Name Anit

# Assignment-2
Chamdola, Rell No 2110904s
Modicationi in opev ating Con di tonsfor vecleton
ave:

.Low-exces8
Ot- stoi chionm etic com bUtio (staged Com busien)
.ue 9a6
" Redwced oi
ve crcu latie
pvehe at
" Redwced iving vatei
" Watey
injectie
Kow-ex
"The low
cesi
ce&8 diviy:
buvneva twt tormation
Gormation of troem
oi des 6y controlliny the asing of cuel amd ar,
ineffec
Gu
Combustien.
to mati lw- ex cesS
s taged
They educe
Ott- Stoi cheme tric COmbutien:
Cemb ustien Can be acCompished
b÷
eme buvnevs tuel -vich and vet del- leam, y tkig
takny
eme sevi ce all owig th e
bovncs et

by fiiny all he
to a dit
6urners tuel-vich in
air to
*fuvnacembu
ce, tion Beme amd odmitting
the verainng aY Over the the amnt goe
" 30 - 507. yedu tins aye a chieved.

Aue - Gas Recrcu lation:

verou Some
bac
uvnace.
Tt acto Ye cuce dor matien by vedu
feo k ames tzm pevatuved .
"In con ven tienal oppli cattons, the redvcu lated
ex tra ctec em boiley Gutlet
duct Upst eam he atey.
 ydogen a 6e ttevduel Souyce
d) It do esnot enpevien ce Problem asso dated wit
So ch
vepov lock, inade a,u ate
6) No CO, UHC, SOx, COa
c) Impvove d engine etdiieng
d) rgdv ogem is a ot -2s3° C. therefove
pyob lem in ergne in wtn ter,

Productien ydrgen
by elehoys
" Hy dogn cam be produced dom wa
water

2n20 2
. Thermal Cvockig wate
2H20 (thevmal Cvacki) 2H2 t O2
" Reo ctien n atuval gas wi t h Steann at h
t h pe y ature.
Cx Hy+242 heot 2 H
.Solid wocte + AvCo + Hz

Method me asuw CO wth gvom

Ampier
Sedov

Recovder
De tecto
optical Rofe yen ce
Flter Cell
SoUY ce
tion chava cte r/s trca
absoyp
"It ey imdraved vegion .
particu lar
irs trunent, Tngavel dete cto
In simp le
ND IR
tube amd Ga lls
2
i den tical
thvo ugh
(hovingda ph rayn).
 A the choppey bloc ka ond Unblocks va diat on
the vad'ant enevgg com Souva passes thvo ug
vefevena cell unchamgeol cwbe
wheveot Sample absov ba
the inoave d ene at wave lergth com pound im
cell. The absov ption Pro pov tiomal com cen tratGu
of compound to bebe meosuved in anple call.
" Thus uneqpol Ove tamb ittec
to the 2 volume& o de te ctov ( pressuve didfeventral
So 9enevate d caw se o
ovemen t of d'a phvg
do
dete ctor. Ths chamges Capac bom ce 8/es the dophvam
amd afxed pro be, theve by gen erat A-C mal
which is Gmmpliie d amd ater ve cfi'cafio D.C.
i displaed me ter,

Technolo gr do PM emis&ná ave

i) Ele chr os tatte Preipi tators
" Use elechical chavges to vemo ve PM
Sbre cm S. trenga
.Eecve orov ve mouing ne pavte les,
les, 6ut
bot Sensitive to
vaviatená
Composib'e,
i) gclene Se pavato vs
Cen ti dugod ovces to Sefavate PM dem
Cost- efdective
cemd do
Low ma'n ter an ce
fartic le s but lesS eicent do dine large
pavtie les.
j) Scru bbers
to opbve fM, pav ti olarl
ective dor with Jolu ble pollutamts.
am hmd le both Pay ticlate Gnd gaseouA pollutont
but ve 9uive water beat ment and om podu ce
Se con davy woste.
Jabvic lter Collecto (6aghouse)
It forg dos through a

pa ss eA
medium, The Aas laden
the h bvic 6o g8, wheve
with
pav ticlea are though
Cop bu red
Sugoca. Over bme, dust layer brmi a
" lter caKe,' wh helps i baprig nev pav tcle s.
fevio dical, the /tev ca ke is vemove vsy
the cle aig etho ds to main tan eie-g.
Mevito
.High eeiieng
Temperatuve ondl Corvosen reso tam o
Low oer atina! Cat
Demerita
mointeran ce
" pa ce an
amdl ns tal latien
Sersi tivit to izh hu ictty
SmoKe ofauy meter
It device UJecd to meàSUre
mokinesd
engnes in indus ties fvehc ls. Opac
favticolaly
a measuye
how much (igkt is blocKed o
a bsovbed ty Smoke par ticle a exhaust gas.
Ob s cuyat en method mo Ke

Opauy Qmd de be ctor

method SouY ce

n fposi e sides exhaut ga3 bample.

deves how it wovkd:
SOU Vce: A be am e Ihght cve te cl thvough
echaut ga6 stve am.
ii) De te ctoy; fost tiened oppo si te stele
STde
the de te ctor in tensi Iigkt that has
 pass ecl thvough the go4.
ii Mea Su vement: Pay ticles in he euhaut 9as Sscadte
Gn d a bs ov 6 light, veclating in tensi thot veache
de te ctor. The amount o vedwction f6 USed to
Calcul ate

FID de te cto
Home iow asion de te cto CEID) idjnç tvument
that measuYed cen Cen tratin
a g0s Strecm. It Usedin g98 hr omato

Puinople
It based de te ction ormed
duving Com bostion o t o jamic mpourdá
hy
hg drgn Hamme. The generaton o ie prafovtiemal
to
ot or gamc Speces in Sam ple
Stream.
Cong tuctien
volume chomber in to whch
chvoma to gvophá Captllavy colu mn &dive ty plum bed.
The Aose ous eluent dom Column ave
Se pavaely plom beo bydvon ano
ave borned (n jets
" Ater el l Ha) amd oxi dont (O2) ave begum, the me
15 t an elecoiC

The chayd
process Cveate
ticles
Curvent
Cvected in that Comwsi'en
bet ween the de tector

"ne electrode actually tallc jet itse l fo amoter

close by and above the jet. The
leave the detetor
gaseow pvodu cs
hom ber Via ehaust,
 Exhait

Air Flow In Tjeto

n2 Fouw In

Column
Oven
FID detector

8 Methods to Collect aevosols

i) Eltatien; Aiv passed thyough dlte which
tvopi Pavttelea within ¡to bevs.
" It is
a wice
uiole vange
Sizea, velavely inex pensive.

ttvs, mem brGmelters

6y ame
cemmenl
i) Ele ctostatic fredpitation: Aevosols ane ionig ed
amd then papassed
ssed thvoyh an elechic del d, whih
Causes them to be attra ste d a
chavgd Colltio
Supee.
" Hgh Collecten es feoaly favtic les.

im pingement: Aevosols are

dvawn throgh
lig, uidmec'um, where pavtcleá
Iig, uid.
ave
(olleec in
Can coll et 6iolo gcal favtles /:ke
bateria dor