Higher Nationals in Computing

Unit 13: Computing Research Project

ASSIGNMENT 1

Learner’s name: Tran Quang Hien (Leader)

ID: GCS210109
Class: GCS1003A
Subject code: 1639
Assessor name: NGUYEN QUANG HUNG

Assignment due: 06 August 2023

Assignment submit: 20 August 2023
 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 13: Computing Research Project

Submission date 20 August 2023 Date Received 1st submission 20 August 2023

Re-submission Date 24 August 2023 Date Received 2nd submission 24 August 2023

Tran Quang Hien GCS210109

Phan Hoa An Khe GCS210040
Student Name Student ID
Dong Sy Nhat Thanh GCS210033
Huynh Thanh Vu GCS210232

Class GCS1003A Assessor name Nguyen Quang Hung

Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand
that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2
 Summative Feedback: Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Signature & Date:

 ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number UNIT 13: Computing Research Project

Assignment title Proposing and conducting a research project

Academic Year 2023 - 2024

Unit Tutor Nguyen Quang Hung

Issue date Submission date 20 August 2023

Tran Quang Hien/GCS210109

Phan Hoa An Khe/GCS210040
IV name and date
Dong Sy Nhat Thanh/GCS210033
Huynh Thanh Vu/GCS210232

Submission Format:

Format: The submission is in the form of 1 document

You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at 1.3.
Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference follows
Harvard referencing system.
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the
Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must
reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that
understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process
LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant for a computing research project
LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Introduction to theme
The environmental impact of digital transformation
The amount of data created and stored globally is expected to reach 175 Zettabytes by 2025, a six-fold
increase from 2018. This will demand additional hardware and power consumption, which; in turn, will
increase the environmental impact of the digital sector and there is already increasing attention on the
environmental footprint of ICT equipment and services as they become more widespread in all aspects of
human life.
It is the responsibility of everyone to take action in addressing the challenges of climate change, as
professionals we must also seek ways that the digital sector can play its part. While digital technologies are
one of the sectors that has achieved greater efficiency; achieving about 100 times more computation power
from the same amount of energy per decade, it remains unsustainable. The sector must continue to seek
ways in which it can continue to support and drive innovation, while addressing the global climate
emergency for a greener and fairer future.
Choosing a research objective/question
Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects are those with clear,
well focused and defined objectives. A central skill in selecting a research objective is the ability to select a
suitable and focused research objective. One of the best ways to do this is to put it in the form of a question.
Students should be encouraged by tutors to discuss a variety of topics related to the theme to generate
ideas for a good research objective.
The range of topics discussed could cover the following:
● The use of modern methods to reduce carbon emissions in IT network systems.
● The impact of cloud data centres on the environment.
● The environmental implications of e-waste and ways to reduce it.
The research objective should allow students to broaden their understanding and widen their erspective of
being able to explore, argue, prove, and/or disprove a particular objective. The research objective should be
feasible, novel, ethical, relevant and ultimately of interest to the student

You have to set you own research question in the research proposal base on the previous range of topic,
and the research question must be specific enough.
 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of

the research process

P1 Produce a research proposal that M1 Evaluate different research LO1 & 2

clearly defines a research question or approaches and methodology and D1 Critically evaluate research
hypothesis supported by a literature make justifications for the choice of methodologies and processes in
review. methods selected based on application to a computing research
philosophical/theoretical frameworks. project to justify chosen research
methods and analysis.
P2 Examine appropriate research
methods and approaches to primary and
secondary research.

LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant for a computing research project

P3 Conduct primary and secondary M2 Discuss merits, limitations and

research using appropriate methods for pitfalls of approaches to data
a computing research project that collection and analysis.
consider costs, access and ethical
issues.

P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools,

analyse research findings and data.

LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders D2 Communicate critical
analysis of the outcomes and
P5 Communicate research outcomes in M3 Coherently and logically make valid, justified
an appropriate manner for the intended communicate outcomes to the recommendations.
audience. intended audience demonstrating how
outcomes meet set research
objectives.
 Table of Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................... 7
I. Introduction the purpose of the research ............................................................................................... 7
II. Literature Review ................................................................................................................................. 8
III. Research method ................................................................................................................................. 9
IV. Design ................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.1 Research Approach....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Research Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Data Collection Method .............................................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Sampling .................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.5 Survey Design............................................................................................................................................. 10
4.6 Data Collection Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 10
4.7 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 10
4.8 Results and Discussions .............................................................................................................................. 10
4.9 Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 10
V. Implementation and test .................................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Project Quantitative Research .................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Project Qualitative Research ....................................................................................................................... 17
VI. Evaluation ......................................................................................................................................... 17
6.1 Analyze data in survey form........................................................................................................................ 17
6.2 Evaluate hypotheses in the literature with appropriate justification ............................................................ 22
VII. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 22
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 24
 The Environmental Implications of E-Waste and Ways to Reduce It
Abstract
In this research paper, we propose address the pressing issue of electronic waste (e-waste) and its significant
environmental and health implications. Focusing on discarded electronics like smartphones and computers, we
analyze current e-waste management practices and propose a comprehensive framework for reduction. Our
approach integrates efficient recycling methods with strategies to promote awareness and sustainable product
design.
I. Introduction the purpose of the research
Although the proliferation of electronic devices has numerous benefits for society, it has also given rise to a
new ecological problem called e-waste. E-waste is the term for obsolete electronic equipment and parts,
including those from computers, cell phones, TVs, and other home appliances. These electronic devices are
now used more frequently, which has led to an increase in e-waste, a serious threat to the environment. Given
that it contains harmful materials including lead, mercury, and cadmium, e-waste is a significant source of
hazardous waste. If these dangerous compounds are not handled and disposed of appropriately, they can
seriously endanger both human health and the environment. The improper disposal of e-waste, such as
landfilling, can result in the release of these hazardous substances into the environment, harming the soil, water,
and air and putting both people and wild animals in danger.
Given the problems at hand, it is crucial to gain a thorough understanding of the harm that e-waste causes to
the environment and find solutions. This study aims to investigate the harmful environmental consequences of
e-waste and possible solutions for reducing the influence. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the
development of sustainable practices that can help reduce the amount of e-waste produced while also ensuring
proper disposal.
Motivations:
The research on "The Environmental Implications of E-Waste and Ways to Reduce It" is driven by the critical
need to tackle the escalating impact of electronic waste (e-waste) on the environment and human health. This
urgent issue, encompassing discarded electronics like smartphones and computers, requires immediate attention
due to its profound and far-reaching consequences.
Research question:
What are the effects of e-waste on the human health, environment, and how to reduce it
Aims and objectives:
Investigate the long-term health impacts of e-waste and propose effective strategies for minimizing e-waste
generation.
Scope of this paper:
List of things that will be covered in this project:
- Analysis of Current E-Waste Management Methods: Evaluate the existing e-waste management methods
and practices, including recycling, refurbishing, and disposal.
- Assessment of Environmental Impact: Study the environmental implications of improper e-waste
management, focusing on pollution, resource depletion, and potential health risks.
- Identification of Shortcomings in Current E-Waste Recycling Practices: The study will identify gaps,
inefficiencies, and environmental concerns associated with current e-waste recycling processes.
List of things that will not be covered in this project:
- Procurement of Equipment: The project will not involve the procurement of new e-waste recycling

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equipment or the physical implementation of tools.
- Long-Term Implementation: The project will not cover the comprehensive, long-term implementation of a
new e-waste management tool on a large scale.
- Social or Cultural Factors: Social and cultural factors influencing e-waste management practices will not
be explored in depth.
- Global Impact Assessment: The research will focus on general environmental implications and may not
deeply explore regional or localized impacts.
II. Literature Review
Introduction:
The ubiquity of electronic devices in modern society has resulted in a pressing global issue: the generation of
electronic waste (e-waste). This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental
implications of e-waste and the strategies that can be employed to reduce its impact. E-waste contains valuable
materials but also hazardous substances, making its management critical to safeguarding the environment and
human health. The review presents an overview of the methods used to assess e-waste's environmental impact
and examines various approaches to minimize its adverse effects.
Related work:
The literature vividly elucidates the diverse and intricate effects of electronic waste (e-waste), encompassing
its impact on human health, the environment, and strategic approaches for mitigation. Research findings
underscore the dire health consequences emanating from e-waste, as underscored by Smith et al. (2015),
revealing that exposure to hazardous constituents like heavy metals and flame retardants results in severe health
adversities, including respiratory ailments, developmental disorders, and escalated cancer risks. These health
implications are echoed by Song et al. (2017), who emphasize the substantial presence of toxic substances such
as lead, mercury, and cadmium within e-waste, with their potential to infiltrate soil and water reservoirs, thus
imperiling ecosystems and human populations alike. Moreover, Robinson et al. (2019) emphasize that informal
e-waste recycling practices, often prevalent in developing nations, inflict direct exposure to toxic chemicals on
workers, culminating in a spectrum of acute and chronic health complications.
The ramifications of e-waste extend prominently to the environmental domain. Li et al. (2018) furnish evidence
that the incineration and open combustion of e-waste components engenders the release of deleterious
pollutants into the atmosphere, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and exacerbating atmospheric pollution. The
ecological repercussions of improper e-waste disposal are vividly articulated by Xu et al. (2020), who expound
upon how this practice disrupts ecosystems by contaminating soil, water bodies, and aquatic life, thus sowing
the seeds for enduring ecological imbalances. Puckett et al. (2018) intricately weave the narrative of resource
depletion into the e-waste discourse, illuminating the intricate connection between misguided e-waste disposal
and the depletion of precious metals and minerals, prompting a clarion call for intensified recycling efforts.
Furthermore, Baldé et al. (2019) position e-waste as a contributor to the intricate tapestry of climate change, as
energy-intensive mining and disposal processes amplify carbon emissions, urging concerted efforts to curtail
e-waste to mitigate its sizeable carbon footprint.
Responding to these pressing challenges, a compendium of strategies emerges to ameliorate the impact of e-
waste. The visionary research by Widmer et al. (2019) delves into pioneering recycling paradigms like urban
mining, ingeniously extracting valuable materials from e-waste to alleviate the strain on fresh resource
extraction. Circular economy principles, as illuminated by Velis et al. (2017), advocate extending product
lifecycles, prioritizing recyclability in design, and nurturing repairability to curtail the generation of e-waste.
Moreover, Yan et al. (2018) cogently postulate the potency of stringent e-waste regulations and extended
producer responsibility (EPR) policies, propelling manufacturers to embed recycling and end-of-life
management considerations into their product ethos. The instrumental role of public education campaigns in

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engendering responsible e-waste disposal and amplifying consumer cognizance about intertwined
environmental and health implications finds resonance in the work of Barros et al. (2020). Parallelly, Lepawsky
et al. (2019) accentuate the quintessential significance of well-structured e-waste collection systems, acting as
pivotal conduits to actualize proper recycling and disposal channels, thereby abating illegal dumping and
environmental contamination. Corporate social responsibility surfaces as a potent catalyst in the sustainable e-
waste narrative, as championed by Täube et al. (2018), endorsing ecologically sound design, responsible
disposal practices, and symbiotic collaborations with recycling partners. Technological breakthroughs, as
envisioned by Chen et al. (2021), usher in transformative strides, encompassing modular design and materials
with diminished toxicity, thereby augmenting electronic device recyclability and safety. The critical facet of
international collaboration, as expounded by Schütte et al. (2016), emerges as an indispensable linchpin to
harmonize regulations, exchange best practices, and adroitly tackle the global mosaic of the e-waste
predicament.
Methods:
The review critically examines existing literature to analyze the environmental implications of e-waste. It
identifies key studies, reports, and academic articles that discuss e-waste generation, its toxic components, and
associated environmental challenges. Additionally, the review evaluates strategies and initiatives aimed at
reducing e-waste and minimizing its negative consequences on the environment.
Results and Discussions:
E-waste is characterized by the presence of toxic substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and flame
retardants, which pose severe threats to ecosystems and human health. The improper disposal and informal
recycling of e-waste can result in soil and water contamination, air pollution, and adverse health effects.
However, various strategies have been proposed to mitigate these environmental impacts. Legislative measures,
such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), shift the responsibility of proper e-waste management onto
manufacturers and importers. Recycling and safe disposal methods aim to recover valuable materials while
minimizing environmental harm. Moreover, raising awareness among consumers about responsible disposal
and the importance of reducing e-waste can contribute to behavioral changes.
III. Research method
The initial stage of conducting primary research involves data collection. Consequently, I have chosen to
primarily utilize a survey as my research approach. A survey entails devising a series of simple and direct
multiple-choice questions and distributing them to a substantial number of individuals. The numerical data
obtained from the survey can then be analyzed to address the research queries.
Surveys are optimal for gathering information from a large set of individuals as they can be effortlessly
distributed and responses collected promptly. Based on the representativeness of my sample, I might be able to
draw certain conclusions about the broader population I am examining. Additionally, further statistical analysis
of the survey data can be conducted to determine the significance of specific responses.
Collecting Data:
Population of Research: My study will be directed at everyone who studies, teaching, and working at Ho Chi
Minh campus in University of Greenwich.
Sample size: For this research, there will be 60 people in University of Greenwich.
Security: for data security reasons, we do not collect user emails.
IV. Design
4.1 Research Approach
My research approach involves a survey-based primary research method.
4.2 Research Objectives

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Investigate the long-term health impacts of e-waste.
Propose effective strategies for minimizing e-waste generation.
4.3 Data Collection Method
We will use a survey to collect data from individuals at the Ho Chi Minh campus of the University of
Greenwich.
4.4 Sampling
Population: Everyone who studies, teaches, and works at the Ho Chi Minh campus of the University of
Greenwich.
Sample Size: 60 people
4.5 Survey Design
Design a survey questionnaire with simple and direct multiple-choice questions to address our research
objectives.
Demographics: Collect basic information about the participants (e.g., age, gender, occupation).
Awareness and Knowledge: Evaluate participants' awareness of e-waste and its environmental implications.
E-Waste Disposal Habits: Gather information about participants' current e-waste disposal practices.
Health Concerns: Assess participants' understanding of the health risks associated with improper e-waste
disposal.
Strategies for Reduction: Obtain insights into participants' opinions on strategies for reducing e-waste
generation (e.g., recycling, awareness campaigns, sustainable design).
4.6 Data Collection Procedure
Distribution: Distribute the survey questionnaire to the selected sample of 60 individuals at the University of
Greenwich's Ho Chi Minh campus.
Collection: Collect the completed survey responses within a designated time frame.
Anonymity: Ensure that responses remain anonymous to encourage honest answers.
4.7 Data Analysis
Conduct statistical analysis of the survey data to draw meaningful insights. You can use tools like Microsoft
Excel or statistical software packages like SPSS or R. The analysis might involve:
Descriptive Statistics: Summarize demographic data and survey responses.
Correlation Analysis: Explore relationships between different variables (e.g., awareness and disposal habits).
Frequency Analysis: Examine the prevalence of certain responses.
4.8 Results and Discussions
Present the findings of your analysis in a clear and organized manner. Discuss the implications of the survey
results about your research objectives and the existing literature. Address the research question and aims you
defined earlier.
4.9 Conclusion and Recommendations
Summarize the key findings of your study and propose actionable recommendations for reducing e-waste and
mitigating its environmental impact.
Remember that research is an iterative process, so be prepared to refine your research design as needed based
on feedback and challenges you encounter during data collection and analysis. Also, ensure ethical
considerations and data privacy measures are in place throughout the research process.

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V. Implementation and test
I created a poll to solicit feedback from 60 persons who study, teaching, and working at Ho Chi Minh campus
in University of Greenwich. This survey will include multiple-choice questions as well as a few quick questions
to learn more about the environmental consequences of e-waste and solutions to eliminate it.
For the main study of this project, I utilized Google Forms to create forms, gather data, and create visualizations.

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5.1 Project Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is a data-driven method that focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data. The goal
is to use statistical tools to explore and explain correlations between variables as well as to test hypotheses. To
acquire a large amount of data, this type of study usually uses organized surveys, questionnaires, experiments,
and statistical analysis. The method is rigorous, objective, and empirical, and the outcomes provide numerical
data that can be statistically analyzed using techniques such as correlation and regression analysis. The ultimate
purpose of quantitative research is to gain significant insights and generalize about the group under
investigation.
The following are some quantitative research questions for my study's survey.

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5.2 Project Qualitative Research
Qualitative research tries to delve into the social and human components of a topic by studying the subjective
experiences and opinions of those being examined. In contrast to quantitative research, which focuses on
numerical data and statistical analysis, qualitative research focuses on an unstructured and non-numerical
approach. Through in-depth interviews, observations, and open-ended questions, it gathers vast and thorough
insights about the research subject. The findings of qualitative research are not meant to be generalizable to a
larger population, but rather to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under examination.
The following are some qualitative research questions for my study's survey.

VI. Evaluation
6.1 Analyze data in survey form
The information collected from the survey will be immediately saved on Google Forms for analysis. I've made
the decision to look into this information as a consequence.

Figure 1: What is your gender?

The diagram demonstrates that 45% of the survey's participants were men, while 55% of its total participants
were women.

Figure 2: What age are you in?

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The graph makes it clear that all students and employees at the University of Greenwich, including faculty
members, participated in the survey. As seen, 47.5% of the participants were between the ages of 18 and 30,
followed by 27.1% of those between the ages of 31 and 40. Finally, 25.4% of the participants were over the
age of 40.

Figure 3: What types of electronic devices do you own that you no longer use?
According to the graph, the Blu-ray/DVD player has the highest percentage of people who no longer use it but
still own it, at 75%, followed by headphones at 65% and radios at 60%. With 56.7% and 50% usage,
respectively, other devices like speakers and printers are used less frequently. A lower percentage of people
use gaming consoles, tablets, and fitness trackers, with 45%, 36.7%, and 33.3%, respectively. Even fewer
people-25%, 21.7%, and 15%, respectively-use mice, laptops, and headphones. The lowest percentages of
people (6.7% and 5%, respectively) use digital cameras and remote controls.

Figure 4: How much do you know about e-waste and its environmental impact?
According to the diagram, 30% of survey respondents have a good understanding of e-waste and how it affects
the environment, while 18.3% have a thorough grasp of the subject. Only 8.3% of participants were rated as
having a high level of expertise in e-waste. However, only 21.7% of participants have a fundamental
understanding of e-waste, while the majority have only heard of it in passing.

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Figure 5: Have you ever disposed of any of your electronic devices properly, such as through recycling?
The diagram suggests that 60% of participants have properly disposed of their electronic devices, while 40%
have never done so.

Figure 6: What do you think is the best way to dispose of e-waste?

The responses to the survey question "What do you think is the best way to dispose of e-waste?" are listed
below. Only a small percentage of participants selected "Throwing" as the best option for getting rid of e-
waste, while the majority chose "Recycling" as their top choice.

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 Figure 7: How would you rate the importance of reducing e-waste compared to other environmental
issues?
Looking at the chart, we can see that a sizable portion of participants rated the significance of reducing e-waste
as high in comparison to other environmental issues, with 17 people choosing 4 and 17 people choosing 5 on
the scale. These two scores each account for 28.3%. On the other hand, a small number of people gave the
importance a low rating, with 5 choosing 1 on the scale, which accounts for 8.3%.

Figure 8: In your opinion, what can individuals do to reduce e-waste?

Based on the data, the majority of survey takers chose "Recycling" as their top strategy for cutting back on
personal e-waste.

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 Figure 9: Do you believe we must act immediately to stop the release of e-waste into the environment?
The chart shows that 50.8% of survey respondents, on average, think that immediate action is required to stop
e-waste from entering the environment. However, according to 23.7% of respondents, dealing with e-waste is
not as urgent as other environmental issues. The remaining 25.4% are undecided and need more data before
they can decide.

Figure 10: What is the most serious issue with e-waste when it is released into the environment?
Looking at the graph, it is clear that 38.3% of respondents regarded air, water, and soil pollution as the most
serious issue caused by e-waste when it is released into the environment. The second-largest group, comprising
11.7% of the total, thought that declining biodiversity and rising carbon emissions were the most pressing
problems. While 10% identified food chain contamination from toxic chemicals, decreased soil fertility, and
energy waste caused by non-recyclable components as major concerns. The final group, comprising 8.3% of
respondents, thought that overflowing landfills were the most urgent issue.

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 Figure 11: Do you recycle or donate your old electronic devices when you purchase new ones?
It is clear from the graph that respondents to the final survey question divided their votes evenly, with 43.3%
selecting "yes" and 31.7% selecting "no." 25% of respondents chose "maybe" in the meantime.
6.2 Evaluate hypotheses in the literature with appropriate justification
This study, which took place on the campus of the University of Greenwich, had a narrow focus and only
included participants who were at least eighteen years old. The results cannot be regarded as conclusive or
typical of a larger population as a result. More extensive research is needed to properly comprehend the effects
of e-waste on the environment and the possibility of device reusability. The limits in demographic distribution
characteristics like gender and age also underscore the necessity for a larger study to produce more accurate
results.
The study's findings shed light on the harm that electronic trash causes when it is dumped as well as its
consequences on the ecosystem. It was discovered that despite no longer being in use, many people continue
to preserve electronic equipment, which adds to the rising volume of e-waste. These underused devices could
eventually contribute to degradation of the environment and an increase in carbon emissions. The survey also
showed that a sizable portion of people still do not view the problem of e-waste as one that requires immediate
attention.
VII. Conclusion
In conclusion, the escalating issue of e-waste presents significant environmental challenges that demand
immediate attention and action. The rapid growth of electronic consumption has led to detrimental
consequences such as resource depletion, toxic substance release, and ecosystem contamination. Nevertheless,
through a combination of comprehensive regulatory frameworks, effective recycling technologies, and
heightened consumer awareness, there exists a promising pathway to mitigate the environmental implications
of e-waste. Governments, industries, and individuals must collaboratively commit to implementing sustainable
practices, responsible product design, and proper disposal methods. By fostering a culture of circular economy,
where products are designed for longevity and recyclability, we can actively reduce the generation of e-waste
and its associated environmental burden. The journey towards a greener and more sustainable future
necessitates collective efforts and a renewed commitment to responsible electronics consumption and
management.
Recommendation for improving the system or future research
The majority of survey respondents clearly believe that "Recycling" is one of the most effective methods to
dispose of e-waste, even though there are still many options provided by those who join the rest, according to
the poll results. The study does have certain drawbacks, such as the small number of limiting factors examined.
In order to be able to identify more appropriate answers to this issue, future studies using more advanced

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methodologies and more time and money may continue to examine with more elements in the relationship.
This influences not just the behavior of those who use electronic gadgets but also encourages stronger rules for
e-waste, or obsolete electronic equipment. They were able to increase the survey's scope from a survey on the
University of Greenwich to a survey of all electronic users in Vietnam, as well as its demographics by focusing
on different age groups like those over 60 because these populations are now sizable and have a high demand
for electronic equipment. Beyond their simply functional requirements, there are numerous additional
underlying elements that influence consumer demand that can be researched.

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