Kolkata Exam, Bangalore Exam, 15.07.2012) • What is the largest muscle in the
15.07.2012) • What part of the brain is associated human body? - Gluteus maximus (RRC
• What is the essential element of all with wisdom? - Cerebrum (RRB North Zone Group ‘D’ Exam,
organic compounds? - Carbon (RRB Combined Exam, 02.12.2012) 13.05.2012)
Kolkata Exam, 15.07.2012) • What is another name for the plague? • What is used as green manure in
• Who discovered bacterial - Black Death (RRB Combined Exam, paddy fields? - Azolla (water fern)
transformation? - Frederick Griffith 02.12.2012) (RRC North Zone Group ‘D’ Exam,
(RRB Kolkata Exam, 15.07.2012) • Who discovered the leprosy 13.05.2012)
• What is snake poison composed of? bacillus? - Gerhard Armauer Hansen • What nutrients do chemical fertilizers
- Proteins and enzymes (RRB Kolkata (RRB Combined Exam, 02.12.2012) provide? - Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus
Exam, 15.07.2012) • What is ischemia? - Inadequate blood (P), and Potassium (K) (RRC North Zone
• In which era did life originate on supply to an organ or body part (RRB Group ‘D’ Exam, 13.05.2012)
Earth? - Precambrian era (RRB Chandigarh Exam, 08.01.2012) • What is the busiest organ in the body?
Kolkata Exam, 15.07.2012) • What is the function of a diuretic? - - Heart (RRC Hajipur Exam,
• Who first synthesized amino acids? Increase urine production (RRB 17.11.2013)
- Stanley Miller (RRB Ahmedabad Chandigarh Exam, 08.01.2012) • What is the transformed form of a
Exam, 15.07.2012) • What percentage of human blood is stem in an onion? - Modified
• How many ovaries do most bird plasma? - Approximately 55% (RRB underground stem (RRC Allahabad
species have? - One (RRB Allahabad Chandigarh Exam, 08.01.2012) Exam, 24.11.2013)
Exam, 15.07.2012) • Where is chlorophyll found? - Plants, • Which gland secretes tears? -
• What is the larval stage of Algae, and Cyanobacteria (RRB Group Lacrimal gland (RRC Allahabad Exam,
cockroaches called? - Nymph (RRB D Exam, 03.06.2012) 24.11.2013)
Allahabad Exam, 15.07.2012) • What causes blue baby syndrome? - • Who discovered blood circulation? -
• What is the average lifespan of Nitrate contamination in drinking William Harvey (RRC Allahabad Exam,
parrots? - 20-100 years (varies by water (RRB Samlit Exam, 09.12.2012) 24.11.2013)
species) (RRB Allahabad Exam, • Who is considered the father of • What helps form blood clots? -
15.07.2012) histology? - Marcello Malpighi (RRB Platelets (Thrombocytes) (RRC Delhi
• Does Amoeba have a nervous system? Samlit Exam, 09.12.2012) Exam, 24.11.2013)
- No (RRB Allahabad Exam, • What is the plasma membrane of a • What is the largest flower? - Rafflesia
15.07.2012) eukaryotic cell primarily composed arnoldii (RRC Secundrabad Exam,
• What is apiculture? - Beekeeping and of? - Phospholipid bilayer (RRB Samlit 24.11.2013)
study of bees (RRB Allahabad Exam, Exam, 09.12.2012) • What is the function of leaves? - Food
15.07.2012) • What is the final product of starch production through photosynthesis
• Which artery measures blood digestion in the alimentary canal? - (RRC Secundrabad Exam, 24.11.2013)
pressure? - Brachial artery (RRB Maltose (RRB Technician Exam, • What do plants inhale through
Allahabad Exam, 15.07.2012) 16.12.2012) leaves? - Carbon dioxide (RRC
• What happens when kidneys fail? - • Where is Entamoeba gingivalis Secundrabad Exam, 24.11.2013)
Urea buildup (RRB Bangalore Exam, typically found? - Oral cavity, • What is the largest living bird? -
15.07.2012) specifically between teeth and gums Ostrich (RRC Delhi Exam, 08.12.2013)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 189 Railway General Science

• What type of fish migrate from sea to • What facilitates milk ejection from • What part of the human body is the
freshwater to spawn? - Anadromous the body? - Oxytocin (RRC Allahabad appendix attached to? - Large intestine
(RRB ASM Exam, 18.08.2013) Exam, 02.11.2014) (RRC Delhi Exam, 02.11.2014)
• What type of cells form a protective • What contains DNA in bacteria? - • What type of animals are primary
barrier? - Epithelial cells (RRB TC/CC/ consumers? - Herbivorous animals
Plasmid (RRC Allahabad Exam,
JC Exam, 22.09.2013) (RRC Kolkata Exam, 02.11.2014)
02.11.2014)
• What percentage of global • What is the nature of blood? - Alkaline
photosynthesis is carried out by • Where are root nodules found? - (basic) (RRC Kolkata Exam,
algae? - Approximately 70-80% (RRB Leguminous plants (RRC Allahabad 02.11.2014)
TC/CC/JC Exam, 22.09.2013) Exam, 02.11.2014)
• What forms the respiratory system
• What type of primate is an • What is the gap between two neurons of scorpions? - Book lung (RRC
orangutan? - Great ape (RRC Kolkata called? - Synapse (RRC Allahabad Kolkata Exam, 02.11.2014)
Group ‘D‘ Exam, 24.11.2013) Exam, 02.11.2014) • What hormone is secreted during
• What is the purpose of a sanatorium? • Who discovered the Anopheles anxiety/fear? - Adrenaline (RRC
- Treatment of tuberculosis (RRC mosquito’s role in malaria? - Ronald Kolkata Exam, 02.11.2014)
Kolkata Group ‘D‘ Exam, 08.12.2013) • What part of an onion is edible? -
Ross (RRC Guwahati Exam,
• What type of hormone is present in 02.11.2014) Fleshy leaves (RRC Hajipur Exam,
birth control pills? - Steroid hormone 14.12.2014)
(RRC Allahabad Exam, 02.11.2014) • Where is the DNA fingerprinting and
• What causes heart attacks? -
Diagnostic Centre located? -
• What is derived from blood? - Gamma Deficiency of blood flow to heart (RRC
globulin (RRC Allahabad Exam, Hyderabad (RRC Guwahati Exam,
Hajipur Exam, 14.12.2014)
02.11.2014) 02.11.2014)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 190 Railway General Science

 28
Generations of Computer
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
Generation Year Component Computer Models Language
• First 1940-56 Vacuum Tubes UNIAC, ENIAC, EDSAC, EDVAC- Machine language
• Second 1956-63 Transistors IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 1620, Assembly language
IBM 1401, IBM 650, IBM 7094
• Third 1964 - 71 - IC chips TDC - 316, IBM 370, IBM 360, PDP - 8 High Level language
• Fourth 1971-(At Present) Micro Processor DEC 10, STAR 1000, CRAY- 1 -VLS
• Fifth Present and Future Artificial LISP, PROLOG - ULSI
Intelligence
FIRST GENERATION • ENIAC - Electronic Numerical • The language used by the 3rd
• The language used by the first Integrator and calculator generation computers
generation computers SECOND GENERATION Ans : High level languages
Ans : Machine Languages • Third generation of computer is also
• The language used by the second
• Vacuum tubes were used as hardware known as
generation computers
in Ans : First Generation Computers Ans : LSI (Large Scale Integration)
Ans : Assembly languages
• Vacuum tubes is also called as • Third generation computers interface
TRANSISTOR WAS INVENTED BY
Ans : Valves with an Ans : Operating system
• William Shockley • Key boards and monitors were used
• Vacuum tube was invented by
• John Berdeen for the first time in
Ans : John.A. Fleming
• Walter Brattain Ans : Third Generation Computer
• First generation computer input was
given through punched cards and • The hardware used by the second FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER
output was displayed on generation of computers • The hardware used in the fourth
Ans : Printout generation computer
Ans : Transistors
• First generation’s operating system Ans : Microprocessor chip
• Second generation computers also
allowed only one program to run at a • In Microprocessor thousands of
used punched card for input and print
time and a number of jobs were Integrated circuits were built into a
out for output
grouped for processing; It was known single silicon chip
as Ans : Batch processing THIRD GENERATION
• Fourth generation computer technology
• UNIAC - Universal Automatic • The hardware used by the third is known as
Computer generation computer Ans : VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
• EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Ans : IC Chip (Integrated Circuit) • Graphical User Interface (GUI)was
Automatic Calculator
• Integrated Circuit was invented by used in the
• EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Ans : Fourth Generation Computers
Ans : Jack Kilby
Automatic computer

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 193 Railway General Science

 FIFTH GENERATION • Asia’s first supercomputer was- one • Bill Gates in 1975 ________ With
• Fifth generation Computing device (RRB NTPC 22.02.2021 (Shift-1)) 'Microsoft Corporation corporation'
was based on • India’s youngest and first Multi-PETA was co-founded by- Paul G. Allen (RRB
Ans : Artificial Intelligence Flops (multi- Peta Flops) NTPC 03.04.2021 (Shift-II))
Supercomputer ‘Pratyush’ is used for • Microsoft Corporation was
• Father of Artificial Intelligence
_________ purpose. - weather forecast established in the year 1975 in
Ans : John McCarthy (RRB NTPC 17.02.2021 (Shift-I)) __________- Albuquerque, New
• Fifth generation computer technology • Mac is a type of personal computer, Mexico, United States of America (RRB
is known as which is made by _____ company - NTPC 23.07.2021 (Shift-II))
Ans : ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) Apple (RRB NTPC 21.03.2021 (Shift-II) )
• To facilitate international connectivity
Development of computer • Supercomputer PARAM 8000 was in communication networks in
released in the year _______ – 1991 ____International Telecommunication
• What is the maximum speed capacity of
(RRB NTPC 15.03.2021 (Shift-II))
the supercomputer recently Union was established by- 1865 (RRB
commissioned under the National • Supercomputer manufactured in NTPC 05.03.2021 (Shift-11))
Supercomputing Mission ? - 3.3 Petaflops India ‘ PARAM 10000 ‘ The name of
Previous Year Questions
the developer is- C-DAC, Pune. ( RRB
• The name of India’s first 1. Which of the following is a single
NTPC 08.02.2021 (Shift-II))
supercomputer is- Param 8000 (RRB chip based device that is a complete
• The first mechanical computer
NTPC 14/06/2022 (Shift-1) (RRB NTPC processor in itself and is capable of
designed by Charles Babbage is
23.01.2021 (Shift-I) RRB NTPC 2016
known as – Analytical Engine (RRB performing arithmetic and logical
Junior Engineer Technical 27/12/2015)
NTPC 21.01.2021 (Shift-II)) Operation? (RRB NTPC 11.01.2021)
• Considered the ‘Father of Indian
• The first general-purpose electronic (a) Macroprocessor
Supercomputers’ - Vijay Bhatkar (RRB
computer, full form of ENIAC is – (c) Modem
NTPC 22.02.2021 (Shift-1))
Electronic Numerical Integrator and
• ________generation computers were (b) Muluprocessing
Computer. (RRB NTPC 07.04.2021 (Shift-II))
heavy, vacuum tube based and (d) Operating System
• The name of the world’s first
expensive – 1st generation (RRB Answer (a) Microprocessor
electronic digital computer is- ENIAC
NTPC 12.01.2021 (Shift-II) SSC 10+2
(RRB NTPC 01.04.2021 (Shift-1) UPPSC 2. Who among the following is known as
CHSL 2017 RRB NTPC 14/03/2021 Asstt. Forest Conservator Exam 2013) the 'Father of Indian Supercomputers'?
(Shift-1) , SSC CHSL (Tier-1) 15/03/
• In 1943 J.W. JW Mauchly and J. The name (RRB NTPC 22.02.2021)
2023 (Shift-1) UPSSSC Computer
of the first computer without (a) Jayant Narlikar
Operator 10/01/2020)
mechanical parts built by J. Presper
• Is considered the father of computer- (b) RA Mashelkar
Eckert was- ENIAC (RRB NTPC 06.04.2021
Charles Babbage (RRB NTPC (Shift-1), Village Development Officer 22/ (c) Nandan Nilkeni
08.01.2021 (Shift-II) Lower-11 06/03/ 12/2018 (Shift-11)) (d) Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar
20216 SSC (10+2) CHSL 2017 Lower
• _________ University designed and Answer (d) Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar
Exam 01/16/2019 UPSSSC Lower
manufactured the first electronic
Mains 21/10/2021 Paper-I UPPCS Pre- 3. In which generation were computers
computer ( ENIAC)- pennsylvania (RRB
GS-2017) bulky. Vacuum based and costly?
NTPC 09.02.2021 (Shift-1))
• Second generation computers were (RRB NTPC 12.01.2021)
• Which of the following is used in
based on ________ – Transistors (RRB global weather forecasting – Super- (a) Fourth generation
NTPC 12.03.2021 (Shift-I) UPSI 17/11/ computer (RRB NTPC 07.04.2021 (b) First generation
2021 (Shift-1)) (Shift-II)) (c) Fifth generation
• The name of the supercomputer • Co-founder of Apple Computers is
(d) Third generation
developed by Tata Group in 2007 is- Steve Jober. (RRB NTPC 11.01.2021
one (RRB NTPC 08.03.2021 (Shift-I)) (Shift-II)) Answer (b) First generation

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 194 Railway General Science

4. Which of the following is not a series 9. Which of the following is world's first (a) Silicon
of the supercomputer PARAM that super computer developed in 1976? (b) Steel
was developed by Indian scientists? (RRB NTPC 16.04.2016)
(c) Duralumin
(RRB NTPC 08.02.2021)
(a) Acron Atom (b) Cray-1
(d) Tungsten
(a) PARAM MITRA
(c) PCW h (d) PET
Answer (a) Silicon
(b) PARAM 8000
Answer (b) Cray-1
16. Batch processing was mainly used in
(c) PARAM BRAHMA
10. in which generation of computer this generation. (NCERT)
(d) PARAM 8600 mechanical language has been used?
(a) 1st (b) 2nd
Answer (a) PARAM MITRA (RRB NTPC 12.04.2016)
(c) 3rd (d) 4th
5. What is the Binary Electronic (a) First (b) Second
Answer (a) 1st
Sequence made in 1953? (RRB NTPC (c) Third (d) Fourth
03.04.2016) 17. In this generation Time sharing,
Answer (a) first Real time, Networks, Distributed
(a) Electronic Computer
11. Till year 2015 __________:which Operating System was used.
(b) Digital Computer
generation computer production has (NCERT)
(c) Quantum Computer occurred- (RRB NTPC 26.04.2016) (a) 1st
(d) Analog Computer (a) 6th (b) 5th (b) 2nd
Answer (a) Electronic computer (c) 3rd (d) 4th (c) 5th
6. Which of the following is India's Answer (b) 5th (d) 4th
fastest and first petaflops super
12. Which of the following series, Answer d) 4th
computer which is inaugurated in
India's first super computer series
Indian Institutes of Tropical 18. ULSI stands for? (NCERT)
developed in Pune? (RRB NTPC
Meteorology in Pune? (RRB Group-D (a) Ultra Large Scale Integration
016.04.2016)
08.10.2018)
(b) Under Lower Scale Integration
(a) Science (b) Dhanush
(a) PUNAM (b) PRATYUSH
(c) Ultra Lower Scale Integration
(c) ADITYA (d) SURYA (c) Param (d) Shakti
(d) Under Large Scale Integration
Answer (b) PRATYUSH Answer (c) Param
Answer (a) Ultra Large Scale Integration
7. Which of the following companies 13. Which of the following is indigenous
super computer of India? (RRB NTPC 19. The period of ____ generation was
stopped making personal
30.04.2016) 1952-1964. (NCERT)
computers in 2005? (RRB NTPC
11.01.12021) (a) PARAM 8000 (b) PARAM Yuva II (a) 1st (b) 2nd

(a) Ace (b) IBM (c) ADITYA (d) BHASKAR (c) 5th (d) 4th

(c) Asus (d) Dell Answer (a) PARAM 8000 Answer (b) 2nd
Answer (b) IBM 14. When the Microsoft Corporation 20. Is an emerging branch in computer
8. Who is remembered for giving the established? (RRB NTPC science, which interprets means and
theory of programmable computer? (06.04.2016) method of making computers think
(RRB NTPC 04.04.2016) like human beings. (NCERT)
(a) 1979 (b) 1981
(a) Charles Babbage (a) Block chain
(c) 1975 (d) 1965
(b) John Tucker (b) VR
Answer (c)1975
(c) Steve Jobs (c) AI
15. Which metal is used in the making
(d) Bill Gates of microchips? (RRB NTPC (d) Cloud computing

Answer (a) Charles Babbage 25.01.2021) Answer (c) AI

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 195 Railway General Science

 29
Computer Memory
MEMORY UNIT • The memory which has data and • EPROM is also known as
• Data and instructions are stored in instructions written to it only one Ans : Ultra-violet erasable
time Ans : ROM
Ans : Memory unit programmable ROM
• Two types of memory VARIOUS TYPES OF ROM
• EPROM was invented by
Ans : Primary Memory ,Secondary • PROM (Programmable Read only
Ans : Dov Frohman
Memory Memory)
EEPROM
PRIMARY MEMORY • MROM (Mask Read only Memory)
• Type of memory that can be
• Primary Memory is also known as • EPROM (Erasable Programmable
Read only Memory) programmed and erased electrically
Ans : Main Memory
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Ans : EEPROM
• The memory unit that communicates
directly with the CPU Programmable Read only Memory) • EEPROM was developed by
Ans : Primary Memory PROM Ans : George Perlegos
• Primary Memory is classified into • Type of a read only memory that can • The memory in EEPROM can be erased
two types Ans : RAM and ROM be modified only once by a user by using
RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) Ans : PROM Ans : Electrical signals
• RAM is a temporary memory • PROM was first developed by CACHE MEMORY
• RAM is a volatile memory Ans : Wen Tsing Chow (1956) • A very high speed memory placed in
• RAM is also known as • Type of memory that can be between RAM and CPU
Ans : Read/Write Memory programmed only once and is not
Ans : Cache Memory
• RAM is located on the Mother board erasable Ans : PROM
of Computer • Cache memory increases the speed
• Type of memory which is known as
• Two types of RAM of Ans : Processing
one time programmable device
Ans : DRAM (Dynamic RAM),SRAM • Cache is a memory that a CPU can
Ans : PROM
(Static RAM) access more quickly than regular
MROM
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY) Ans : RAM
• Type of memory which is a
• Read only memory is a permanent preprogrammed set of data or • The technique of transferring a copy
memory of data from main memory to a cache
instructions Ans : MROM
• ROM is a non-volatile memory memory is called Ans : Mapping
• MROM is an inexpensive ROM
• Firmware is stored in Ans : ROM FLASH MEMORY
EPROM
• The memory does not lose its content • Flash memory is a non-volatile
when power is switched off • Type of memory that can be erased
and reprogrammed repeatedly computer storage chip made of
Ans : ROM
Ans : EPROM Ans : EEPROM
• The memory which has only read
capability and no write capability • The EPROM can be erased by using Eg: Memory cards
Ans : ROM Ans : Ultra - violet light • USB Flash drive

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 REGISTER HARD DISK • Three type of CDs
• The temporary storage area in CPU • The device used to store permanently Ans : CD - ROM, CD - R, CD - RW
Ans : Register and retrieve information
• CD-ROM
• All data must be represented in Ans : Hard Disk
Ans : Compact Disk - Read Only
register before it is processed • Hard disk is divided into two namely
Memory
• The power and speed of a CPU is Ans : Tracks and Sectors
• Data is recorded permanently on the
determined by • The activity of creating sectors and
surface of the optical disk by using
Ans : Number of Registers tracks on a hard disk is known as
Ans : Laser
BUFFER Ans : Formatting
• The contents in CD-ROM cannot be
• The temporary physical storage used • The device generally contains six
platters stacked on one another changed or erased
to hold data during execution of
process from one place to another Ans : Hard disk • CD-R

Ans : Buffer • Each platter in hard disk is divided Ans : Compact Disk - Recordable
into concentric circles called • Data once stored in CD-R cannot be
• Buffer is a storage area in
Ans : Tracks erased
Ans : RAM
• Each track is subdivided into • CD-RW
ADDRESS
Ans : Sectors Ans : Compact Disk - Rewritable
• A unique identification of a location
memory is called Ans : Address • Speed of hard disk is measured in
• The type of CD which is used to write
BUS Ans : RPM (Revolution per Minute) data multiple times by the use of
• A communication system that • The normal size of a hard drive sector format feature Ans : CD-RW
transfers data between components is Ans : 512 bites
BLUE RAY DISK
inside a computer, or between FLOPPY DISK
• A data storage device designed to
computers is called Ans : BUS • Floppy disk was discovered by replace the DVD format
• All buses consist of two parts namely Ans : Alan Shugart
Ans : Blue Ray Disk
Ans : Address bus and Data bus • Size of floppy disk
• An optical disk storage medium
• The bus that is used to specify a Ans : 3.5 inch, 5.25 inch, 8 inch designed mainly for storing HD video
physical address.Ans : Address bus • Storage capacity of floppy disk resolution format
• The collection or a sequence of a Ans : 1.44MB Ans : Blue Ray Disk
signal line that are responsible for
• The part of the computer where floppy
carrying data from one place to • Storage capacity of a Blue ray disk
disks are inserted
another in a computer Ans : 25 GB
Ans : Floppy disk drive
Ans : Data bus USB (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)
OPTICAL DISK
SECONDARY MEMORY • USB Flash Drive is also known as
• Compact Disk was discovered by
• Secondary Memory is also known as
Ans : James.T. Russell Ans : Pen Drive
Ans : Auxiliary Memory or External
• An example for digital optical disk • The device which is smaller, faster,
Memory
Ans : CD having more capacity, more
• The memory which stores data durability and reliability than a CD
permanently • Storage capacity of a CD
Ans : 650 to 750 MB Ans : USB
Ans : Secondary memory
• Diameter of a CD Ans : 12cm MEMORY MEASUREMENT
eg: Magnetic tape
• DVD is • The smallest memory measurement
• Floppy Disc
Ans : Digital Versatile Disk unit Ans : Bit
• Hard Disc
• Storage capacity of a DVD • The highest memory unit
• Optical Disc
Ans : 4.7GB Ans : Geop Byte
• DVD

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 197 Railway General Science

 Previous Year Questions (a) Main article: VLSI (a) 22 bits (b) 24-bit
1. Which of the following types of read (b) ROM (c) 32-bit (d) 14-bit
only memory can be erased and (c) RAM Answer (a) 32- bit
reprogrammed by exposing it to an
(d) LSI 12. RA M is u se d as s h o rt -t er m
electric charge? ( RRB NTPC 12/06/
2022) Answer (b) Rom memory because: ( RRB JE 2014
(a) EEPROM (a) EPROM 7. In computer terminology, what is the 14.12.2014)
full form of EPROM? ( RRB NTPC (a) It is mutable
(c) PRO (d) Rome
29.01.2021)
Answer (a) EEPROM (b) It is more expensive
(a) Extended Program Rewritable
2. Which of the following memory is not (c) Its capacity is low
Only Memory
an auxiliary memory in a computer? (d) It is programmable
( RRB NTPC 28.12.2020) (b) Erasable Programmable Read-
Only Memory Answer (a) It is mutable
(a) Magnetic Tapes(b) PROM
(c) Executable Program Revisit Only 13. Which of the following is a storage
(c) CD-ROM (d) Floppy
Memory device of a computer? Is it obsolete
Answer (b) PROM now? (RRB NTPC 22.04.2016)
(d) Electronically Programmable
3. Which of the following memory can Retrieve Only Memory (a) Floppy
be programmed by the user once and
then cannot be erased and Answer (b) Erasable Programmable Read- (b) CD ROM
reprogrammed? ( RRB JE 31-08-2019) Only Memory
(c) Pen drive
(a) EEROM (b) ROM 8. The part of the computer where data
(d) Hard disk
and specifications are stored? (RRB
(c) Flash Memory (d) EPROM Answer (a) Floppy
SSE (21.12.2014)
Answer (b) ROM 14. Which of the following is not related
(a) Register unit (b) Restraint
4. Which of the following storage to secondary memory? (RRB NTPC
(c) Memory unit (d) CPY
devices uses permanently installed 07.04.2016)
magnetic disks to store data or Answer (c) memory unit
(a) Plotter
information ? ( RRB JE (14.12.2014) 9. Main memory What is the list of
(a) floppy disk procedures stored in the database (b) HDD

(b) hard disk that are ready and waiting to be (c) Magnetic Tape
executed called? (RRB JE CBT-II 29-08-
(c) Permanent disk (d) Magnetic Suspension
2019)
(d) none of these Answer ( a ) Plotter
(a) ReadyQveve (b) Process Queue
Answer (a) Floppy disk 15. Which of the following is an example
(c) Job Queue (d) Execution Queue
5. Which of the following is not a of non-volatile memory? (RRB-JE
Answer (a) Ready Queue 30.08.2019)
property of ROM (Read Only
Memory)? ( RRB NTPC 30.01.2021) 10. Which of the following options is not
(a) All of the options
a secondary storage device? (RRB
(a) It holds system software such as (b) Flash memory
the boot loader. NTPC 18.04.2016)
(a) RAM (b) Magnetic App (c) ROM
(b) Information is not lost even if the
computer is turned off. (c) USB Drives (d) Floppy disk (d) hard drive
(c) It is known as volatile memory. Answer (a) RAM Answer (c) Rom
(d) It stores information 11. A microprocessor has 24 address 16. Which of the following is a volatile
permanently. lines and 32 data lines . If this memory? (RRB NTPC 25.01.2021)
Answer (c) It is known as volatile memory. microprocessor uses an opcode of 10 (a) RAM (b) Prom
bits , then the size of the memory
6. Which of the following is an example (c) Rom (d) EEPROM
buffer register will be? (RRB SSE
of non-volatile memory? ( RRB NTPC
(21.12.2014) Answer (a ) RAM
21.01.2021)

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 198 Railway General Science

 30
Input and Output Devices
LIST OF INPUT DEVICE MOUSE TRACK BALL
• Any data or instruction that is used • The pointing device used in a • Track ball is a popular pointing
computer is called Ans : Input computer Ans : Mouse device for Ans : Portable computers

• The device which allows • Mouse was invented by • Track ball is used instead of a
communication between the user and Ans : Douglas Carl Engelbart Ans : Mouse
computer Ans : Input device • Mouse can be used to control the • Track ball is an example for
KEY BOARD position of the Ans : Cursor on screen Ans : Stationary pointing device
• Primary input device of a computer • The blinking symbol which indicates LIGHT PEN
Ans : Key board the next position of the character is • A pointing device which is similar to
called Ans : Cursor a pen Ans : Light Pen
• Number of keys contains in a
• The unit which is used to represent • Light pen was designed by
standard KeyboardAns : 104 to 108
the speed of a mouse Ans : Mickey Ans : Peter Vogel and Kim Ryrie
keys
• The company that developed mouse • The pointing device which utilizes a
• The longest key in the keyboard
Ans : Xerox PARC light - sensitive detector to select
Ans : Space Bar
• The pointing device used in laptop objects on a display screen
• The keyboard layout was designed by Ans : Light pen
computer Ans : Touch pad
Ans : Christopher.L. Sholes (1872) WEB CAM
• A small figure which depicts some
• The keyboard layout designed by applications on the screen is called • The video camera that can be connected
Christopher Sholes is known as Ans : Icon to a computer Ans : Webcam
Ans : QWERTY SCANNER • The camera attached to computers
and can be used for, video
• Key place at the top left corner of the • The device used to convert the data conferencing or online chatting
key board Ans : Escape Key (ESC) and image on paper into the digital
Ans : Webcam
SPECIAL KEYS IN A KEY BOARD form Ans : Scanner
BARCODE READER
• Modifier keys : Control, Shift, Alt • First digital scanner was invented by
• An input device used for reading
• Toggle Keys : Capslock and Number Ans : SRudolf Hell
printed bar codes available on
lock key • Flatbed Scanner was invented by products to be sold
• Function Keys : FI to F12 Ans : Ray Kurzweil Ans : Barcode Reader
• Navigation Keys: Four Arrow Keys, JOYSTICK • Bar code Reader reflects a barcode
Page up, Page down; Home, End • Joy stick is an example of image by Ans : Emitting a beam of light
• Standard which is used to convert a Ans : Graphical pointing device • Bar code reader identifies a bar code
keystroke to its corresponding bit image and converts it into an
• The device used as an input primarily
• ASCII (It has 256 characters) Ans : Alphanumeric value
for playing video games and
controlling robots etc. • Father of barcode reader
• ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange Ans : Joy stick Ans : Norman Joseph Woodland

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 199 Railway General Science

MICROPHONE EXAMPLES OF IMPACT PRINTERS • _________ is a pointing and drawing
• The input device used to input sound • Daisy Wheel Printer instrument shaped like a pen. It is
to the computer used on touch screen- Stylus ( RRB ALP
• Dotmatrix Printer
(shift-II) 21/01/2021)
Ans : Microphone • Line Printer
• Components of keyboard, monitor
• The device used for various • Drum Printer and cabinet are- Computer
applications like adding sound to a • Chain printer Hardware (RRB NTPC 29.01.2021
multimedia presentation or for (Shift-II))
• Character Printer
mixing music Ans : Microphone
NON IMPACT PRINTERS • In the context of computer system, an
LIST OF OUTPUT UNITS output device is- Plotter ( RRB NTPC
• Printer used to print the characters 01.03.2021 (Shift-1))
• The processed results is given to the
without using ribbon
user through Ans : Output unit • OMR is used in recognition
Ans : NON Impact printers technology , the full form of M is –
• The device which gives the processed
EXAMPLES OF NON IMPACT PRINTERS Mark (RRB NTPC 02.02.2021 (Shif tI))
information Ans : Output device
• Laser Printer • ‘Track ball’ comes under ________
MONITOR
• Inkjet Printer category- Input Device (RRB NTPC
• Monitor is commonly called 01.04.2021 (Shift-II))
• Thermal printer
Ans : Visual Display Unit (VDU) • Full form of DPI in relation to digital
PLOTTER
• Monitor forms images from tiny dots images is – Dots per Inch (RRB NTPC
called Ans : Pixels • Type of printer used for printing 23.02.2021 (Shift-I))
vector graphics Ans : Plotter
• The resolution of the monitor • Microphone________ converts
• Type of printer used to print design - sound energy into electrical energy
depends upon the number of
of ships and machines, plans for (RRB NTPC 21.01.2021 (Shift-II))
Ans : Pixels buildings etc. Ans : Plotter
• That typewriter like device, which is
MOST COMMON TYPES OF MONITORS ARE SPEAKER used to send data or give commands
• CRT (Cathode - Ray Tube) • Speaker is a voice output device in computers, is called ______
• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) INPUT AND OUTPUT – Keyboard . (RRB NTPC 08.04.2021
(Shift-II))
• LED (Light Emitting Diode) • Keyboard -Monitor -Modem
• _______ key is used to use the selected
• Plasma Panel • Joystick -Plotter -FAX command in Windows keyboard. Is -
PRINTER • Scanner -Printer -Touch Screen Enter (RRB NTPC 2016)
• The device used to print documents • Mouse -Speaker -Network Devices • The cursor on the computer monitor
on paper Ans : Printer • Light Pen-Headphone-Headset is moved with the help of- Mouse (RRB
NTPC 2016)
• Printers are output devices that • Track ball-Projector - Sound Card
produce a • DVD is an example of a- Optical Disc
• Digitizer
(RRB NTPC 2017)
Ans : Hard copy of an output • Microphone
• Represents the number of pixels per
• Printed copy of a document is known • Touchpad inch printed on a page.- Resolution
as Ans : Hard copy (RRB NTPC 2016)
• Stylus
• Non printed copy of a document is • Bar code Reader • Gyroscope is used in _________
known as Ans : Soft copy device. , mouse (RRB NTPC 2016)
Previous Year Questions
• Printer resolution is specified in • Light pen is a ________ – input device.
• The smallest distinguishable part of
Ans : Dots Per Inch (DPI) an image is called _________- Pixel (RRB NTPC 2016)
• Printers are of two types: (RRB NTPC 31.07.2021 (Shift-II) RRB • ____________ is a pointing device in
JE 2014) a computer that works by detecting
Ans : Impact printers Non impact
• Line, Daisy Wheel, Laser and Drum two-dimensional motion relative to
printers
are types of_______ of printers (RRB its support surface. – mouse (RRB
IMPACT PRINTERS NTPC 2016)
NTPC 07.04.2021 (Shift-1))
• The class of printers that work by • Computer Monitor is also known • The unit used to measure the speed
banging a head or needle against ink as_______- VDU (RRB NTPC of modern printer is- Pages Per
ribbon to make a mark on the paper 03.02.2021 (Shift-II) RRB NTPC 05/04/ Minute ( PPM) (RRB NTPC 2016 RRB
Ans : Impact printer 2021 (Shift-1)) NTPC 02/02/2021 (Shift-1))

Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 200 Railway General Science

• Punched card is called- Hollerith 6. What is the full form of DPI with regard 14. Which key is used for selecting
Card ( RRB NTPC 2016) to digital images? (RRB NTPC command in windows keyboard?
• If a mistake is made while typing on 23.02.2021) (RRB NTPC 26.04.2016)
the keyboard, the mistake can be (a) Decimal per inch (a) Tab (b) Enter
erased by pressing ________ keys – (b) Digits per inch (c) End (d) Space bar
Back Space (RRB NTPC 2016)
(c) Dots per inch Answer (b) Enter
• _______ device acts as both an input
and output device for the computer. (d) Data per inch 15. Which of the following phone is not
is- modem (RRB SSE 2014) Answer (c) Dots per inch related to touch panel sensing
7. Which of the following is an input patterns? (RRB NTPC 11.04.2016)
• The device used to connect computers
for communication through telephone device which can sense light, and is (a) Finger touch
lines is – Modem (RRB NTPC 2016) used to point at spots on a video (b) Voice recognition
• Hard copy means- Output on printer screen? (RRB JE CBT-11 28-08-2019)
(c) Gloved touch
(RRB JE 2014) (a) Joystick (b) Mouse
(d) Light transmittance
1. Who among the following is (c) Plotter (d) Light pen
Answer (b) Voice recognition
considered as the 'Father of the World Answer (d) Light pen
Wide Web'? (RRB NTPC 05.02.2021) 16. Which of the following is not a type of
8. Which of the following is NOT a touch screen panel in mobile phone?
(a) Robert Cailliau computer hardware? (RRB JE CBT-II 28-
(b) James H. Clark 08-2019) (a) Resistance
(c) Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (a) Software (b) Floppy disk (b) Capacitive
(d) Pes-Yuan Wei (c) CPU (d) Motherboard (c) Sound communication
Answer (c) Su Timothy John Berners Lee Answer (a) Software (d) Light communication
2. Which of the following computer 9. Which of the following output devices Answer (c) Sound communication
devices is NOT an output device? (RRB is used for translating information 17. Which of the following is not an input
NTPC 24.07.2021) from a computer into pictorial form device in computer? (RRB NTPC
(a) Computer screen on paper? (RRB JE CBT-11 28-08-2019) 09.04.2016)
(b) Headphones (a) Plotter (b) Touch panel (a) Keyboard (b) Mouse
(c) Mouse (c) Keyboard (d) Card punch (c) Scanner (d) Monitor
(d) Printer Answer (a) Plotter Answer (d) monitor
Answer (c) Mouse 10. Which of the following cannot do 18. Which of the following options
calculation? (RRB NTPC 19.01.2017) represents the number of pixels per inch
3. Trackball falls into which of the
following categories (RRB NTPC (a) Calculator (b) Computer printed on a page? (RRB NTPC 13.04.2016)
01.04.2021) (c) printer (d) Mobile phone (a) Print margin (c) Filter
(a) Processing devices Answer (c) printer (b) Resolution (d) Colour mode
(b) Input device 11. Which of the following is an input Answer (b) Resolution
(c) Output device device? (RRB NTPC 16.04.2016) 19. What is the full form of OCR in context
(d) Storage device (a) Monitor (b) Printer of Information Technology? (RRB
(c) Floppy disc (d) Joystick NTPC 09.01.2021 , RRB J.E.
Answer (b) input device
14.12.2014)
4. Which of the following is NOT an Answer (d) Joystick
(a) Optical character reader
output device? (RRB NTPC 12. Which of the following is not a storage
02.02.2021, RRB NTPC 26.07.2021) device? (RRB NTPC 26.04.2016) (b) Octahedral cycle re-planning
(a) Monitor (b) Scanner (a) Hard disk (b) CD-ROM (c) Octahedral decimal re-planning
(c) Printer (d) Speaker (c) Flash drive (d) Modem (d) Optical character re-planning
Answer (b) Scanner Answer (d) Modem Answer (a) Optical character reader
5. Which of the following is not used 13. Cursor move on the monitor of 20. Which of the following device work
for storage in Computer Systems? computer with the help of- (RRB NTPC as an input as well as output device?
(RRB NTPC 12.03.2021) 22.04.2016) (RRB SSE 21.12.2014)
(a) Latch (b) Adder (a) Mouse (b) Spacebar (a) Joystick (b) Mouse
(c) Flip-flop (d) Register (c) Keyboard (d) Joystick (c) Modem (d) Printer
Answer (b) Adder Answer (a) mouse Answer (c) Modem
Ramban (ASO PUBLICATION) BY Ashutosh Shukla 201 Railway General Science