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Module 10

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27 views5 pages

Module 10

Uploaded by

24-07156
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

PROGRAMMING

MODULE 10
ARRAY IN C++ LANGUAGE

An array is a collection of similar data type value in a single variable. It is a derived data type
in C++, which is constructed from fundamental data type of C++ language.

Advantage of array
 Code Optimization: Less code is required; one variable can store numbers of value.
 Easy to traverse data: By using array easily retrieve the data of array.
 Easy to sort data: Easily short the data using swapping technique
 Random Access: With the help of array index you can randomly access any elements
from array.

Dis-Advantage of array
Fixed Size: Whatever size, we define at the time of declaration of array, we cannot change
their size, if you need more memory in that time you cannot increase memory size, and if
you need less memory in that case also wastage of memory.

DECLARING ARRAY
To declare an array in C++ required type of array elements and size of array.
Syntax

Datatype arrayName[SIZE];

INITIALIZING ARRAY
Initializing is a process to initialize the value in array variable. This is happen in two ways,
initialize array one by one or all elements are initializing once.
Initialization of array one by one

int arr[5];

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arr[0]=10;
arr[1]=20;
arr[2]=30;
arr[3]=40;
arr[4]=50;

Initialization of array at once

int arr[]={10,20,30,40,50};

Accessing Array Elements


We can access array elements with the help of index value of element.
Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int i, marks[]={80, 62, 70, 90, 98}; //declaration and initialization of array

//traversal of array
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
cout<<endl<<marks[i];
}
return 0;
}

Example

80
62
70
90
98

2-DIMENTIONAL ARRAY
 In 2-dimentional elements are arranged in row and column format.

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 When we are working with 2-dimentional array we require to refer 2-subscript operator
which indicates row and column sizes.
 The main memory of 2-dimentional array is rows and sub-memory is columns.
 On 2-dimentional array, when we are referring to one-subscript operator then it gives
row address, 2-subscript operator will gives element.
 On 2-dimentional array arrayName always gives main memory that is 1st row base
address, arrayName will gives next row base address.
Syntax

Datatype ArrayName[SIZE][SIZE];

Important points related to array


Size of the array must be an unsigned integer value which is greater than '0' only. In
declaration of the array, size must be required to mention, if size is not mention then
compiler will give an error.
Example

int arr[]; //error

In declaration of the array, size must be assigned type which value is greater than 0. In
initialization of the array, if specific numbers of values are not initialized, then rest of all
elements will be initialized with '0'.
Example

int arr[5]={10,20}; // yes valid


arr[0]=10;
arr[1]=20;
arr[2], arr[3], arr[4]; // initialized with zero

In initialization of the array, mentioning the size is optional, in this case, if many elements
are initialized, then many variables are created.
Example of Array in C++

int arr[]={10,20,30,40,50}; // valid

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Other Important points for Array
 In implementation, when we required 'n' number of variables of same data type then go
for an array.
 When we are working with arrays, memory will be created in continues memory location,
so randomly we can access the data.
 In arrays, all elements will share same name with unique identification value called index.
 Array index will start with '0' and end with 'size-1'.
 When we are working with array, compile time memory management will occur, that is
static memory allocation.

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