UNIT 2

Input and output devices

output devices and their

uses

Aya Elkanzi
Learning From page no 44 to page
no 55
objectives

• For each output device (monitors ,

touch screen , printers and
• , Actuators) Devices, you will learn
about:
• ★ characteristics
• ★ uses
• ★ advantages and disadvantages.
Output devices

•Output devices show the result of computer processing in a human-understandable

format (e.g., monitors, printers). Some are part of control systems, receiving signals from
computers to control processes.
Monitors (Screens)
Types of Monitors:
•Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitors
•LCD (TFT) Screens (TFT means ‘thin film
technology’; a general term for modern thin
screens).
 CRT Monitors:

•Description:
• Least expensive, becoming rare.
• Uses an electron gun and phosphor screen.
• Displays images using red, green, and blue dots.

•Uses:
• Specialist areas like CAD.
• Used with light pens for design creation.

•Disadvantages:
•Advantages: • Heavy and large footprint.
• Wide viewing angles. • Runs hot, potential fire hazard.
• Supports light pens for CAD/CAM applications. • High power consumption.
• Flickering can cause headaches and eyesight
issues.
LED and LCD Screens

LED Screens: LCD Screens:

•Composition: Made of tiny light-emitting •Composition: Made of liquid crystals forming an array of pixels
diodes (LEDs) in red, green, or blue. affected by electric fields.
•Function: Brightness controlled by varying •Backlighting: Requires backlighting to function, typically using LEDs.
electric current, producing a wide range of •Previous Technology: Used cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL)
colors. for backlighting.
•Uses: Ideal for large outdoor displays due to •Advantages of LED Backlighting:
vibrant colors. • Immediate maximum brightness.
•Advances: Introduction of OLED (organic • Whiter light for sharper images and vivid colors.
LED) screens. • Brighter light for better color definition.
•Note: Many “LED” monitors/TVs are actually • Thinner screens.
LCD screens backlit with LEDs. • Longer lifespan and reliability.
• Lower power consumption and heat production
LED and LCD Screens
LED and LCD Screens
Uses of LCD Screens
•Main output device for most modern computers.
•Many offer touch-screen input.
•Used in mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and portable video games.
Advantages of LCD Screens
•Efficient with low power consumption.
•Lightweight.
•No screen image burn-in.
•Available in various sizes.
•No flickering image.
•Sharp image resolution with a wide range of colors.
•Low electromagnetic fields.
Disadvantages of LCD Screens
•Inconsistent color and contrast from different viewing angles.
•Motion blur.
•Lower contrast compared to CRT monitors.
•Potential for weak or stuck pixels.
•Uneven backlight illumination can cause shading issues.
 Touch Screens (as an Output Device)
Functionality:
•Touch screens serve as both input and output devices.
•Example: Selecting food options at a fast food outlet (input) and displaying the next set of options
(output).
Uses:
•Smartphones and Tablets: Interaction with apps.
•ATMs: Display options based on user input.
•Ticket Machines: At theatres, cinemas, and railway stations.
•Information Kiosks: At museums or art galleries.
Disadvantages:
Advantages:
•Limited number of options.
•Faster option entry compared to keyboards or mice.
•Not suitable for large data input/output due to
•Easy and user-friendly.
accuracy and speed issues.
•No training required.
•Screens can get dirty, reducing responsiveness and
•Display size can be expanded if needed.
readability.
•Security risk as interactions can be tracked (e.g.,
entering credit card details).
 Multimedia Projectors
Functionality:
•Receive analogue or digital signals (most modern projectors use digital inputs).
•Signal sources: Computer, television, DVD player.
•Magnify and project images onto a large screen.
•Operate with a remote control, allowing presentations to be directed without being tied to
the computer.
•Accept various video formats.

Uses:
•Training Presentations: Allows the entire audience to see computer images.
•Advertising Presentations: Large images for product features (e.g., new cars) at
exhibitions, malls, etc.
•Home Cinema Systems: Project images from DVDs or television.
Disadvantages:
Advantages: •Images can sometimes be fuzzy.
•Enables large audiences to view presentations. •Expensive to purchase.
•Eliminates the need for multiple networked computers •Can be difficult to set up.
for shared viewing.
•Convenient for showing video clips to a group.
Printers

•This section will consider the use of the three most common types
of printer:
1. laser printer
2. inkjet printer
3. dot matrix printer.
Laser Printers

Functionality:
•Produce high-quality hard copy output.
•Quick print rate for large volumes.
•Use large buffer memories to store data before printing.
Printing Process:
1.Printing drum receives a positive charge.
2.Laser beam removes positive charge in specific areas, creating negatively charged areas
matching the text/images.
3.Drum is coated with positively charged toner, which sticks to the negatively charged
areas.
4.Negatively charged paper rolls over the drum, transferring the toner.
5.Electric charge on the paper is removed to prevent sticking.
6.Paper passes through heated rollers (fuser) to melt and fix the ink.
7.Discharge lamp removes electric charge from the drum, readying it for the next page.
Laser Printers

Uses:
•Ideal for low-noise environments (e.g., offices).
•Suitable for fast, high-quality, high-volume printing.

Advantages:
•Fast printing for large jobs.
•Consistently high quality.
•Long-lasting toner cartridges.
•Cost-effective for non-color outputs.
Disadvantages:
•Only fast for multiple copies.
•Expensive to run for color printing.
•Produce ozone and volatile organic compounds, posing health risks.
Inkjet Printers
Functionality:
•Produce good-quality hard copies.
•Print in small batches due to limited buffer memory.

Components:
•Print Head: Nozzles spray ink droplets onto paper.
•Ink Cartridges: Separate cartridges for each color (blue, yellow, magenta, black) or a
single cartridge with all colors.
•Stepper Motor and Belt: Moves the print head assembly.
•Paper Feed: Automatically feeds pages.
Inkjet Printers
Ink Droplet Technologies:

•Thermal Bubble: Heat creates bubbles that eject ink.

•Piezoelectric: Electric charge causes crystal vibration to eject ink.
Uses:
•Low-output volume printing.
•High-quality single-page or small print jobs (e.g., photo-quality
printouts).
•3D inkjet printers for industrial prototypes.
Advantages:
•High-quality output.
•Cheaper than laser printers.
•Lightweight and compact.
•No ozone or volatile organic compound production.
Disadvantages:
•Slow for multiple copies.
•Not suitable for large print jobs (quick ink depletion).
•Potential for smudging.
•Expensive if used frequently (high cost of original ink cartridges).
Dot Matrix Printers
Functionality:
•Impact printer with a print head made of a matrix of pins pressing against an inked ribbon.
•Slow, noisy, and lower quality output compared to inkjet and laser printers.
•Useful for multi-part stationery (carbon copies) and continuous rolls of paper.
Uses:
•Suitable for noisy or dirty environments (e.g., garage workshops).
•Applications where print quality is less important.
•Producing physical carbon copies (e.g., wage slips).
•Widely used for till receipts.
Advantages:
•Operate well in dusty, dirty, or moist environments.
•Can produce carbon copies or multi-part outputs.
•Very cheap to run and maintain.
•Ideal for continuous stationery (e.g., long print jobs like Disadvantages:
wage slips). •Very noisy, unsuitable for office environments.
•Higher initial cost compared to inkjet printers.
•Slow printing with poor quality.
(Graph) Plotters
Functionality:
•Output device using pens, pencils, or markers to draw continuous lines.
•Produce vector graphic drawings.
•Often used with CAD and CAM.
•Can print on paper sizes from A4 to several meters.
•Some plotters can cut materials by replacing the pen with a cutting blade.
•Being phased out in favor of wide-format inkjet printers.

Uses:
•Producing architectural drawings. Disadvantages:
•Producing engineering drawings. •Very slow printing.
•Drawing animation characters (cartoons). •Expensive initial cost (equipment and software).
Advantages: •Large physical footprint compared to printers.
•Very high-quality output.
•Can produce large, accurate monochrome and color
drawings.
•Can print on various materials (e.g., aluminum,
cardboard, plastic, steel, wood).
 3D Printers Types and Features:
•Size Range: From microwave-sized to small car-sized.
Functionality:
•Additive Manufacturing: Builds objects layer by layer,
•Primarily used in CAD applications.
contrasting with subtractive manufacturing (removing
•Based on inkjet and laser printer technology.
material).
•Produce solid objects by building them layer by
•Direct 3D Printing: Uses inkjet technology; print head
layer using materials like powdered resin,
moves left-right and up-down to build layers.
metal, paper, or ceramic.
•Binder 3D Printing: Uses two passes per layer; first
sprays dry powder, second sprays binder (glue) to form
solid layers.
•New Technologies: Use lasers and UV light to harden
Uses: liquid polymers.
•Prosthetic Limbs: Custom-fit to injured body parts.
•Precision Reconstructive Surgery: Exact scans for facial
reconstruction.
•Aerospace: Lightweight, precision parts for wings and other
components.
•Fashion and Art: Enables new creative designs.
•Vintage Parts: Producing parts for items no longer in
production.
How to create a solid object using 3D printers
3D Printers
Disadvantages of 3D Printers
Advantages of 3D Printers
•Counterfeiting Risk: Potential to produce
•Ease of Manufacturing: Allows users to create
counterfeit items or infringe on copyrights, making
customized products by designing in 3D and printing in
it hard to trace sources of fake items.
solid form.
•Misuse: Technology could be used to create
•Rapid Prototyping: Quick conversion of designs into
dangerous items if in the wrong hands.
working prototypes.
•Job Losses: Potential reduction in manufacturing
•Cost Efficiency: Lower costs compared to traditional
jobs, though it could lower costs for companies.
manufacturing, especially for small-scale and mass
production.
•Medical Benefits: Production of artificial organs,
prosthetics, and precision-made items for reconstructive
surgery.
•Replacement Parts: Manufacture parts for machinery
no longer in production, such as vintage car parts.
 Actuators
Functionality:
•Used to control devices like conveyor belts or valves.
•Mechanical or electromechanical devices (e.g., relay, solenoid, motor).
•Example: Solenoid converts electrical signals into magnetic fields, producing linear
motion.
Solenoid Operation:
•Current applied to solenoid coil creates an electromagnetic field.
•Plunger (magnetized metal bar) inside the coil moves, operating a valve or switch.
•Rotary solenoids use cylindrical coils to produce rotational movement.

Uses:
•Control motors, pumps, switches, buzzers, etc.
•Enable computers to control physical devices requiring
analog inputs.

Advantages: Disadvantages:
•Allow remote operation of devices (e.g., pumps in •Additional device in the system that could
nuclear reactors for safety). malfunction.
•Relatively inexpensive. •Analog devices require DAC (Digital-to-Analog
Converter) for computer control.
Homework
Conduct a report about speaker device , the
report must include the uses , advantages
and disadvantages of speaker device .

The deadline for submission at Sunday

13-10-2024