Module 3
Module 3
Module 3
Principle of operation
Switched Reluctance Motor
Stator
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Rotor A typical 8/6, four-phase switched reluctance motor.
Notice that when rotor poles 3 and 6 are aligned with
stator poles B and B’, all other rotor poles are out of
alignment with the stator poles.
SRM- working
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• Torque ripple is also a common issue with switched reluctance motors.
While both switched reluctant and stepper motors exhibit torque
ripple, this effect is minimized in stepper motors with a higher
number of phases (5 phases versus 2, for example).
• In a switched reluctance motor, torque ripple can be reduced by using
a higher number of poles in both the rotor and the stator, but this
decreases the motor’s average torque output, requiring a tradeoff
between torque production and acceptable torque ripple.
S R M wo r ks o n t h e p r i n c i p l e o f va r i a b l e
Principle of operation reluctance that means, the rotor of this motor
constantly tries to align through the lowest
reluctance lane.
Switched Reluctance Motor
The formation of the rotary magnetic field can
be done using the circuit of power electronics
Stator switching.
In this, the magnetic circuit’s reluctance can
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Reluctance of the magnetic circuit is depending upon the air gap.
Hence, by changing the air gap between the rotor and stator, we can
change the reluctance of the motor.
SRM �� = stator slot angle in degrees
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SRM
0 < � < �� the inductance rises from
���� to ����
2�
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�� < � < the inductance starts decreasing and reaches ���� at � =
�� ��
2� 2�
<�< the inductance remains constant ����
�� ��
Constraints on Pole Arc and Tooth Arc
The stator phase should be
switched on while inductance is
minimum
�� < � �
2�
�� < − ��
��
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�� + �� <
2�
��
To avoid –ve torque, there should be a dwell period
during maximum inductance
�� > ��
Stator slot angle should be less Step angle should be less than period when slope of L-θ
than stator slot pitch curve is positive Or Period when slope of L-θ curve is
2� positive should be more than Step angle
�� < 2� 2�
�� �� > −
�� ��
Torque
The induced emf per phase is
� � �� ��
�= �� = � � + �
�� �� �� ��
�� ��
� = � + ��
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L=incremental inductance. (slope of the magnetization curve)
Power received from supply is
�� 2
��
�� = �� = �� + ��
�� ��
Energy stored in the magnetic field
�� = ��
1 2 Torque
2
Power due to variation of magnetic field is
� 1 � 2 1 �� 2
�� �� 1 2 ��
�� = � � = �� = �. 2. �. + � = �� + ��
�� 2 �� 2 �� �� �� 2 ��
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Hysterisis type current regulator
Current regulator
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Home work
Back emf method of sensorless control
Fuzzy flux estimator
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•
reduced.
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Under fault- SCC and OCV are small
• High starting torque
• High speed applications Torque Ripple
• Both generator and motor modes Acoustic noise
• Self starting Current harmonics
• No shoot through fault in power circuits Need of position feedback
• A four phase eight pole SRM has six rotor teeth. Find the step angle
and commutation frequency for 6000 rpm
�� −��
• �� =
�� ��
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8−6
48
∗ 360
= 15°
360
• �� =
���
Commutation frequency � = �� ∗ ����� �� ���
= 600 ��
A three phase SRM has six stator poles and 4 rotor teeth. Draw the
feasible region for stator and rotor pole arcs. Design the pole arc and
rotor tooth arc. Sketch the L-θ profile.
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• �� = 60 − 33 = 27°
SyRM
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Synchronous Reluctance Motor
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Working
When supply is given to the stator winding, the revolving magnetic field
will exert reluctance torque on the unsymmetrical rotor tending to
align the salient pole axis of the rotor with the axis of the revolving
magnetic field, because in this position, the reluctance of the magnetic
path would be minimum.
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If the reluctance torque is sufficient to start the motor and its load, the
rotor will pull into step with the revolving field and continue to run at
the speed of the revolving field.
Actually the motor starts as an induction motor and after it has
reached its maximum speed as an induction motor, the reluctance
torque pulls its rotor into step with the revolving field, motor now runs
as synchronous motor by virtue of its saliency.
Phasor diagram
�� ��� �� ���
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V
��
I
φ
Phasor diagram
• Neglect armature resistance
�� ���
�� ���
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V
��
I
φ
Torque equation
V= Terminal voltage/phase
I = Armature current
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��� = Direct axis synchronous reactance per phase
��� = Quadrature axis synchronous reactance per phase
�� = Direct axis current
�� = Quadrature current axis current
Torque equation
Power developed by the motor
� = ������
����� = �� ���
�����
�� =
���
Torque
����� = �� ���� − �� ���� equation
����� ����� � 1 1
= ���� − ���� = ���2� −
��� ��� 2 ��� ���
�2 ��� − ���
� = ������ = ���2�
2 ��� . ���
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Three phase power
�=3
�2 ��� − ���
���2�
2 ��� . ���
Torque developed
3 �2 ��� − ���
�= ���2�
�� 2 ��� . ���
Torque developed
3 �2 ��� −���
�= ���2�
�� 2 ��� .���
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Control of SyRM
3 � �2 ��� −���
•�= ���2�
�� 2 2 ��� .���
� 2 ��� −���
•�= 3 �
2
• ���� =
��
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2 ��� .���
���2�
��
• ���� =
�
Control of SyRM
�� ��
• ���2� = 2�������� = 2
�2
�2 ��� −��� �� ��
•�= 3 � 2
2 2��� .��� �2
• �� = ��� ��
• �� = ��� ��
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� �
•�=3 ��� − ��� �� �� = 3 �� �� − �� ��
2 2
Constant
direct
axis
current
control TRACE KTU
Advantages of SyRM
vIt has less torque ripple
vThe construction of rotors in this motor can be done by using low cost and
high strength materials.
vThe operation of this motor can be done using standard PWM AC inverters
vThis motor can survive in extremely high temperatures.
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vThe construction of this motor is rugged as well as simple
vThis motor has a high-speed capacity
vIn this motor, there is no necessary field excitation at zero torque so the
losses of electromagnetic spinning are removed.
vThere is no worry through demagnetization; therefore these motors are more
reliable as compared to permanent magnet motors.
vBecause of this motor’s simplicity, it can be used within the multi-motor drive
Disadvantages of SyRM
• These motors are expensive as compared to induction Motor.
• It requires synchronization of speed toward the o/p frequency of an inverter
through rotor position sensor as well as sensorless control.
• This motor as less power factor as well as it is heavier as compared to
induction motor
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• It works by using a variable frequency drive.
Applications of SyRM
• It is applicable in low-power applications like fiber spinning mills due to low
cost, construction is robust, inherent simplicity, etc.
3 �2
• = � ��� − ��� �� ��
2 �2
3
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• = � ��� − ��� �� ��
2
�2
�� 2 +�� 2
3 �2
• = � ��� − ��� �� ��
2 ��� 2 �� 2 +��� 2 �� 2
3 �2
• = � ��� − ��� �� �� 2
2 2 2 2 ��
For Maximum torque take derivative of torque with respect to ����
and equate to zero
��� ��
���� = =
��� ��
��� �� = ��� ��
�� = ��
��
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For optimum torque � =
�
��
= ���� = 1
4
Fast Torque Response control
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Rotor Flux oriented DTC of SynRM
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• https://www.motioncontroltips.com
• A Review of Synchronous Reluctance Motor-Drive Advancements
MDPI -Hamidreza Heidari et al.