KEY TERMINOLOGIES IN A RESEARCH STUDY:

(PLEASE STUDY AND FAMILIARIZE ALL OF THEM ! ! ! )

Chapter 1 introduction

 Introduction - serves the purpose of leading the reader from a general subject area to a
particular field of research. It establishes the context of the research being conducted by
summarizing current understanding and background information about the topic.

 Background of the study - The background of your study will provide context to the
information discussed throughout the research paper. Background information may
include both important and relevant studies. In addition, the background of the study will
discuss your problem statement, rationale, and research questions.

 Statement of the problem - A statement of the problem or so called-as specific

questions in research study it is used in research work as a claim that outlines the
problem addressed by a study. The statement of the problem briefly addresses the
question: What is the problem that the research will address?

 Scope and delimitations - Scope and delimitations are two elements of a research paper
or thesis. The scope of a study explains the extent to which the research area will be
explored in the work and specifies the parameters within which the study will be
operating. For example, let's say a researcher wants to study the impact of mobile phones
on behavior patterns of elementary school children. However, it is not possible for the
researcher to cover every aspect of the topic. Delimitations are the characteristics that
limit the scope and describe the boundaries of the study, such as the sample
size, geographical location or setting in which the study takes place, population traits, etc.
Additionally, the researcher might also choose to use some research tools and
methodologies to collect data but not others.

 Significance of the study - The significance or the importance of a study must be stated
in the Introduction section of your research paper. While stating the significance, you
must highlight how your research will be beneficial to the development of science and the
society in general.
 Theoretical framework - The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or
support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes
the theory which explains why the research problem under study exists.
 Conceptual framework- A conceptual framework illustrates what you expect to find
through your research. It defines the relevant variables for your study and maps out how
they might relate to each other. You should construct a conceptual framework before you
begin collecting data. It is often represented in a visual format.

Chapter 2: RRL and RRS

 Review of related literature-A review of related literature (RRL) is a detailed review of

existing literature related to the topic of a thesis or dissertation. In an RRL, you talk about
knowledge and findings from existing literature relevant to your topic.

 Review of related studies- A review of related studies (RRS) is a detailed review of

existing Studies related to the topic of a thesis or dissertation Its a personal learning
environment that can be either a physical or virtual support tool - like a research or
process journal You use it to record reflections on what you are reading, writing and
thinking..

 Definition of terms- Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work looks like an mini
dictionary in a Research paper .(book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the
beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is
an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or
important terms in the study are clearly defined.

 References - References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and
retrieve each work cited in the text.

Chapter 3: Reseach Design and Methodology

 Research design- The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to
integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby,
ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for
the collection, measurement, and analysis of data.
 Research Methods -Research methods are the processes or techniques utilized in the
collection of data or evidence for analysis in order to uncover new information or create
better understanding of a topic.
 Respondents of the study- Respondents are those persons who have been invited to
participate in a particular study and have actually taken part in the study. Respondents are
derived from the sample that is constructed for a qualitative study.

 Sources of data- Sources of Data can be classified into 2 types. Statistical sources refer
to data that are gathered for some official purposes and incorporate censuses and
officially administered surveys. Non-statistical sources refer to the collection of data for
other administrative purposes or for the private sector.

 Data gathering procedure- or Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring
information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one
to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

 Research instrument- A research instrument is a tool used to obtain, measure, and

analyze data from subjects around the research topic. You need to decide
the instrument to use based on the type of study you are conducting: quantitative,
qualitative, or mixed-method

Chapter 4:Tables ,Graphs , presentation, interpretation, and analysis of data

 Tables of questions and results - The results section of the research paper is where you
report the findings of your study based upon the information gathered as a result of
the methodology [or ... figures and tables, if appropriate, to present results more
effectively. Avoid providing data that is not critical to answering the research question.

 Tables are used to organize data that is too detailed or complicated to be described
adequately in the text, allowing the reader to quickly see the results.

 Graphs are a common method to visually illustrate relationships in the data.

 Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical

techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data.

Chapter V: summary, findings, conclusions, and recommendations

 Bibliography - A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether
referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general,
a bibliography should include: the authors' names. the titles of the works. the names and
locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources.
 Appendices-An appendix contains supplementary material that is not an essential part of
the text itself but which may be helpful in providing a more comprehensive
understanding of the research problem and/or is information which is too cumbersome to
be included in the body of the paper.
 Appendix a: approved letter to the principal- letter to principal to approve the given
topic of the researchers.
 Appendix b:letter to respondents – letter to the respondents that the information they
give have their permission to used in the said research.
 Appendix c: survey questionnaire - the paper consist of questions regarding to the
research.
 Appendix d: curriculum vitae/resume of the researchers – resume of the researchers
that conduct the study.
 Appendix e: documentation- documentation is the evidence provided for information
and ideas borrowed from others. That evidence includes both primary sources and
secondary sources.

 SUMMARY-A summary is that simply a brief overview of the main points of a research
paper and study itself.

 CONCLUSION- It is the Synthesis of your study. The conclusion is intended to help the
reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished
reading the paper.

 RECOMMENDATIONS-A recommendation is a suggestion or proposal for something

that should be done, as derived from the findings.

 FINDINGS - The Results (also sometimes called Findings) section in an empirical

research paper describes what the researcher(s) found when they analyzed their data.

Prepared by:
RICKY T. RETURAN,LPT. MAT.
Research Teacher