CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem definition:

The problem definition in “online shopping system” could focus on the challenges faced by
consumers and businesses in the traditional shopping model, the limitations of existing online
shopping platforms, or the need for an improved digital shopping experience.

In the ever-evolving landscape of commerce, consumers encounter challenges associated with

traditional shopping methods, such as limited access, time constraints, and geographical barriers.
Despite the proliferation of online shopping platforms, existing systems often lack a seamless
and user-friendly interface, leading to suboptimal user experiences, security concerns, and
inefficiencies in transaction processes. Moreover, businesses grapple with the need for
comprehensive and scalable online platforms that provide secure interactions, streamlined order
management, and an intuitive interface to ensure customer retention and satisfaction.

The need of the hour is a robust and intuitive online shopping system that bridges the gap
between consumer expectations and the existing digital commerce landscape. There is a demand
for a platform that offers a comprehensive product catalog, secure transactions, efficient order
processing, and a user-centric interface accessible across various devices and browsers.
Addressing these challenges requires the development of an innovative and secure online
shopping solution that prioritizes user experience, security, and efficiency.

1.2 Project Overview/ Specifications:

Our major project revolves around the creation of an Online Shopping Website developed using
Java, HTML, CSS, and JSP pages within the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
(IDE). This project's core objective is to amalgamate Java's robust backend capabilities with the
interactive frontend dynamics of HTML, CSS, and JSP pages, all constructed within the Eclipse
IDE.

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Java forms the crux of the backend, orchestrating essential functionalities like secure user
authentication, efficient database management, transaction handling, and intricate business logic.
Its object-oriented nature provides a reliable and scalable framework for the entire e-commerce
platform.

The user interface is structured through HTML and CSS, offering a visually appealing layout,
while JSP pages within Eclipse add a dynamic layer by integrating Java code with HTML. This
amalgamation ensures a responsive and engaging user experience, allowing seamless interaction
within the online shopping platform.

By utilizing the Eclipse IDE, the project benefits from a feature-rich development environment,
aiding in coding, debugging, and deployment. Eclipse's adaptability with various server
environments allows for effective testing and deployment of the online shopping platform.

The ultimate aim of this project is to deliver a realistic online shopping experience,
encompassing features such as user accounts, product exploration, cart management, and secure
transactions. Through the integration of Java, HTML, CSS, and JSP pages within Eclipse, the
project exemplifies the fusion of diverse technologies to construct a dynamic, secure, and user-
centric ecommerce website

Specifications:

1.2.1. Frontend Development:

- Utilize HTML and CSS to design an engaging and responsive user interface.

- Implement JavaServer Pages (JSP) to enable dynamic content presentation and enhance user
interactivity.

1.2.2. Backend Operations:

- Java will power the backend operations, managing critical tasks such as user authentication,
product catalog management, cart handling, and database interactions

- Ensure seamless integration between frontend and backend functionalities for a cohesive user
experience.

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1.2.3. Database Management:

- Employ MySQL database to store and manage user data, product information, transactions,
and order processing.

- Implement robust data storage and retrieval mechanisms ensuring data integrity and efficient
access. (version of My SQL .5.5)

1.2.4. Key Functionalities:

- User Authentication: Implement secure login and registration processes for users.

- Product Catalog: Display an organized and comprehensive list of products with search and
filtering options.

- Shopping Cart: Enable users to add, remove, and manage selected items in their cart.

-Secure Transactions: Integrate secure payment gateways to facilitate safe and reliable
transactions.

- Order Processing: Streamline order management, ensuring timely processing and completion.

1.2.5. User Experience (UX) Focus:

- Prioritize a seamless and intuitive user interface to enhance user engagement.

- Ensure cross-device compatibility and responsiveness for an optimal user experience.

1.2.6. Security Measures:

- Implement robust encryption protocols and secure data storage mechanisms to protect user
information.

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 - Employ stringent authentication processes to prevent unauthorized access.

1.2.7. Deployment Environment:

- Utilize Tomcat live server for dynamic and real-time deployment, ensuring an interactive
and live environment for users.

1.3 Hardware Specification:

1.3.1. Processor (CPU):

- For development purposes and smaller-scale deployments, a modern multi-core processor

(e.g., Intel Core i5 or equivalent) should suffice.

- For larger-scale deployments expecting higher traffic, a more powerful multi-core processor
(e.g., Intel Xeon) might be necessary to handle concurrent user requests efficiently.

1.3.2. Memory (RAM):

- Development environments can typically function well with 8GB of RAM.

- For larger deployments or when handling significant traffic, consider 16GB or more to ensure
smooth performance, especially with database interactions and concurrent user sessions.

1.3.3. Storage (HDD/SSD):

- Adequate storage is necessary to manage the operating system, development tools, project
files, and database storage.

- A minimum of 256GB SSD or 500GB HDD is suitable for development purposes.

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 - For production environments, consider scalable storage options based on the anticipated data
volume and growth.

1.3. 4. Network Interface:

- A stable internet connection is essential for accessing external resources, deploying the
application, and managing database interactions.

- For production deployments, consider a reliable and high-speed internet connection to handle
incoming user traffic effectively.

1.3.5. Graphics and Display:

- A standard graphics card and display are sufficient for development purposes.

- For server environments, remote access tools or headless operation may be used without a
need for a dedicated display.

1.3.6. Operating System:

- The project can be developed and deployed on various operating systems including Windows,
macOS, or Linux distributions supported by the Eclipse IDE and Tomcat server.

1.4 Software Specification:

1.4.1. Integrated Development Environment (IDE):

- Eclipse IDE: Eclipse offers comprehensive support for Java development and JSP page
integration. Ensure the IDE is installed with the necessary plugins for web development.

1.4. 2. Programming Languages and Tools:

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- Java Development Kit (JDK): Required for Java development.

- HTML Editor: Consider using editors like Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, or Eclipse itself
for HTML coding.

- CSS Editor :A tool or plugin for CSS development, such as Atom or Brackets.

- Database Management System: MySQL, or other relational databases to store and manage
website data.

1.4.3. WebServer:

- Apache Tomcat: Essential for running JSP and Java-based web applications.

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 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) applications support the interaction between different

parties participating in a commerce transaction via the network, as well as the management of the
data involved in the process.

The increasing importance of e-commerce is apparent in the study conducted by researchers at

the GVU (Graphics, Visualization, and Usability) Centre at Arni University. In their summary of
the findings from the eighth survey, the researchers report that "e-commerce is taking off both in
terms of the number of users shopping as well as the total amount people are spending via
Internet based transactions". Over three quarters of the 10,000 respondents report having
purchased items online. The most cited reason for using the web for personal shopping was
convenience (65%). followed by availability of vendor information (60%), no pressure from
sales person (55%) and saving time (53%).

Although the issue of security remains the primary reason why more people do not purchase
items online, the GVA survey also indicates that faith in the security of ecommerce is increasing.
As more people gain confidence in current encryption technologies, more and more users can be
expected to frequently purchase items online.

A good e-commerce site should present the following factors to the customers for better
usability:

-Knowing when an item was saved or not saved in the shopping cart.

-Returning to different parts of the site after adding an item to the shopping cart.

-Easy scanning and selecting items in a list.

-Effective categorical organization of products.

-Simple navigation from home page to information and order links for specific products.

-Obvious shopping links or buttons.

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-Minimal and effective security notifications or messages.

-Consistent layout of product information.

Another important factor in the design of an e-commerce site is feedback. The interactive cycle
between a user and a web site is not complete until the web site responds to a command entered
by the user. According to Norman, "feedback--sending back to the user information about what
action has actually been done, what result has been accomplished--is a well-known concept in
the science of control and information theory. Imagine trying to talk to someone when you
cannot even hear your own voice, or trying to draw a picture with a pencil that leaves no mark:
there would be no feedback".

Web site feedback often consists of a change in the visual or verbal information presented to the
user. Simple examples include highlighting a selection made by the user or filling a field on a
form based on a user's selection from a pull-down list. Another example is using the sound of a
cash register to confirm that a product has been added to an electronic shopping cart. Completed
orders should be acknowledged quickly. This may be done with anacknowledgment or fulfilment
page. The amount of time it takes to generate and download this page, however, is a source of
irritation for many e-commerce users. Users are quick to attribute meaning to events. A blank
page, or what a user perceives to be "a long time" to receive an acknowledgment, may be
interpreted as "there must be something wrong with the order." If generating an acknowledgment
may take longer than what may be reasonably expected by the user, then the design should
include intermediate feedback to the user indicating the progress being made toward
acknowledgment or fulfilment.

Finally, feedback should not distract the user. Actions and reactions made by the web site should
be meaningful. Feedback should not draw the user's attention away from the important tasks of
gathering information, selecting products, and placing orders.

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2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM: The existing system in the context of an online shopping
website refers to any pre-existing platforms, frameworks, or systems currently in place within the
domain of online shopping or e-commerce.

Current E-commerce Platforms:

- Identify popular e-commerce platforms like Amazon, eBay, Shopify, or others that serve as
benchmarks in the industry.

- Analyze their features, functionalities, user interfaces, and business models.

Technological Stack:

- Explore the technology stack used in existing systems, such as programming languages,
databases, frameworks, and servers.

- Assess how they integrate and function together to deliver a seamless shopping experience.

User Experience and Interface:

- Study the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) elements in established online
shopping platforms.

- Evaluate navigation, layout, product presentation, search functionalities, and checkout

processes.

Features and Functionalities:

- List and analyze key features offered by existing platforms, including product categorization,
search algorithms, recommendation systems, reviews, payment methods, and order tracking.

Security Measures:

- Investigate the security measures implemented in these systems, such as data encryption,
secure payment gateways, user authentication, and protection against cyber threats.

Scalability and Performance:

- Examine how existing systems handle scalability challenges and manage high volumes of
traffic during peak periods.

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 - Assess performance metrics like loading times, server response, and overall system
robustness.

Business Models and Marketing Strategies:

- Understand the business models adopted by successful platforms, including revenue models,
promotional strategies, loyalty programs, and customer engagement techniques.

Regulatory Compliance and User Privacy:

- Explore how existing systems comply with data protection laws (GDPR, CCPA) and address
user privacy concerns.

- Study their policies on data handling, user consent, and transparency.

Customer Service and Support:

- Analyze customer support mechanisms like chatbots, help centers, or customer service
responsiveness in existing platforms.

Feedback and Improvement:

- Look into how existing systems gather and incorporate user feedback for continuous
improvement and innovation.

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Introduction to Proposed Changes:

- Describe the need for the proposed system, highlighting shortcomings or areas for
improvement in the existing system.

- Explain the objectives and goals of implementing the proposed changes.

Key Features and Enhancements:

2. Enhanced User Experience:

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 - Detail improvements in UI/UX design for better navigation, intuitive interfaces, and
streamlined user journeys.

- Introduce features to personalize user experiences, such as recommended products and user-
specific promotions.

Expanded Product Catalog and Search:

- Propose enhancements to the product catalog organization, including improved categorization

and advanced search capabilities.

- Discuss features like filters, sorting options, and better product descriptions.

Efficient Shopping Cart and Checkout:

- Outline plans for an optimized shopping cart system with clear visibility of items, easy
modifications, and a seamless checkout process.

- Introduce features to minimize cart abandonment, such as guest checkout options or one-click
purchase.

Enhanced Security Measures:

- Propose stronger security protocols, including improved data encryption, two-factor

authentication, and fraud detection systems.

- Detail strategies for ensuring secure transactions and protecting user data.

Scalability and Performance Improvements:

- Discuss plans for scalability to handle increased user traffic during peak times without
compromising system performance.

- Outline optimizations for faster loading times, server response, and overall system reliability.

Innovative Customer Engagement:

- Introduce strategies for enhancing customer engagement, such as loyalty programs,

interactive features, and personalized recommendations.

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 - Detail plans for improved customer support mechanisms, including live chat, AI-powered
assistance, or dedicated support channels.

Technical Aspects:

Technological Stack and Architecture:

- Outline the proposed technological stack (programming languages, databases, frameworks)

and how they contribute to the system's efficiency and scalability.

- Detail the system architecture and how different components interact.

Data Management and Storage:

- Explain the database design enhancements for improved data management, integrity, and
performance.

- Discuss plans for efficient data storage, retrieval, and optimization.

Integration of New Technologies:

- Propose the integration of emerging technologies (AI, machine learning, IoT) for
personalized experiences, predictive analytics, or enhanced security.

2.3 FEASIBILITY STYDY:

Technical Feasibility:

Technology Stack Assessment:

- Evaluate the availability and suitability of technologies (HTML, CSS, Java, MySQL, JSP) for
building the online shopping system.

- Assess compatibility, scalability, and performance capabilities of the selected technologies.

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Development Tools and Resources:

- Determine the availability of development tools (e.g., Eclipse IDE) and necessary resources
(skilled developers, hosting infrastructure) to support the project.

Integration and Compatibility:

- Assess the feasibility of integrating different components (frontend, backend, database) for
seamless compatibility and functionality.

Economic Feasibility

Cost-Benefit Analysis:

- Estimate the costs involved in development, infrastructure, maintenance, and marketing

against the potential benefits (revenue, market reach, competitive edge).

- Analyze whether the expected returns justify the investment.

Resource Allocation:

- Evaluate the availability of financial resources, manpower, and time required for the project.

- Consider alternate resource allocation strategies to optimize costs.

Operational Feasibility:

User Acceptance and Adaptability:

- Assess the willingness of users (customers, administrators) to adapt to the new system.

- Analyze potential challenges in user adoption and strategies to overcome resistance.

Business Processes Alignment:

- Evaluate how well the proposed system aligns with existing business processes or if changes
are necessary.

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 - Consider the impact on operational efficiency and workflow management.

Legal and Regulatory Feasibility:

Compliance and Regulations:

- Evaluate the system's compliance with data protection laws (GDPR, CCPA) and e-commerce
regulations.

- Ensure adherence to legal standards in handling user data, transactions, and consumer rights.

Schedule Feasibility

Timeline and Milestones:

- Assess the proposed project schedule against realistic timelines.

- Consider potential delays, dependencies, and strategies to manage the project timeline
effectively.

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 CHAPTER-3

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION:

3.1.1 Functional Requirements:

- User Management:

- User registration, login, and profile management functionalities.

- User roles and permissions management (e.g., admin, customer).

- Product Management:

- Catalog management: Add, edit, delete products with details (name, description, price,
images).

- Categorization and organization of products for easy browsing.

- Shopping Cart and Checkout:

- Allow users to add/remove items to/from cart, view cart contents, and proceed to secure
checkout.

- Secure payment gateway integration for seamless transactions.

- Order Processing and Tracking:

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 - Order history and tracking functionalities for users.

- Email notifications for order confirmations, status updates, and delivery information.

3.1.2 Non-Functional Requirements:

- Performance:

- Ensure system responsiveness and scalability under varying user loads.

- Optimize page load times and transaction processing speed.

- Security:

- Implement robust security measures, including encryption, secure authentication, and

protection against common web vulnerabilities.

- Secure data transmission and storage to safeguard user information.

- Usability:

- Design an intuitive and user-friendly interface for seamless navigation.

- Ensure compatibility and responsiveness across multiple devices and browsers.

- Reliability:

- Maintain system stability, minimizing errors, crashes, or downtime.

- Backup mechanisms and data integrity checks for reliability.

3.1.3 Constraints and Dependencies:

- Technology Stack:

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 - Specify the use of HTML, CSS, Java (with JSP), MySQL 5.5, and Tomcat live server within
the Eclipse IDE.

- Compatibility requirements with browsers and devices.

- Regulatory Compliance:

- Ensure compliance with data protection regulations (GDPR, CCPA) and standards for
secure handling of user data.

3.1.4 Assumptions and Risks:

- List any assumptions made during requirement gathering and potential risks associated with
the project's implementation.

3.1.5 Use Cases and Scenarios:

- Detailed use case descriptions and scenarios illustrating system functionalities and
interactions for various user roles.

3.1.6 Acceptance Criteria:

- Define criteria for each requirement to be considered successfully implemented and accepted
by stakeholders.

3.1.7 Documentation and References:

- References to supporting documentation, design mockups, industry standards, or regulations

influencing the requirement specifications.

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3.2 FLOW CHARTS:

3.2.1 Data Flow Diagram (DFD):

What is Online Shopping System DFD?

An online shopping app or system is the same or half-alike an e-commerce website. It works the
same also as other e-commerce platforms. However, there are some differences such as in
customer or user experience.

One of the methods used for online shopping system development is the DFD (data flow
diagram). It represents the system’s major processes and alternatives that generate the internal
flow of data. Additionally, the data was properly categorized to illustrate the online shopping
system structure.

Take Note: DFD is not part of the Online Shopping System UML Diagrams, but they
complement each other in explaining the project activities, behaviors, interactions, and structure.

Importance of Data Flow Diagram (DFD):

The importance of the data flow diagram (DFD) for an online shopping system is to show the
developers the actual happenings in the system. This is done by visualizing the system’s data
management at various levels.

Furthermore, the DFD levels were used to discuss the system’s data flow. These levels have their
part in expounding the system’s data flow structure details. It is then applied in creating Online
Shopping System ER Diagram.

Data flow diagrams not only describe the flow of data but also denote the steps involved in
transferring data from one process to another. As a result, the data was transformed from input to
output.

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DFD Level 0 Online Shopping System:
The context diagram is an alternative name for the Level 0 DFD Diagram for Online Shopping
System. Users, the main process, and data flow make up its parts. Also, the project concept is
demonstrated using the single process visualization.

DFD Level 0 shows the entities that interact with a system and defines the border between the
system and its environment. This diagram also depicts the online shopping system at a high
level.

DFD for Online Shopping System Level 0 (Fig 1)

The illustration presents the main process in a single node to introduce the project context. This
context explains how the project works in just one look. The user feeds data into the system and
then receives the output from it.

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In addition to this, you will perceive through the diagram that there is already the presence of
data flow. Though the process is very general, the flow of data is clear. Nevertheless, just modify
this diagram to meet the other requirements and include other matters regarding shopping
management.

Level 1 DFD for Online Shopping System:

The “detonated view” of the context diagram is the DFD Level 1. Its function is to deepen the
concept derived from the context diagram. Specifically, level 1 shows the broader details of
Level 0. This is to clarify the paths (flow) of data and its transformation from input to output.

DFD for Online Shopping System Level 1 (Fig 2)

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The designed diagram portrays four different scenarios: managing purchasing information,
product monitoring, tracing transactions, and managing payment and deliveries.

Level 2 DFD for Online Shopping System:

Level 2 DFD for Online Shopping System is also the highest abstraction of the data flow
diagram. This level also broadens the idea from the DFD level 1. It includes the sub-processes
from level 1 as well as the data that flows.

DFD for Online Shopping System Level 2 (Fig 3)

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3.2.2 Entity Relationship Diagram:

The ER Diagram is referred to as the online shopping system’s database design. Both the ER
diagram and the database design illustrate the relationships between all the system’s entities. Its
major components are entities, attributes, and relationships.

Entity Relationship Diagram for Online Shopping System:

The ER Diagram of Online Shopping shows the relationships in each entity and their supposed
functions in each relationship.

(Fig 4)

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Based on the image above, the Entity Relationship Diagram for the online shopping system is
presented in tables. The tables include products, categories, sellers, customers, shopping orders,
payments, deliveries, and transaction reports.

3.2.3 Online Shopping System Sequence Diagram:

This ONLINE SHOPPING SYSTEM UML Sequence Diagram shows a detailed illustration of
the sequence of events happening in the Online Shopping System. This designed sequence
diagram can show programmers and readers the sequence of messages between the actor and the
objects.

(Fig 5)

A sequence diagram in software engineering and systems analysis is a visual representation of

interactions between various components or actors in a system. It illustrates the sequence of
messages or actions exchanged among these entities over a period, often focusing on the
chronological order of these interactions. Lifelines, represented by vertical lines, depict
participants or components, while arrows indicate messages or actions passed between them.

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Sequence diagrams help in understanding the flow of processes, the order of execution, and the
interaction patterns within a system or between its components.

3.2.4 Online Shopping System Activity Diagram:

The Online Shopping System Activity Diagram will give you the scenarios of exchanging
activities between the users and the system. The activity diagram has symbols just like actors,
and arrows which will help you understand the workflow of the online shopping management
system.

(Fig 6)

Activity diagrams are used to model business processes, workflows, software behaviors, or
complex procedures. They provide a visual representation that helps stakeholders understand the

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sequence of operations and the control flow within a system, aiding in system analysis, design,
and communication among project team members.

3.2.5 COMPONENT DIAGRAM:

A component diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram used to illustrate
the structural organization of a system, showcasing the various components or building blocks
and their relationships within the system.

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 (Fig 7)

Component diagrams are valuable for visualizing the high-level architecture of a system,
emphasizing the structural composition and relationships among components. They assist in
understanding the modular structure of a system, aiding in system design, development, and
maintenance. These diagrams help stakeholders comprehend how various components
collaborate and communicate to achieve the system's functionalities.

3.2.6 USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A use case diagram is a visual representation within the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that
illustrates the interactions between users (actors) and a system. It focuses on depicting the
functionalities or behaviors a system provides to its users.

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 (Fig 8)

Use case diagrams are a fundamental tool in systems analysis and software development, aiding
in the understanding, design, and communication of system functionalities and interactions.

3.2.7 Online Shopping System Deployment Diagram:

The Deployment Diagram for Project (Online Shopping System) is one of the UML models used
to visualize the deployment of the Online Shopping System architecture. It contains elements
such as hardware, software, and the middleware that connects them. UML Deployment
Diagram presents the system’s needs for hardware and software.

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 (Fig 9)

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3.3 DESIGN AND TETS STEP CRITERIA:

DATABASE DESIGN:

Database design for a Project (online shopping system) using MySQL 5.5 involves structuring
the database to efficiently store, manage, and retrieve data related to users, products, orders, and
transactions. Here's a guideline for designing the database:

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Page 30 of 48
Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD):

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1. User Entities:

- User Table: Store user details (ID, username, password, email, address, etc.).

- Role Table: Define user roles (customer, admin) and their associations.

2. Product Entities:

- Product Table: Store product information (ID, name, description, price, category, etc.).

- Category Table: Define categories and subcategories for organizing products.

3. Order Entities:

- Order Table: Record order details (ID, date, customer ID, status, total price, etc.).

- Order Items Table: Capture individual items in an order (order ID, product ID, quantity,
price, etc.).

4. Other Entities:

-Cart Table: Temporary storage for items added by users before checkout (user ID, product
ID, quantity, etc.).

- Payment Table: Store payment details for completed orders (order ID, payment method,
transaction ID, etc.).

Key Considerations:

1. Normalization:

- Organize tables to eliminate redundancy and ensure data integrity using normalization
techniques (1NF, 2NF, 3NF).

- Avoid data duplication and maintain consistency by splitting data into related tables.

2. Indexes and Keys:

- Use primary keys to uniquely identify records within tables (e.g., User ID, Product ID).

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 - Define foreign keys to establish relationships between tables (e.g., Customer ID in Orders
table relates to User ID).

- Consider indexing frequently queried columns for improved query performance.

3. Data Integrity:

- Implement constraints (such as NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY constraints) to

maintain data accuracy and consistency.

- Enforce referential integrity to ensure that relationships between tables are maintained.

4. Data Types and Optimization:

- Choose appropriate data types (VARCHAR, INT, DECIMAL, DATE, etc.) based on the
nature of the data to optimize storage and retrieval.

- Optimize table structures and queries to enhance database performance.

A well-designed database schema following proper normalization, relationships, and efficient

indexing can ensure data integrity, optimize performance, and support the functionalities
required for your online shopping system. Adjust the design based on specific requirements and
relationships between entities within the system.

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3.4 ALGORITHM & PSEUDO CODES:

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3.5 TESTING PROCESS:

The testing process for your online shopping system website involves systematically evaluating
its functionalities, identifying and fixing issues, and ensuring that it meets the specified
requirements. Here's a general testing process you can follow:

Requirements Analysis:

- Review the project requirements to establish a clear understanding of the expected

functionalities and performance criteria.

Test Planning:

- Develop a comprehensive test plan that outlines the testing objectives, scope, resources,
schedule, and testing methodologies to be employed.

Unit Testing:

- Conduct unit testing on individual components of the system, such as modules, functions, or
classes, to ensure they operate as intended.

Integration Testing:

- Verify that integrated components interact correctly. Test the interactions between different
modules to identify any issues arising from their combination.

System Testing:

- Test the complete system to ensure that it meets the specified requirements. This includes
testing functionalities, user interfaces, security measures, and overall system behavior.

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Functional Testing:

- Verify that each function of the online shopping system works according to the requirements.
This includes testing features like user registration, product search, shopping cart management,
and secure checkout.

Usability Testing:

- Evaluate the user interface for ease of use, intuitiveness, and overall user experience. Ensure
that users can navigate through the website with minimal confusion.

Performance Testing:

- Assess the system's performance under different conditions, including various user loads.
Check response times, server load handling, and overall system scalability.

Security Testing:

- Perform security testing to identify and address vulnerabilities. This includes checking for
secure data transmission, protection against common security threats, and proper user
authentication mechanisms.

Compatibility Testing:

- Ensure that the online shopping system works seamlessly across different browsers, devices,
and operating systems.

Regression Testing:

- Conduct regression testing after each modification to ensure that new changes do not
negatively impact existing functionalities.

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User Acceptance Testing (UAT):

- Involve end-users or stakeholders in the testing process to validate that the system meets
their expectations and requirements.

Bug Tracking and Fixing:

- Document and prioritize any identified issues. Work with the development team to address
and fix bugs promptly.

Documentation:

- Maintain comprehensive documentation of the testing process, including test cases, results,
and any changes made to the system.

Deployment Testing:

- Verify the deployment process to ensure a smooth transition from the testing environment to
the production environment.

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 CHAPTER-4

RESULT/OUTPUT

User Registration and Login:

-Result:

- Successful User Registration.

- Failed Registration (if username or email is already taken).

-Output:

- Registration Confirmation.

- Error Message for Failed Registration.

-Example Output Messages:

- "Registration Successful. Welcome to our online shopping platform!"

- "Username 'Abhinav123@' is already taken. Please choose a different username."

Product Catalog:

-Result:

- Successful Retrieval of Product Catalog.

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 - No Products Found (if the catalog is empty or no matches).

-Output:

- Display of Products with Details (Name, Description, Price).

- Empty Catalog Message or No Match Message.

-Example Output Messages:

- Display Product List with Details.

- "Sorry, no products found in this category."

Shopping Cart:

-Result:

- Successful Addition/Removal of Items to/from Cart.

- Attempted Action on Out-of-Stock Product.

-Output:

- Updated Cart Contents.

- Error Message for Unsuccessful Actions.

-Example Output Messages:

- "Item added to your cart. Current total: $X.XX."

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 - "Error: Product out of stock. Please choose a different quantity."

Checkout and Order:

-Result:

- Successful Checkout and Order Placement.

- Insufficient Stock for One or More Items.

-Output:

- Order Confirmation.

- Error Message for Unsuccessful Checkout.

-Example Output Messages:

- "Order placed successfully. Your order ID is XXX."

- "Error: Insufficient stock for item 'Product ABC'. Please update your quantity."

User Account:

-Result:

- Successful Update of User Profile.

- Incorrect Password for Profile Update.

-Output:

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 - Updated User Profile.

- Error Message for Incorrect Password.

-Example Output Messages:

- "Profile updated successfully. Your changes have been saved."

- "Error: Incorrect password. Please enter the correct password to update your profile."

Error Handling:

-Result:

- Generic Errors (e.g., 404 - Page Not Found).

- Exception Handling for Unforeseen Issues.

-Output:

- Error Messages with Clear Descriptions.

- Custom Error Pages for a Polished User Experience.

-Example Output Messages:

- "404 - Oops! The page you're looking for doesn't exist."

- "An unexpected error occurred. Our team has been notified. Please try again later."

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Each interaction within the online shopping system should provide informative and user-friendly
results and outputs. Clear messaging ensures users understand the outcome of their actions and
helps troubleshoot any issues that may arise during their online shopping experience.

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 Home page

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Page 44 of 48
Contact Form

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 Cart page

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 CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION
The Internet has become a major resource in modern business, thus electronic shopping has
gained significance not only from the entrepreneur's but also from the customer's point of view.
For the entrepreneur, electronic shopping generates new business opportunities and for the
customer, it makes comparative shopping possible. As per a survey, most consumers of online
stores are impulsive and usually make a decision to stay on a site within the first few seconds.
"Website design is like a shop interior. If the shop looks poor or like hundreds of other shops the
customer is most likely to skip to the other site". Hence, we have designed the project to provide
the user with easy navigation, retrieval of data and necessary feedback as much as possible.

In this project, the user is provided with an e-commerce web site that can be used to buy
handicrafts online. To implement this as a web application we used JSP, servlet and java as the
Technology. JSP has several advantages such as enhanced performance, scalability, built- in
security and simplicity. To build any web application using JSP we need Java programming
language. Java was the language used to build the backend processing system of this application.
For the client browser to connect to the servlet engine we used Apache tomcat server as the Web
Server. Java servlet uses java DAO layer and java beans to interact with the database as it
provides in-memory caching that eliminates the need to contact the database server frequently
and it can easily deploy and maintain a java application. MySQL was used as back-end database
since it is one of the most popular open-source databases, and it provides fast data access, easy
installation and simplicity.
A good shopping cart design must be accompanied with user-friendly shopping cart application
logic. It should be convenient for the customer to view the contents of their cart and to be able to
remove or add items to their cart. The shopping cart application described in this project provides
a number of features that are designed to make the customer more comfortable.
This project helps in understanding the creation of an interactive web page and the technologies
used to implement it. The design of the project which includes Data Model and Process Model
illustrates how the database is built with different tables, how the data is accessed and processed
from the tables. The building of the project has given me a precise knowledge about how JSP is
used to develop a website, how it connects to the database to access the data and how the data
and web pages are modified to provide the user with a shopping cart application.

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 REFERENCE
1. Books:

"Java: The Complete Reference" by Herbert Schildt.

"Spring in Action" by Craig Walls.

"Hibernate in Action" by Christian Bauer and Gavin King.

2. Academic Journals:

- Explore academic journals related to web development, Java technologies, and user
experience design.

3. Online Articles:

- Articles from reputable websites, such as TechCrunch, Smashing Magazine, and A List
Apart, that discuss web development trends and best practices.

4. Official Documentation:

Java EE, Spring, Hibernate, and web server documentation.

5. Online Courses:

- Online courses and tutorials from platforms like YouTube, Coursera, edX, and Udemy can
provide valuable insights and practical knowledge.

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