Scribd
Upload
17 views26 pages

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

alanmox441
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views26 pages

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

alanmox441
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

DATABASE ESSENTIALS

Lecture 1

[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
• A database is a structured collection of data that is
organized and stored in a way that allows efficient
retrieval, management, and manipulation of
information.
INTRODUCTION…
• Life without a database
INTRODUCTION…
• Life without a database

manual file system


INTRODUCTION…
Traditional File-processing system
• Refers to a system whereby computer files were used
to store the data.

• Each unit or department in an organization has its own


set of separate files.

• The data in one file may not relate to the data in any
other file.
INTRODUCTION…
Traditional File-processing system
INTRODUCTION…
Disadvantages of traditional file-processing system
• Data redundancy
✓this leads to higher storage and access cost

• Data inconsistency
✓mismatch of various copies of the same data

• Difficulty in accessing data


✓takes much time to access accurate data
INTRODUCTION…
Disadvantages of traditional file-processing system
• Data isolation
✓data are scattered in different files. Files may also be in
different formats
INTRODUCTION…
Disadvantages of traditional file-processing system
• Atomicity problems
✓Atomicity is DB transaction property where all the actions
within the transaction are executed as a single, indivisible
unit of work.
✓It ensures that the transaction is either fully completed or
fully rolled back to the state it was in before the
transaction began.
INTRODUCTION…
Disadvantages of traditional file-processing system
• Atomicity
INTRODUCTION…
• The purpose of database systems is to eliminate the
disadvantages of file-processing system
INTRODUCTION…
• A database management system (DBMS) is a
program(s) used to create, process, store, retrieve,
control and manage the data.

• DBMS acts as an interface between the user and the


data stored in the database.
INTRODUCTION
• A database and a DBMS
DATA VS INFORMATION
• Data
• raw facts from which the required information is
produced.

• Information
• refined or processed data.
• consists of images, text, documents and voice in a
meaningful content.
DATA VS INFORMATION…
Attributes of information.
• Accuracy
• Timeliness
• Relevancy
DATA VS INFORMATION…
Attributes of information.
• Accuracy
✓information is free from errors, and it clearly and
accurately reflects the meaning of data on which it is
based.

✓free from bias and conveys an accurate picture to


the recipient.
DATA VS INFORMATION…
Attributes of information.
• Timeliness
✓the recipients receive the information when they need it
and within the required time frame.

• Relevancy
✓usefulness of the piece of information for the
corresponding persons.
DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
• The earliest database systems dates back to 1960s.

• Both the old and new database systems have a


common factor, which is data.

• Data is the central aspect of every database system.

• Most corporations are valuable because of the


information they own.
DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS…
• Database systems are used to manage collections of
data that:
• are highly valuable
• are relatively large
• are accessed by multiple users and applications, often at
the same time
DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS…
• Early databases were maintained as back-office
systems with which users interacted via printed reports
and paper forms for input.

• End users interact with current databases via user


interfaces.
✓ This has enabled both the client and the enterprise to
interact much more easier.

✓Example: ATMs
DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS…
Modes in which databases can be used.
• support online transaction processing

• support data analytics


DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS…
Supporting online transaction processing
• In this mode, users retrieve relatively small amounts of
data and performing small updates.

• This is the primary mode of use for the vast majority of


users.
DATABASE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS…
Supporting data analytics
• In this mode, a database is used in processing of data
to draw conclusions.

• The obtained conclusions can be used to make business


decisions.
DBMS USERS
• End users
✓Deal with the database at the terminal end

• Application programmers
✓Develop the applications in different languages to
interact with database

• System Analysts
✓Responsible for overall technical, economical and
feasibility aspects of the DBMS.
DBMS USERS
• Database administrator
✓Takes care of DBMS policies and strategies.

• Sophisticated Users
✓SQL programmers, who deal directly with the
database.
✓They write queries to delete/select/insert and update
the database.
The best way to predict your
future is to create it –
Abraham Lincoln

You might also like