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1K views138 pages

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Qatar History

and Citizenship

8
The 8th Grade

Edition
1446-2024

Private Schools
Educational Supervision Department
Curriculum and Learning Resources Department
Educational and Academic Experiences from Schools

Scientific and Educational Review and Audit

Team of Educational Experts
Curriculum and Learning Resources Department

Copyright © - Ministry of Education and Higher Education - State of Qatar

And pray,
“My Lord! Increase
me in knowledge
Taha, Verse (114)
His Highness

Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani

The Amir of State of Qatar

Qatari National Anthem

Swearing by God who raised the sky
Swearing by God who spread the light
Qatar will always be free, be the spirit of the loyal
Travel the high rood, Advance with the guiding light of the prophets
In my heart, Qatar is an epic of our forefather’s glory.
Qatar is the land of the foremost men who protect us in times of distress
Doves of peace, warriors of sacrifice
Contents:

1 Lesson 1 Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar between 1913-1949 AD 9

2 Lesson 2 Economic Resources in the State of Qatar............................ 19

3 Lesson 3 Social Change in Qatari Community and its Factors............. 41
4 Lesson 4 Social and Economic Security .................................................. 49
5 Lesson 5 The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar ............................. 61
6 Lesson 6 Primary Sources of Human Rights ........................................... 73
7 Lesson 7 Women’s and Children’s Rights ............................................... 87
8 Lesson 8 Qatari Women ............................................................................ 101
9 Lesson 9 World Peace ................................................................................ 113
10 Lesson 10 Intolerance and Racial Discrimination ................................... 127
Introduction:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

All Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master
Muhammad and all his family and companions.
Then,
Preparing the Qatari History and Citizenship book for all private schools is in order to
acquaint students with the historical and civilizational achievements of the State of Qatar
through the different Historical Eras, and to emphasize the role of grandparents and fathers
in making this history through the harmony between the leadership and the people on the
one hand, and the role of the leaders of the state and their efforts in building the modern
State of Qatar and its renaissance in all fields on the other hand. As well as such book aims to
enhance students’ understanding of their current and future roles in preserving the Qatari
identity and building on these achievements.
Qatari History and Citizenship books included integration between the fields of history and
citizenship, so as to enhance a range of values based on affiliation, loyalty, moderation, the
rights and duties under active citizenship, and the firming the principles of co-existence up
so as to deepen national unity. It has been relying to put topics on the balance between
the cognitive, skills and emotional aspects derived from document of Standards for Social
Studies in the State of Qatar, and taking into account the chronological order of events away
from the unnecessary words and repetition and verbosity, and so as to enhance aspects
of critical and creative thinking and problem solving through a variety of exercises and
activities to meet the different learning styles for students.
The 8th Grade book includes ten lessons are as follows:
Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar between 1913-1949, Economic
Resources in the State of Qatar, Social Change in Qatari Community and its Factors, Social
and Economic Security, The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar, Primary Sources of Hu-
man Rights, Women’s and Children’s Rights, Qatari Women, World Peace, Intolerance and
Racial Discrimination.
We hope that the students will interact positively with the contents of the book in order to
acquire knowledge and skills, build positive intellectual trends, and understand your roles
and responsibilities towards your State, Qatar, and the entire world.
God grants success
‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫الفهرس‪:‬‬
Lesson 1:

Economic and Social Conditions

in the State of Qatar
between 1913-1949 AD

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Explain the economic and social conditions during the reign of Sheikh Abdul-
lah bin Jassim Al Thani

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Individual efforts I Participate in building my
Quranic schools (Katateeb) country, because nations are
built by their leaders wisdom
and the hands of their citizens.
Lesson 1

Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar

between 1913-1949 AD
Qatar has witnessed a significant change in the economic and social conditions that our beloved
country experienced during the rule of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani. Those conditions had a great
impact on the population of Qatar at that time:
Do you know those economic and social conditions that occurred in Qatar between 1913 to 1949 AD?
.................................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................

First: The Economic Conditions

It wasn’t long after Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani’s took
over the rule, and the country began to suffer from bad economic
conditions, following the erosion of pearl hunting and the
depressed of its trade; This is for many reasons including:
1. The production of the Japanese cultured pearl since the beginning of the twentieth century, and the
dumping of global markets with it; This led to a decrease in the price of natural pearls.
2. The closure of the European markets to the selling of Qatari pearls due to the Second World War, as
France was the main importer.

Oil Exploration:
The process of Oil Exploration began in 1935 AD
in the onshore Dukhan field, west of Qatar, through
Anglo-Persian Oil Company, but the exploration
operations stopped due to the outbreak of the
Second World War; This resulted in a lack of sources
of income. Then the process of oil exploration
resumed at the end of the Second World War, and
Dukhan Field
economic conditions have recovered.

10
Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar between 1913-1949 AD

In light of the above, answer the following questions:

1. Mention the craft on which economic life in Qatar was based
before oil?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The production of cultured pearls had negative effects on the
Think and Answer Qatari economy, explain?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….........................……………………………

Second: Social Conditions

As a result of the economic conditions erosion at the beginning of the reign of Sheikh
Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani, the country witnessed a significant decrease in the population,
because of large numbers of them migrating to the neighboring areas searching for job
opportunities. the migration has been estimated at about a quarter of the population of Qatar
at that time.
Social conditions also got worse; The high prices and Costliness were widespread.
Enrichment: A writer described the social and economic conditions during the depression
of the pearl trade, saying:
«The poor conditions of the people was that many of them get fed up with
their need to manage supplies, and that bowls of dates were taken and wet
Read and Answer with water, to dissolve the remnants of dates stuck to the bottom and edges of
it to obtain a diluted juice that would help a little bit regarding hunger.»

By understanding the above:

- What is your assessment of the Qatari people›s endurance during this difficult period?
................................................................................................................................................................
- If you were a citizen of that reign; What would you do during these crises?
................................................................................................................................................................

11
Lesson 1

Manifestations of Social Life:

First: Education:
Education in Qatar started by individual efforts; as merchants
and judges took care of spending on it because they needed
it for record, registration and calculation; In order to organize
their business and economic transactions at home and abroad.
Therefore, Qatar, through merchants and religious scholars,
witnessed the emergence of education based mainly on the
Quranic Schools (Al Ktateeb) in which only reading, writing,
memorizing, and reciting the Qur’an was tought

- List the reasons for the need for education before oil discov- Quranic Schools (Al Ktateeb)
ery.
.........................................................................................
- Explain the role of Quranic Schools (Al Ktateeb) in education
before oil discovery
..........................................................................................
After assuming the Rule, Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani was interested in education, so he
expanded the Quranic Schools (Al Ktateeb), and called Sheikh Mohammed bin Mana from Najd, and
entrusted him with the task of establishing Al-Athari school, which was opened in 1913 AD. The cur-
ricula included Sharia sciences and the Arabic language, and the school was attached by library which
Qatar merchants had contributed to establishing by bringing many books from abroad.
Mrs. Amna Mahmoud Al Jaidah, one of the most prominent volunteer teachers, is considered the
pioneer of women’s work in Qatar; She is the first Qatari teacher, and the first principal of the first
Qatari governmental school for girls in Qatar, after converting its Kuttab to the first modern school for
girls’ education in 1956 AD.

Enrichment:
- Demonstrate Qatar’s interest in women’s education
..............................................................................................................
- What is the responsibility of the community in the renaissance of
Read and Analyze education?
..............................................................................................................

12
Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar between 1913-1949 AD

Second: The Role of Al-Majaalis

Al-Majaalis represented an essential element in the social and cultural life of the Qatari community
in that period, as they were the cultural clubs that were concerned with reviving the intellectual
movement. As literary and intellectual discussions were held, poetry was recited, novels were read,
and some jurisprudential and religious issues were discussed in those Majaalis.
Parents were very keen on taking their children to Al-Majaalis to listen to the speeches of elders
and to learn from them the basic aspects of life, and the customs and traditions of receiving guests.
Besides that, Al-Majaalis had an economic role; Where it was considered a place of commercial
exchange, where Ship Captains (Al Noaktha) and the merchants meet. Also, many commercial deals
are concluded between the local and the foreign merchants.
Third: The Judiciary:
Qatari community before oil discovery was simple, and the same was the
case with the judiciary, where it was customary for the Sheikh of Qatar
to appoint a person to hear the opponents’ complaints, which often
takes place in a council in the market or near the ruler’s headquarters. For‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
Your Information:
The opponents attend before him to consider their disputes and try to The name of Salfa Court is
decide satisfactory solutions and reconciliation between the opponents. derived from the slang word
In the event that the opponents’ parties are not satisfied with the Sheikh’s “Salfa” which is that the
complainant presents his
solution, he sends them to the judge, each according to the type of his case verbally before the court.
complaint and his case. The courts in Qatar were divided into: This court is competent in
a- Sharia courts. considering diving disputes.
b- Salfa Court.
Among the most famous judges in Qatar at that period was Sheikh Abdul
Rahman bin Abdullah Al-Dirham, the judge Mohammed bin Jaber
Al-Jaber, Then Sheikh Mohammed bin Mana was appointed as the chief
judge in Doha. So, he worked as a teacher, imam and judge. In Al Khor
Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Ansari was appointed as judge.

Enrichment:
By understanding the above:
What is your assessment of the role of education and the
judiciary in building community?
Read and Analyze
13
Lesson 1

Remember

Economic Conditions:
• The Pearl hunting craft deteriorated and this trade was depressed.
• The process of Oil Exploration began in 1935 AD in the Dukhan field
• Oil Exploration had stopped due to the Second World War.
• Exploration process resumed with the end of the war and conditions in
Qatar had improved

Reasons for the Depression of the Pearl Trade:

1. The production of the Japanese cultured pearls
2. The closure of the European markets to the of Qatari pearls.

Social Conditions:
• Qatar’s population has declined as a result of deteriorating economic conditions.
• A number of Qatar residents immigrated to neighboring countries in search of job
opportunities.
• Social conditions get worse and the high prices and Costliness were widespread.

14
Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar between 1913-1949 AD

Manifestations of Social Life

First: Education
• Education in Qatar started by individual efforts of merchants and religious scholars.
• The education of individual efforts in Qatar was based on the katateb to teach reading,
writing and the Holy Qur’an.
• Sheikh Abdullah was interested in education and the Al-atharia School was opened 1913
• The leader of the volunteer teachers is Mrs. Amna Mahmoud Al Jaidah.
Second: The Role of Al-Majaalis
• Al-Majaalis were considered as cultural and intellectual clubs in which some
jurisprdudetial and religious issues were discussed.
• Parents accompanied their children to Al-Majaalis to learn about customs, traditions and
values.
• Al-Majaalis were a place for commercial exchange and the conclusion of commercial
deals.
Third: Judiciary
• Courts in Qatar were divided into Sharia and Salfa Courts.
Among the most famous judges of that period:
1. Abdul Rahman bin Abdullah Al Dirham.
2. Mohammed bin Jaber Al-Jaber.
3. Mohammed bin Mana.
4. Ibrahim Al-Ansari

15
Lesson 1

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1:
Use the internet to watch the movie «Pearls and Oil in Qatar» then answer the
questions.
Collect some pictures of positive practices towards the country using the
Educational Resources Center.
What was the main crafts before the oil discovery?
- Describe the situation of the pearl trade in Qatar at the beginning of the twentieth
century as stated in the film.
- The discovery of oil was the savior of Qatar from the continued deterioration of its
economic and social conditions, explain.
- How can the state face the problem of relying on a single source in the economy?

Activity 2:
Visit Qatar National Library and read the book: (Mrs. Amna Mahmoud Al Jaidah(1913--2000)
Pioneer of Girls’ Education and Women’s Work in the State of Qatar.)
- Summarize the most important ideas that you liked about the good character of Mrs. Amna Mahmoud
Al Jaidah.
- Design a summary of the book in powerpoint presentation.
- Hold a seminar with your classmates on the topic of the book.

16
Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar between 1913-1949 AD

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. Qatar witnessed at the beginning of the rule of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim:
a- Immigrants to the country b- Immigrations out of the country
c- Great urban growth d- Exporting oil abroad

2. The process of oil exploration in Qatar has stopped due to:

a-The outbreak of the First World War. b- The outbreak of World War II.
c- British company bankruptcy. d- Maritime piracy

3. One of the reasons for the depression of the pearl trade in Qatar
a- Dukhan b- Wakra
c- Mesaieed d- Ruwais

4. The process of oil exploration in Qatar began in the field of:

a- Britain b- France
c- Italy d- Spain

17
Lesson 1

Activity 2: answer the following questions:

1. How do you explain the decline of the Pearl hunting craft and the depression of its trade?
It caused Qatar to suffer immensely on economy
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. The Second World War had a negative impact on the Qatari economic conditions, explain.
Europes import of Qatari pearls had been stopped especially from France
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Give reason for the relatively improved economic conditions in Qatar after the Second World War.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Qatar found ways to improve economic and social factors by: the process of oil

exploration was explored in 1935 Ad.

4. What are the consequences of the deteriorating economic conditions at the beginning of the reign
of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani?
1. Population decreased causing to suffer in economic factors 2. Qatari residents migrated to neighboring
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Countries .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
in search of job opportunities 3. Social conditions got worse and costliness were widespread

5. Describe the conditions of the judiciary during the reign of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani.
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
There were 2 judiciary courts that had begun in Qatar: Salfa and Sharia

Activity 3: Prove that the following phrases are correct historically:

1. Al-Majaalis played an important cultural, social and economic role in the Qatari community.
It was a place for discussing important and religious matters. It was a place for
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Commercial exchange and the end of commercial deals. Children were accompanied with parents to know the
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Customs, Values and traditions

2. Education in Qatar started by individual efforts.

Education in qatar started by individual efforts of merchants and religious scholars
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

18
Lesson 2:

Economic Resources in
the State of Qatar

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Recognize the distribution of natural and human phenomena in the State of Qatar.
Understand the economic concepts.
Explain the national production in the State of Qatar and its components.
Concepts I learn: Values I learn:
I am keen to exploit the available
Food security, fish farming, resources in a way that does not
self-sufficiency negatively affect the rights of future
generations, in order to promote
the principle of sustainable
development
Lesson 2

Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

In the last decade, the State of Qatar has focused on the process of diversifying sources of
.income. In order to strengthen its national economy as part of Qatar’s vision 2030 AD

First: Agricultural Production

For‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
Your Information:

Self-sufficiency:
The state’s ability to provide the
population’s needs of products
without resorting to importing
from abroad in order to reduce
the level of economic and
political dependence on other
countries

For‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
Your Information:
The State of Qatar is paying increasing attention to developing
the agricultural sector, and is working to meet the challenges Food security the State s ability
provide food for its citizens
facing agriculture; To achieve self-sufficiency and food security from its own local producation
to meet or exceed needs of the
for the State. population
We will learn about the challenges facing the agricultural
activity in the State of Qatar and the state’s efforts to develop the
agricultural sector.

Enrichment:
In your opinion, is self-sufficiency in agricultural production achieved in the
State of Qatar now? And why?
......................................................................................................................................
What are your suggestions to rationalize the consumption of agricultural
materials to achieve self-sufficiency and food security for the State?
Think and Discuss ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

20
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

Challenges facing agricultural activity in the State of Qatar:

The agricultural activity in the State of Qatar faces many challenges that impede
achieving self-sufficiency, the most prominent of which are:
1. Lack of arable land

Table (1) Cultivated and uncultivated areas in the State of Qatar

Year Arable land area (units in hectares) Total area of Qatar State

2017 AD Cultivated Uncultivated Total

1161000
11590 53410 65000
Source: Planning and Statistics Authority - Qatar Agricultural Statistics 2017 AD.
Hectare= 0.01 km2

Enrichment:
From the previous table of the area of agricultural land in the
State of Qatar, calculate the percentages for the following:
- Ratio of the Arable land area out of the area of the State of Qatar?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
- The percentage of the cultivated area out of the total Arable land
area in the State of Qatar.
.......................................................................................................................
Read and Calculate
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
- The percentage of the uncultivated area out of the total Arable
land area in the State of Qatar.
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

21
Lesson 2

18%

uncultivated land
arable land

82%

Figure (1) Percentage of the uncultivated area of the total Arable land in the State of
Qatar in hectares in 2017 AD.
2. The location of the State of Qatar in the dry desert zone. What are the consequences?
3. The high level of salinity in the groundwater due to the increasing amounts of withdrawals and the lack of
compensation.
4. Lack of investment in the agricultural sector; because of low financial return and long investment period.

-list anumber of suggestions to solve problems related to

the agricultural section in Qatar
........................................................................................................................
Think and Answer: ........................................................................................................................

Efforts of the State of Qatar to achieve the development of the agricultural sector:
The State of Qatar sought to achieve food security through the establishment of the Qatar Nation-
al Food Security Program in 2008 AD., which aims to achieve self-sufficiency in food through a strong,
knowledge-based agricultural economy that reduces the country’s dependence on food imports.
In implementation of the program, the government has made many efforts, including:
1. Establishment of agricultural reserves.
2. Attracting national capital to invest in the agricultural sector.
3. Providing the necessary support for the development of the local agricultural product through holding pro-
grams and conferences, for example:

22
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

IKTEFA (Sufficiency) Initiative:

Hassad Food Company, the
leading food company in the
agricultural and livestock sectors,
has launched IKTEF
(Sufficiency) Initiative, which
targets unproductive local farms,
the rate of which is more than
80%, to encourage them to
produce, and “IKTEFA
(Sufficiency) Initiative” aims to
enhance local food security by
supporting non-productive farm
owners.
Annual Date Festival in Qatar State
A. Qatar Farms Program to support and motivate the local agricultural product to compete with
the importer.
B. Qatar International Agricultural Exhibition, which is considered an ideal opportunity for
national cadres working in the agricultural field to learn about the most important equip-
ment, technologies and agricultural products to be exploited in achieving food security and
sustainable development.
4. Government support for a number of projects and initiatives, such as the Agricultural
Statistics Project, and the IKTEFA initiative for the Hassad Food Company

Enrichment:
- Use the Internet to gather information about “IKTEFA” initiative
and its role in enhancing the food security of the State of Qatar
...........................................................................................................................
Search and Learn ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

23
Lesson 2

Types of agriculture in the State of Qatar:

1. Open cultivation: ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:
It is known as open field cultivation. Currently, open field
Protected Agriculture:
cultivation represents the main percentage of agriculture in Product vegetables or
the State of Qatar, and among its most prominent crops are: ornamental plants in large
greenhouses made of light
fodder, vegetables, and grains plastic; To provide favorable
growing conditions and to
2. Protected Agriculture: protect crops from weather
fluctuations and sometimes
It appeared in the State of Qatar in 1976 AD, and among pests; Which helps to produce
the most prominent crops that are grown in this type are: plants during non-normal
seasons.
cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, and ornamental flowers.

Protected cultivation of local vegetables in the State of Qatar

Umm Ghuwailina project for planting green fodders

24
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

The most important agricultural crops in Qatar:

Product Production ratio % Self-sufficiency ratio %

Cereal 3 7.00
Green fodders 57 13.50
Vegetables 18 16.4
Fruits 2 5
Date Palm 20 86.6
Table (2) Agricultural production and self-sufficiency ratio in the State of Qatar 2017 AD

‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

fruits Qatar ranked first in the Arab

Date palms
world and 22nd globally in the
20 Global Food Security Index for
2018, issued by the Economist
Intelligence Unit for research.
57
18

Figure (2) Source: Planning and Statistics Authority - Agricultural

Statistics 2017 AD

25
Lesson 2

Using the table and graph, answer the following:

1. Determine the highest and lowest productivity crops in the
State of Qatar.
..................................................................................................................
2 .Give reasons for the important of cultivating green fodder
Observe and Calculate crops.
..................................................................................................................
3.In your opinion, has Qatar achieved food self-sufficiency?
..................................................................................................................

Second: Animal and Fish Production:

1. Animal Production:
Livestock is an essential source of food; It provides meat and dairy products, as well as wool
and leather for industries. The numbers of animals in the State of Qatar can be identified
through the following graph.

1000.000
932.472

800.000
‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

Poultry Production:
A new development was
600.000 witnessed during 2018 by
granting licenses to 24 projects,
382.423 12 of which are currently
400.000 operating, producing 9000
tons of chicken meat, as the
production will increase to be
28 thousand tons of chicken in
200.000 105.387 2019 AD and 23 thousand tons
24.958 7.333 of table eggs.

Figure (3) Number of Animals in Qatar in 2017 AD

26
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

- Calculate the total number of Animals in the State of Qatar.

........................................................................................................................
Observe and Calculate: ........................................................................................................................

Challenges Facing Animal Production:

1. The limited area of natural pastures.
2. Few farms of fodder and water resources.
3. Hot climatic conditions.
4. Low production of local animal breeds, which led to a decrease in animal production

Enrichment
“The State of Qatar faces many challenges in the direction of
self-sufficiency in animal production.”
In light of this phrase, write a number of proposals to deal
with challenges
Think and Suggest: ........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................

Efforts of the State of Qatar to encourage animal production

and achieve sustainability:

Improving Establishing Establishing Increasing

local breeds a company advanced farms the local
to raise animals,
and providing specialized such as: production of
veterinary care in foreign livestock through
for animals investment in the Al-Raqiya for
breeding cows the private sector
field of livestock and dairy pro- (Al azb complex )
(Hassad Food) duction, and
Umm Qarn for
the production of
eggs and white
meat.
27
Lesson 2

2. Fish production:

Note the map in Figure (4) then answer the following questions:

Observe and Answer

Figure (4) Fisheries in the State of Qatar

Where are the fisheries in the State of Qatar? And why?

Fishing was one of the main occupations of the people of the State of Qatar in the past. This is
due to the most of the cities located on the Qatari coasts due to the vastness of the waterfront in
the east. In addition, Al akhwar, bays and Al Dohat provided a suitable environment for fishing.

28
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

The State of Qatar’s production of fisheries has reached 15.3

thousand tons in 2017 AD, and this production is still not sufficient
for the needs of the population, as the percentage of self-sufficiency
represents 31.7 % of the production. ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

Efforts of the State of Qatar to develop fisheries wealth and The strategy of the Ministry of
achieve sustainability: Municipality and Environment
2017-2022 is based on achieving
1. Enact laws that preserve the protection of fisheries and the marine food security from fish through
environment. the establishment of 13 fish
farms to produce fish and a
2. Establishing commercial fish farms that contribute to increasing shrimp farm, achieving an
local fish production. estimated production of 7,500
tons annually, and to achieve
3. Exploring new fisheries in the territorial waters of the State of Qatar. self-sufficiency in fish production.
4. Establishment of a research center for the development of fishing
and the development of the fish farming sector.

Enrichment
Through your previous study of agricultural, animal and
fish production, answer the following:
1. Has Qatar achieved self-sufficiency in food production?
.................................................................................................................
2. Suggest possible solutions to achieve food security and
Think and Answer reduce food imports.
.................................................................................................................

29
Lesson 2

Third: The Petroleum (Oil):

The oil extraction sector is one of the most important economic
sectors in Qatar, as it represents an important source of income.
The history of oil exploration in the State of Qatar goes back Qatar Petroleum:
is a national government
to the year 1935 AD when Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani ownd coporation ,establishe
granted a license to explore for oil to the Anglo-Persian Company. in 1974 , it was renamed as
Qatar Petroleum in2001,
The first shipment of oil was exported in 1949 AD from the formely known as Qatar Gen-
eral Petroleum Company .it
onshore Dukhan field. is responsible for exploration
,drilling and extraction of oil
in Qatar.

Oil fields in the State of Qatar:

There are many oil fields in Qatar, and Qatar has reserves of 25.5 billion barrels.

Observe the following map in Figure (5) and answer the questions that follow:

Observe and Answer

Figure (5) Oil fields in the State of Qatar

30
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

1. List types of Qatari oil fields.

.....................................................................................................................................................................

We can conclude the following from the previous map:

‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

Al Bunduq Field:
Qatar oil fields It represents the only joint
oil field in the State of Qatar,
located in the east of the State
of Qatar, and its production
Onshore field Offshore fields is divided equally with the
United Arab Emirates, and its
oil is exported directly from
............................
DUKHAN FIELD ............................
Al-Karkara the field.

Al Bunduq ............................
Al-Rayyan ............................
Idd al shargi _NE ............................
Idd al Shargi_SE

............................ ............................
Al Khalij ............................
Maydan Mahzam Al Shaheen Field

Dukhan Field Al Shaheen Field

31
Lesson 2

Learn about the production of oil fields in the State of Qatar

through the following chart
barrel per day
350000
330000
Observe and Answer 300000
300000

250000

200000

150000
120000
100000
68000
50000 38000 30000
12000 9000 13000
0 Dukhan Idd Bul Maydan Al Shaheen Rayyan Al-Khalij Al- Karkara Al Bunduq
El-Shargi Hanine Mahzam

Figure (6) Qatar oil fields production (barrel/day)

1. The most productive fields.

...............................................................................................................
2. The least productive fields.
...............................................................................................................

32
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

Fourth: Natural Gas:

‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

Natural gas exists in two

The State of Qatar began to exploit the natural gas existed forms; The first: it is found in
individual fields. The second:
in Dukhan field and the offshore fields in the early 1960s. it is the natural gas associated
with oil, meaning that its
Qatar has used the natural gas in desalination plants, production is linked to an
generating electric power, managing modern factories, and increase or decrease in oil
production.
for domestic uses.

Qatar’s Production of
Natural Gas:
-Qatar ranks first in the Arab
world and fourth in the world
in natural gas production after
the United States, Russia and
Iran, with a total of 167 billion
cubic meters in 2017 AD.

Qatar is the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas in the world, with a total of 77.2 million tons.

Country Productivity ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬

For Your Information:
United Nations 750
Liquefied Natural Gas:
It is a natural gas that has
Russia 628 been treated and liquefied
by cooling to convert it from
Iran 190 the gaseous state to the liquid
state in order to facilitate its
transportation and export.
Qatar 167
Table (3) Natural gas production for the first four ranks globally, in billion cubic
meters for the year 2017 AD

33
Lesson 2

The most important Qatari natural gas fields:

- North Gas Field:
This field is considered one of the largest single non-associated natural gas fields in the
world. It is located in the north-east of the State of Qatar, with an area of 6,000 square
kilometers, and the North Field gas represents about 60% of Qatari exports.

34
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

Natural gas reserves in the State of Qatar:

Qatar ranks third in global reserves after Russia and Iran, with a total of 24.7 billion cubic meters

50
50

40
40 38.9
38.9

31.9
31.9
30
30
24.7
24.7

20
20

11.9
11.9
10
10

00
Russia
‫روسيا‬ Iran
‫ان‬‫إير‬ Qatar
‫قطر‬ ‫املتحدة‬USA
‫الواليات‬
‫األمريكية‬

Figure (8) Natural gas reserves for the first four ranks globally in billion cubic meters for the year 2018 AD.

Qatar›s efforts to achieve sustainability in oil and natural gas:

1. Optimum exploitation of oil and gas through a balance between production and reserves.
2. Developing the gas industry as a source of clean energy in the State of Qatar.
3. Preserving strategic reserves of oil and gas to achieve national security and sustainable development

Rationalization of consumption and proper

utilization of resources
discussed “The rationalization of consumption and the proper utilization of
in the lesson:
resources contribute to achieving self-sufficiency and sustainable
development”, in the light of this:
Discuss with your teacher and classmates the importance of rationalizing
consumption and its role in achieving self-sufficiency, then
Discuss your role in achieving self-sufficiency in food.
35
Lesson 2

Remember
First: Agricultural Production

Agriculture in the State of Qatar faces a number

of challenges: Efforts of the State of Qatar to
achieve the development of the
1. Lack of arable land. agricultural sector
2. Qatar’s location in the desert area.
1. Establishment of agricultural
3. The high level of salinity in groundwater.
reserves.
4.Lack of investment in the agricultural sector. 2. Attracting capital to invest in
Types of Agriculture in the State of Qatar agriculture.
1. open cultivation. 2. Protected agricultures. 3. Supporting the agricultural
The most important agricultural crops product with programs, exhibitions
Cereal - fodder - vegetables - fruits – Date palm and projects.

Second: Animal Production

Animal production faces several challenges:

1. The limited area of natural pastures.
2. Lack of fodder farms and water resources. Qatar›s efforts to develop
3. Hot climatic conditions. fish wealth
4. Low production of animal breeds
1. Legislating laws that protect fisheries.
2. Establishing commercial fish farms.
3. Exploring new fisheries.
Efforts of the State of Qatar to encourage 4. Establishing of research centers for
animal production fish farming and development
1- Improving local breeds. 2- establishing
companies to invest in livestock. 3- Establishing of
advanced farms For raising animals. 4- Increasing
the local production of livestock

36
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

Third: Petroleum
Oil exploration represents an important
source of income, in the State of Qatar
there are many Petroleum fields (onshore
and offshore).

Natural Gas

Qatar ranks first in the Arab world and fourth globally in gas
production, and third in global reserves.
Qatar is the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas in the world.
The most important Qatari natural gas field is the North Gas Field

The efforts of the State of Qatar to achieve

sustainability in oil and natural gas
• Optimum utilization through a balance between
production and reserves.
• Developing the gas industry as a source of clean energy.
• Preserving a strategic reserve to achieve national security.
• Rationalizing of consumption and achieving self-sufficiency.

37
Lesson 2

Activities and Exercises

Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. Irkaya farm in the State of Qatar is known for breeding:
a- Camels b- Goats
c- Cows d- sheep
2. Onshore oil field in Qatar is:
a- Dukhan b- Al Bunduq
c- Al-Khalij d- Shaheen
3. Which of the following crops is the most productive in the State of Qatar?
a- Wheat b- Fodder
c- Fruits d- Vegetables
4. The Most of animal’s husbandry by the State of Qatar are:
a- Camels b- Goats
c- Cows d- sheep
Question 2: : Identify the following concepts:
1. Food security.
............................................................................................................................................................................................
The states ability to provide citizens food from their own local production.

2. Self-sufficiency.
............................................................................................................................................................................................
The states ability to provide its populations needs without having to import from abroad

Question 3: : How do you explain:

1. Qatar›s development of the natural gas industry.
............................................................................................................................................................................................
It started in the 1960s in the Dukhan field and other offshore fields from the northern gas industry

2. The oil explore sector is one of the most important economic sectors in Qatar
Oil was discovered in 1939 in the Dukhan field and the first shipment of oil was in 1949 AD
............................................................................................................................................................................................
From the Dukhan port.Qatar is rich in oil.

38
Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

Exercises

Question 4: Answer the following questions:

1 - What are the efforts of the state of Qatar to achieve the Sustainability in oil and natural gas‫؟‬
Balance between production and reserves
............................................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................

2- Mention the efforts of the State of Qatar to encourage animal production.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

3- The state of Qatar is making many efforts to develop fisheries. Explain.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

Question 5: Write what the numbers indicate on the following map of the State of Qatar.

1- field
.................................................
Al-Khalij

2- field
.................................................
North Gas field

3- field
Shaheen girls
.................................................

4- field
Idd al shargi (se)
.................................................

5- field
.................................................
Dukhan field

39
Lesson 2

Exercises

Question 6: Analyze the figure in front of you, and extract three facts about oil pro-
duction in the state of Qatar:

Production of the oil fields in the State of Qatar

............................................................................................................................................................................................

40
Lesson 3:

Social Change in Qatari

Community and its Factors

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Recognize social change and its types in Qatari Community.
Conclude the factors of social change in Qatari Community

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Social change I am proud of my country’s

path and its access to the ranks
of developed countries, while
preserving its identity and heritage.
Lesson 3

Social Change in Qatari Community and its Factors

Change is a natural feature to which all the natural aspects of the universe and human life
are subjected. Societies and human civilizations have developed and their cultural, social and
political features have changed throughout history. Human, in his constant seeking to provide
a better life, works to change and develop the features of that life, especially social life.

Enrichment:
A- Compare the Qatari Community in the past and the present in terms of
1 - Living style..........................2- Family type ........................
3- Means of communication................................................
Discus and Answer B- Explain your view of these differences between the past and the present.
........................................................................................................................

First: Definition of Social Change

Social change is represented in the shifts that occur in any of the social aspects in a specific
period in a society, such as customs, cultures, relationships and different roles.
Second: Types of Social Change in the Qatari Community:
1- Quantitative Change:
The shift in the number, distribution and composition of individuals, the rate of production and
the number of expatriates.
2- Qualitative Change:
It is the shift in the way in which members of society live and the way of interaction between
them, such as values, customs, traditions and the role of the family.
42
Social Change in Qatari Community and its Factors

Third: Factors (Causes) of Social Change:

Qatari Community, like other societies in the world, has undergone change and development.
Social change in Qatari Community is due to a number of factors, including:

1- The Economic Factor

Economic development has played the most prominent role in bringing changes in Qatari
Community. As the society moved during a short period from a community that practiced limited
activities to a community in which economic activities varied, various professional specializations
appeared, and economic development contributed to a rise in the standard of living and a change
in consumption patterns.

Is there a relationship between the discovery of oil in the State of Qatar

and social change, Explain?
...............................................................................................................................
Discuss and Answer

2- The Demographic Factor (Population):

It is represented in the transformation of Qatari community in a short period from a simple
community consisting of several tribes to a civilized community inhabiting cities. The population
structure has changed as a result of the influx of large numbers of expatriates in order to work in
various economic activities. This resulted in a change in different lifestyles.

3- Technological Factor:
Technology is a major source of social change. Because of their direct impact on social life,
and the behavior of individuals and their social relations, such as means of communication and
transportation, for example: social networking sites have a significant impact on the nature of
social relations between members of community.

43
Lesson 3

Enrichment: - What are the aspects of the impact of social networking sites on
social relations between members of community?
................................................................................................................................................
- How can technology be invested in bringing about the required
social changes at the personal or societal level?
Think and Discuss
................................................................................................................................................
- Discuss with your teacher the criteria for judging the correctness
of information shared on social media.
................................................................................................................................................

4- Education Factor:
Education is one of the most important factors of change in Qatari community. As it constitutes
a reason for social change through the change in attitudes and adaptation to life’s problems, for
example, Qatari society’s attitudes towards family size (from extended to primary) and towards
marriage traditions, the view of women’s work, and their role in society have changed.

Lesson Project: Changing Is Essential

The Greek philosopher Heraclitus said: “Existence is constantly changing.”
Collaborate with your classmates to prepare a research on the application of
this statement to Qatari community, supporting your opinion with an evidence.

44
Social Change in Qatari Community and its Factors

Remember

Definition of Social Change

Social change is the shifts that occur in any of the
social aspects in a specific period in a society.

Types of Social change in Qatar

- Quantitative change: the number of individuals, their
distribution and composition, and the number of expatriate.
- Qualitative change: the way in which members of society
live and the way of interaction between them, such as values,
customs, traditions and the role of the family.

Factors of social change in Qatari community

- The economic Factor - The demographic (Population) factor.

- Technological factor - The Education Factor

45
Lesson 3

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1: Search and extract.

Social development means equal educational and work opportunities for all citizens, regardless of
their background and gender. Social progress is also represented in a tolerant and just community
that adopts the Islamic values of peace, justice, social solidarity, and charitable work. The Qatar
National Vision 2030 seeks to make Qatar a role model, whether at the regional or global levels,
with an emphasis on consolidating of its cultural role in the Middle East and the world.
- In light of the previous text, visit the Learning Resource Center, and search the Qatar Vision 2030
about the most important values of Qatari community.

Activity 2: Think and summarize the factors of social change in Qatar in the form of
a mind map of your design.

46
Social Change in Qatari Community and its Factors

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. the shift in the way in which members of community live, is the ……...change
a- quantitative b- qualitative
c- cultural d- technological
2. The most prominent role in bringing about changes in Qatari community is due to
the………… factor:
a- educational b- population
c- social d- economical

Question 2: Answer the following questions:

1- Define the Social Change.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

2- Technology is considered to be a major source of social change, prove.

....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................

3- Economic development has played a prominent role in bringing about changes in Qatari
community, explain.
....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................

47
Lesson 3

Second: Exercises

Question 3: Indicate the factor that is responsible for bringing about the following
changes in the Qatari community:

1- Attitudes:...........................................................................................................................................

2- Population increase: ........................................................................................................................

3- The high standard of living: ..........................................................................................................

Question 4: Complete the following figure:

Factors of social change in Qatari community

48
Lesson 4:

Social and Economic Security

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Determine the components of social and economic security for the Qatari community.
Explain the role of the various national institutions in achieving the social and economic
security of the State of Qatar.
Appreciate the impact of national identity in consolidating social and economic security.

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Social Security, Economic The law has an important role
Security, Public Opinion. in regulating human relations in
order to achieve social security,
so I strive to respect and apply
the law in my life.
Lesson 4

Social and Economic Security

Achieving security enhances belonging to the state, as it is the protector of individuals› lives,
property, and hopes for a decent life. It is one of the basic components for the success of the
development process in various fields. Therefore, the security of society is one of the basics of
life, and its absence leads to many obstacles and instability.

First: Social Security:

Social security is represented in securing the stability and cohesion of community, by
protecting its material and moral gains.

Qatari Social Security Components:

Social security is based on components that are considered fundamental in various
aspects of life and are represented in the following fignre:

1. Rule of Law. 2. Social Solidarity.

3. Coexistence. 4. Economic Cooperation.

5. Sense of Responsibility. 6. Citizenship.

50
Social and Economic Security

The Role of National Institutions

In Achieving Social Security in the State of Qatar:

- Educational Institutions: Prepare young people socially, psychologically and cognitively to

be good citizens. Qatar Vision 2030 has emphasized the role of education in meeting the needs
of community.
- Judicial and Security Agencies: Through the application of the law, which contributes to
establishing the rules of justice and equality in society. The judicial authority in the State of
Qatar assumes the jurisdiction of the judiciary, in a manner that ensures the achievement of
justice in society and guarantees rights and freedoms.
- Religious Institutions: Emphasizes the role of the mosque in providing guidance and
counseling to the community.
- Youth Clubs and Associations: They are concerned in guiding the energies of young people
to science and work, discovering talents and directing energies, by providing purposeful
activities and voluntary work that benefit the society.
- Media: Contribute to finding and guiding public opinion.
- Civil Society Organizations: Represented by Qatar Social Work Foundation, which aims
to provide services in the social field, the most important of which are family, rehabilitation,
advisory, legal and psychological services through its affiliated centers.

Enrichment
Mention the most important institutions affiliated with Qatar Social
Work Foundation, and their role in achieving social security
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Search and Learn .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

51
Lesson 4

Second: Economic Security:

It is the ability to protect and secure the economic interests of the state, and to provide the
means for progress and prosperity for the citizen.

Components of Qatari Economic Security:

1. Availability of energy sources: Represented in petroleum
and natural gas, the main driver of the industry nowadays.
2. Availability of the necessary financial resources to
implement major economic projects in all fields.
3. Availability of trained and qualified national human
resources.
4. Qatar’s openness to the outside world: thanks to its wise
leadership, and the encouragement of giant companies in
developed countries to set up their projects in the State of Qatar, and to develop Qatari industries.

Enrichment Qatar Energy and Industry in the State of Qatar is developing an

implementing a strategy for renewable energy.
- What is the importance of the state’s adoption of renewable energy projects?
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Search and Discuss - What is the relationship of this trend to the great challenge related to energy
security?
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The Role of Economic Institutions in Achieving Economic Security:

1. Set general policies: In the economic, financial, commercial and energy fields, through the

Supreme Council for Economic Affairs and Investment.

2. Enhance economic activity: In accordance with global economic development, and provide the

appropriate climate for investment through the Qatar Financial and Business Centers.

52
Social and Economic Security

3. Investing in global markets: and outside the energy sec-

tor in Qatar, which is the role played by the Qatar Investment

Authority.
4. Participation in the financing of industrial projects:

Through the Qatar Development Bank.

5. Advancement and development of the agricultural

sector: Through the Ministry of Municipality to contribute to

achieving self-sufficiency in strategic food commodities, with
the aim of reducing dependence on imports in the face of any
Qatar Development Bank
emergency conditions, and is also working to take the neces-
sary measures to preserve marine resources.

Enrichment
The agricultural sector in the ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:
State of Qatar faces major
challenges and obstacles, identify Hassad Food:
One of the Qatar Investment
the most important of these Authority companies, which
challenges, and then evaluate the mainly depends on investing
Search and Learn in distinguished global mar-
efforts made by the government kets in order to provide food
sources for the State of Qatar
to face these challenges. by meeting local require-
ments.

Enrichment - Mention other economic institutions that contribute to achieving

economic security in the State of Qatar.
................................................................................................................................................................................................................

53
Lesson 4

It was stated in the speech

of His Highness Sheikh
Tamim bin Hamad Al
Read and Discuss Thani, the Amir of the
State of Qatar on July 21,
2017, in light of the Gulf
crisis:
“We are called to open
our economy to initiatives and investment so that we produce our food
and medicine, diversify our sources of income, and achieve our economic
independence within bilateral relations of cooperation with other coun-
tries, in our geographical surroundings and in the whole world, on the
basis of common interests and mutual respect.”
− Discuss the steps emphasized by the Amir of the country as a means of
achieving national and economic security.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The impact of pride of the national identity

on consolidating social and economic security: ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:
Identity pride contributes to increasing society’s ability to
For Your Information:
face social and economic challenges through: Article 28 of the Constitution
of Qatar: The state guarantees
1. Support the values of loyalty and belonging. freedom of economic activity
on the basis of social justice and
2. Rehabilitation of society to face extraneous customs and values. balanced cooperation between
3. Enhance positive interaction with other cultures. public and private activity to
achieve economic and social de-
4. Diversify the Qatari economy and ensuring its stability and sustainability. velopment, increase production,
achieve prosperity for citizens,
5. Find a balance between an economy that depends on energy and an raise their standard of living, and
provide them with job oppor-
economy that is more dependent on knowledge. tunities, in accordance with the
provisions of the law.
6. Respect human rights, activate the rule of law, and fight corruption.

54
Social and Economic Security

The Relationship Between Security and Identity

Issue The relationship between security and identity is a reciprocal relationship,
of the lesson:
as achieving security, whether social or economic, helps to achieve stability
and a sense of security, and to achieve social justice among members of so-
ciety, which establishes the values of loyalty, belonging and pride in identity.
The interest in instilling the values of pride in the national identity contrib-
utes to achieving social and economic security.
In light of the previous phrase:

-Discuss with your teacher the relationship between security and identity.

-Give a number of proposals to establish social and economic security.

55
Lesson 4

Remember

Social Security:

To ensure the stability and

cohesion of society.

Economic Security:

The ability to protect and secure

the economic interests of the state.

The Role of National Organizations in

Achieving Social Security in Qatar Qatari Social Security
Components:
- Educational Institutions (Preparation of young people). 1. Rule of Law.
- Judicial Authorities (Law Enforcement). 2. Social Solidarity.
- Religious Institutions (Provide guidance and counseling).
- Youth Clubs and Associations (Guide the energies of youth). 3. Coexistence.
- Media (Guide public opinion). 4. Sense of Responsibility.
- Civil Society Institutions (Provide family and rehabilitation 5. Economic Cooperation
services). 6. Citizenship.

56
Social and Economic Security

The impact of pride in the national identity on consolidating

social and economic security:
1. Support the values of loyalty and belonging.
2. Rehabilitation of society to face extraneous customs and values.
3. Enhance positive interaction with other cultures.
4. Diversify the Qatari economy and ensuring its stability and sustainability.
5. Find a balance between an economy that depends on energy and an
economy that is more dependent on knowledge.
6. Respect human rights, activate the rule of law, and fight corruption.

The Role of Economic Institutions in

Achieving Economic Security: Components of Qatari
Economic Security:
1. Set general policies 1. Availability of energy sources.
2. Enhance economic activity 2. Availability of the necessary
3. Invest in global markets financial resources.
4. Participation in the financing of industrial projects 3. Availability of human
resources.
5. Advancement and development of the agricultural sector
4. Qatar’s openness to the outside
world.

57
Lesson 4

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1: Think and Write

Write a five-sentence paragraph, expressing the level of social security that the Qatari
people feel.

Activity 2: Cooperate and Suggest

Cooperate with your classmate to write proposals that explain how you contribute in
developing the economy of the State of Qatar.

58
Social and Economic Security

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. Setting public policies in the economic is the task of:
a. Supreme Council for Economic Affairs b. Qatar Financial and Business Centre
and Investment
c. Qatar Investment Authority d. Qatar Development Bank
2. The Authority working to participate in the financing of industrial projects in the State of Qatar:
a. Qatar Investment Authority b. Qatar Development Bank
c. The Ministry of the Municipality d. Qatar Energy

3. The Institution that prepares young people socially, psychologically and cognitively:
a. Security b. Educational
c. Religious d. Media
4. The Authority that contributes to creating and directing public opinion:
a. Media b. Clubs
c. Mosques d. Universities

Question 2: Answer the following:

1 –List the components of social security in the State of Qatar.

...............................................................................................................................................................................

2 – Mention the components of economic security in the State of Qatar.

...............................................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................
59
Lesson 4

Exercises

Question 3: Explain the role of each of the following national institutions in achieving
social and economic security:
1. Security Services and Judiciary
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Youth Clubs and Associations

3. Qatar Development Bank

4. The Ministry of the Municipality

Question 4: Define the following:

1. Social Security
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Economic Security
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Question 5: The State is making great efforts so that citizens enjoy social and economic security.

- Write a sentence expressing your appreciation for the efforts of the State of Qatar in the field
of social and economic security.
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

60
Lesson 5:

The Industrial Sector of the

State of Qatar

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Explain the national production of the State of Qatar.
Explain the role of national industry in Qatar’s economy.

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

I appreciate Qatar’s efforts to
National industry develop the national industry and
investing capital in it.
Lesson 5

Industrial Sector
The industrial sector represents one of the most
important economic sectors in Qatar, so it has been
given a great attention through promoting national
industry and using the available natural raw materi-
als. This is due to:
1. Plentiful Oil and natural gas reserves and raw
materials
2. Providing job opportunities, and improving
income and standard of living for Qatari people.
3. Diversifying sources of income and reducing de-
pendence on oil and natural gas.
4. Investing national funds safely and away from
external risks such as economic crises that occur
in the world.

Manufacturing Industry in Qatar

62
The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar

The main industrial areas of Qatar:

1. As a result of Qatar’s growing interest in industry, during the past years several in-
dustrial areas and zones were established from the south to the north of the country.
Observe the following map in figure (1):

Figure (1) map – The main industrial areas of Qatar

63
Lesson 5

We conclude from figure (1) map that the main industrial zones in the State of Qatar are:

1 - Mesaieed Industrial City,

It is the first and oldest industrial city in Qatar and

it is a hub for chemical fertilizer industry……………..,
…………………,……………,…………………… and
It also hosts Mesaieed port for exporting industrial products.
Mesaieed Industrial City

Enrichment Use the internet to answer the following questions:

In which year was Mesaieed Industrial City established?
..............................................................................................................................................
What services are available in Mesaieed Industrial City?
Search and Answer ..............................................................................................................................................

2 - Ras Laffan Industrial City

It is the latest industrial city in Qatar, and it includes many

industries, including: …………….Industry,………….and……….. It also
hosts an industrial and commercial port, which is one of the larg-
est ports for exporting natural gas in the world.
Ras Laffan Industrial City

64
The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar

3 - Doha Industrial Area :

This Area focuses on light manufacturing or industries and it consists of two industrial zones new and
old. It also hosts many industries, like: ……………., ……………, ………….,………….. and ……………..

4 - Umm Bab Area :

It is one of the industrial cities in Qatar, located in the west, and it hosts…………………… industry because
of the abundance of limestone, shale and energy from the nearby Dukhan field

1- Explain:
a. Mesaieed City is the first industrial city in the State of Qatar
..............................................................................................................................................
b. Ras Lafan industrial city is the home to liquified natural gas
industry.
Think and Answer ..............................................................................................................................................
c. list a number of light industries that are based in Doha Industrial
City?
..............................................................................................................................................

65
Lesson 5

The main national industries in Qatar :

The national industries of the State of Qatar are diverse, in which

they can be identified through the data in table (1) below: ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
Concepts I learn :

National industries:
Refer to the industries that are
completely manufactured in Qatar.

No Industry Production capacity

1 liquefied natural gas ) million tons yearly(77.2
2 Petroleum refining )million barrels yearly( 50
3 petrochemical )thousand metric tons yearly( 1733.4
4 Iron and steel )thousand tons yearly( 6119.7
5 cement )million tons yearly( 6.5
6 chemical fertilizer )thousand metric toms yearly( 9043.3
7 aluminum )thousand tons yearly( 736

What are the main national industries

of Qatar ?
‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For your information
...............................................................................
............................................................................... Qatar National Cement Company
was established in 1965
What is the national industry that you in Umm Bab area .
Search and Learn think will increase its production in
the future? and why
...............................................................................
...............................................................................

66
The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar

Efforts exerted by Qatar to promote the industrial sector:

1. Developing and strengthening the industrial sector in order to diversify sources of

income.
2. Encouraging investment in the industrial sector and providing a supportive
environment.
3. Building industrial cities in Qatar connecting them to a strong infrastructure.
4. Supporting and encouraging national industries.
5. Conducting scientific researches to develop the technologies of the oil and gas
industry in Qatar in cooperation with the Exxon Mobil Center.

”National Product“
a campaign for supporting Qatar local production

Implementing the principle of sustainability in the industrial sector:

Qatar aims to achieve sustainable development in the industrial sector through:
1. Reducing the percentage of pollution resulting from factories, through the use of air
purifiers in factory chimneys, as in the Ras Laffan area.
2. Reducing the water temperature used to cool machines in factories to preserve the
marine environment and fisheries.
3. Recycling of factories waste and iron scrap.

Choose one of the Qatari industries and give suggestions to further

develop that industry.
..............................................................................................................................................
Think and Suggest ..............................................................................................................................................

67
Lesson 5

Remember

Industrial sector is one of the most important

economic sectors in Qatar, due to......
1- Plentiful Oil and natural gas reserves.
2- Providing job opportunities, and improving income and standard of living
3- Diversifying sources of income
4- Investing national funds safely and away from external risks

The main industrial areas

of Qatar :
• Mesaieed.
• Ras Laffan.
• Industrial Doha.
• Umm Bab

68
The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar

The main national

industries of Qatar
Liquefied Natural Gas - Petroleum
Refining -Petrochemicals - Iron
and Steel - Cement - Chemical
Fertilizer - Aluminum

Efforts exerted by Qatar to promote the industrial sector:

1 2 3 4 5

Conducting
scientific
Developing Supporting
Encouraging researches to
and Building and
investment in develop the
strengthening industrial encouraging
the industrial technologies
the industrial cities in Qatar. national
sector. of the oil and
sector industries.
gas industry in
Qatar

69
Lesson 5

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1: Write a report using the internet on the role of the “Made in Qatar
2018” exhibition at Oman Convention Center in supporting national industries and
promoting the national product outside Qatar

.................................................................................................................................................................

Activity 2:
Draw a mental map showing the most important industrial areas of Qatar.

70
The Industrial Sector of the State of Qatar

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. It is the first and oldest industrial city in Qatar:
a. Mesaieed. b. Doha Industrial.
c. Umm Bab. d. Al Khor.

2. There are natural gas liquefaction plants in the city of:

a. Ras Laffan b. Dukhan
c. Umm Salal d. Al Wakrah

3. One of the most important national industries in the State of Qatar:

a. Cars b. Textiles
c. Medicine d. Petroleum refining

Question 2: Explain:

1. Industry is considered as on of the most important economic sectors in Qatar

71
Lesson 5

Exercises

Question 3: Answer the following questions:

- list the efforts exerted by Qatar to promote the industrial sector.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
- How does Qatar implement the principle of sustainability in the industrial sector?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

Question 4: Below is a blank map of Qatar, pinpoint the location of the following
industrial cities by placing their number on the map:
1. The Industrial area west of Doha.
2- Ras Laffan Industrial City.
3- Dukhan Industrial City.
4- Mesaieed Industrial City.
5- Umm Bab Industrial City.

72
Lesson 6:

Primary Sources
of Human Rights

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Explain the Primary sources of human rights (Religion - Legislation - International Agreements)
Explain international human rights agreements issued by the United Nations system.
Extract the principles of human rights from the international agreements signed by the State of Qatar.
Appreciate the accession of the State of Qatar to International Organizations and Agreements.

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Human Rights, Respect the Constitution
International Agreements of Qatar, my country, and
appreciate the rights it
guarantees for the citizen.
Lesson 6

Primary Sources of Human Rights

Rights are born with the human and have been established and recognized by all divine
religions, international organizations and documents, and the interest in highlighting these rights
has gone through several stages throughout human history until it reached its current status.
The concept of Human Rights:
Human rights are rights inherent to all humans, whatever their nationality, residence, gender,
national or ethnic origin, color, religion or language.

Primary Sources of Human Rights:

There are many sources for human rights, some of which stem from divine laws, and some
are issued by legislation - legal, or confirmed by international agreements and covenant, and
summarized in the following figure:

fundamental Sources of Human Rights:

Religion

International Conventions and Agreements

Constitutions and National Legislations

First: Religion
Divine religions have been the first basis for the march of human rights since the dawn of history.
All divine laws have given human and his rights the first priority, and made human’s mission to
defend the rights of his fellow human, wherever and whenever, without any discrimination.

Enrichment
Islam has recognized the general rights and freedoms of all
people without discrimination.
- Search for Quranic verses that encourage respect for the
Search and Learn human rights.

74
Primary Sources of Human Rights

Human rights have the characteristics shown in the following figure:

The Human rights characteristics

The source of human Human rights in Islam

are divine grants from Human rights in
rights in Islam Allah to all of his Islam are fixed and
is Sharia. creation. comprehensive.

Allah the Almighty said:

Indeed, We have dignified the children of Adam, carried them on land and
sea, granted them good and lawful provisions, and privileged them far
Think and Answer above many of Our creatures.” [Al-Isra: Verse 70]
- The verse refers to one of the most important rights guaranteed by
Islam. What is this right?
..............................................................................................................................
- Are there other rights? mention them.
..............................................................................................................................

Among the most important rights guaranteed by the Islamic religion are the right to Life,
Dignity, Freedom, Education, Property, Dispose, and Work…
‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

Second: International Conventions and Agreements: A term called an international

agreement, and it is intended to
There are many international conventions and agreements establish legal rules binding on
related to human rights and political freedoms, whether at the its parties.
Conventions: a comprehensive
international or regional level, and these conventions are among term that includes agreements
the important sources of human rights. and covenant
The international agreements related to human rights are:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 AD:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the first
comprehensive human rights document issued by the United
Nations in the form of a recommendation that does not establish
any legal obligations , this declaration consists of guidlines for
countries to use when addressing human rights related issues.

75
Lesson 6

The declaration stated (30) articles that included ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬

For Your Information:

many rights, including: Human Rights Day is cele-

a. The right to Equality and Human Dignity. brated on 10 December every
year. This day symbolizes the
b. The right to Property. day the General Assembly, in
1948, adopted the Universal
c. The right to Education. Declaration of Human Rights.
d. Arbitrary Arrest and Detention is not permitted

Among the articles included in the Universal Declaration

of Human Rights:
- Article 03: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Read and Analyze - Article 07: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal
protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and
against any incitement to such discrimination.
- Article 17: Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as
in association with others. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his
property.
1. Mention the most important rights included in these articles.
..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
2. Refer to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and write
down other rights included in it?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

The Two International Covenants on Human Rights in 1966 AD:

Two International binding Covenants on Human Rights have been promulgated; The first is
related to civil and political rights and includes (53) articles, and the second is related to econom-
ic, social and cultural rights and includes (31) articles.

76
Primary Sources of Human Rights

‫ ‏‬hat distinguishes the two international covenants on human rights is that they place
W
specific legal obligations on the states that accede to them.

a. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights:

Among its most important rights are:
1. Right to Self-Determination.
2. Right to Life.
3. Abolition of Slavery.
4. Right to Equality
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:
Among its most important rights are:
1. Right to work.
2. Family Protection and Assistance.
3. Right to Education and Learning.
4. Right to Participate in Cultural and Scientific Life.

Qatar ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights on August 21-2018
What does that mean?
Think and Discuss ...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

Third: Constitutions and National Legislations:

The constitution is the supreme legislation in the states, as it has become the direct source for
preserving the rights and freedoms of individuals by setting controls that guarantee the protection of
human rights; Therefore, all laws came to implement mechanisms to preserve the rights and freedoms
of individuals.
The Constitution of Qatar contains many articles that preserve the rights of the citizen and protect
his freedom.
77
Lesson 6

Read these articles from the Qatari constitution, and answer the
questions that follow:
Article (18): Justice, benevolence, freedom, equality and high moral
Read and Answer standards are core values of the Qatari community.
Article (36): Personal freedom shall be guaranteed and no person may
be arrested, detained or searched, neither may his freedom of residence
and mobility be restricted, save under the provisions of the Law. No
person may be subjected to torture or any degrading treatment, and
torture shall be deemed a crime punishable by Law.
1. Mention the pillars upon which the Qatari community is based, as
stipulated in Article (18) of the permanent Constitution of Qatar.
....................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. What are the rights guaranteed by Article (36) of the permanent
Constitution of Qatar?
....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................

Basic principles of human rights:

Basic principles of human rights are as follows:

Human rights are

constantly evolving

Human rights are Human rights are

common rights neither bought nor sold
Basic principles
of human rights
Human rights Human rights are the
are indivisible and same for all human
interdependent Human rights cannot
beings
be waived or derogated
from

78
Primary Sources of Human Rights

Efforts of the State of Qatar in the promotion and dissemination of human rights:
First: International human rights instruments:
The State of Qatar has ratified and acceded to a package of basic human rights agreements,
foremost of which are:
1. Agreements (anti-racist discrimination, all forms of discrimination against women, anti-
torture, children›s rights, protection of persons with disabilities, combating human trafficking,
and promoting diversity of cultural expressions).
2. Conventions relating to the protection of human rights in the work environment issued by the
International Labor Organization, represented by agreements (forced labor, equal wages and
employment, and others). The Four, the Additional Protocols
3. A large number of international humanitarian law conventions, including the four treaties of
Geneva Conventions and their Commentaries, and two additional protocols which are related to
international and non-international armed conflicts.
4. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on
Economic and Social Rights
Second: Regional Instruments:
1. The Arab Charter on Human Rights (ACHR) for the year 2004, adopted by the sixteenth Arab
League Summit on May 23, 2004 AD.
2. The Arab Convention on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in 2012 AD.
3. Arab Agreement for the Protection of Copyright and Neighboring Rights in 2015 AD.

Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states:

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by
an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of
his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 35 of the Constitution of Qatar: All persons are equal
Discuss and Answer before the Law and there shall be no discrimination whatsoever
on grounds of gender, race, language or religion.
- What is the relationship between the two articles in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the Constitution of Qatar?
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................

79
Lesson 6

Third: The State of Qatar has established several ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬

For Your Information:
institutions concerned with human rights: National Human Rights
Committee(NHRC) in Qatar is a
Including what is affiliated with the government, such as: national official committee that
provides permeant consulting
a. Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Department of Human Rights. services to goverment entities in
State in relation to human tights
b. Ministry of Interior - Human Rights Department. and reviwe complaints submitted
by individuals or groups It has
Some of them are private institutions of public interest, such as: been rated A status internationally
National Human Rights Committee.

During the Qatar diplomatic crisis,

the name of the National Human Rights
Committee in Qatar emerged. It was
tasked with monitoring the humanitarian
effects of the blockade imposed by
Discuss and Answer neighboring countries on Qatar, given the
accompanying serious human rights violations. The blockade led to
a violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
As well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
and the International Covenant on Economic and Social Rights.

1. What is the role of the National Human Rights Committee in

defending those rights?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

80
Primary Sources of Human Rights

- Collaborate with your classmates in preparing a (photo report)

on human rights violations in the world, and the role of the
Lesson project
international community in them. You can display the report using
a Power Point program.

81
Lesson 6

Remember

Human rights are rights

inherent to all humans, Primary Sources of
whatever their nationality, Human Rights
place of residence, gender,
national or ethnic origin, • Religion
color, religion or language. • International Conventions
and Agreements
• Constitutions and national
legislation

Characteristics of human rights in Islam

• Its source is Sharia
• A divine gift to all Allah’s creation
• fixed and comprehensive

Human rights in international conventions

and agreements
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948.
• International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights of 1966.
• The International Covenant on Economic, Social
and Cultural Rights of 1966.

82
Primary Sources of Human Rights

Human rights in Constitutions and

national legislation

Constitution of Qatar
• Article 18 establishes the pillars of Qatari
community: Justice, benevolence, freedom,
equality and high moral standards are core
values of the Qatari community.
• Article 36 guarantees many rights.

Basic principles of
human rights
1- Human rights are neither bought
nor sold. Efforts of the State of Qatar in
2- Human rights are the same for all the promotion of human rights:
human beings.
3- Human rights are constantly
evolving. • Ratification of a number of
4- Human rights cannot be waived international instruments that
or derogated from . guarantee human rights.
5- Human rights are common rights.
6- Human rights are integral and • Ratification of a number of regional
indivisible. human rights instruments.
• Establishing human rights
institutions.

83
Lesson 6

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Question 1: Read Articles 1 and 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

in 1948 AD, and answer the following question:
Article (1): All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without
distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national
or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis
of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
sovereignty.
. - Explain the most important rights included in Articles 1 and 2 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 1948 AD:
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Question 2: Analyze both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Constitution
of Qatar, and extract the articles that express each right from the following:

Articles of the Universal Articles of the

Right
Declaration of Human Rights Constitution of Qatar
Freedom of expression
Freedom of religion
Freedom of movement
Right to education
Right to health
Economic rights

84
Primary Sources of Human Rights

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. Among the main sources of human rights:
a. Values and Ethics b. International Agreements
c. Joint Responsibility d. Principles of Coexistence

2. Among the private human rights institutions in the State of Qatar:

a. Human Rights Department b. Department of Human Rights
c. Qatar for Social Work Center d. National Human Rights Committee

3. The Department of Human Rights in the State of Qatar is affiliated with the Ministry of:
a. Interior b. Foreign Affairs
c. Municipality d. Education and Higher Education

4. A human rights document that does not establish any legal obligations:
a. The Two International Covenants on Human Rights b. Abolition of Forced Labor Convention
c. Universal Declaration of Human Rights d. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Question 2: Define Human Rights

.....................................................................................................................................

85
Lesson 6

Second: Exercises

Question 3: Answer the following:

1. Explain the characteristics of human rights in Islam.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. What is the difference between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
and the Two International Covenants on Human Rights?
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
3. Give examples of the most important rights included in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
4. Mention some of the international agreements related to human rights.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
5. List the basic human rights sources.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

86
Lesson 7:

Women’s and Children’s

Rights

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Explain the basic women’s and children’s rights as included in references
and international covenants.
Concepts I learn: Values I learn:
To appreciate the role of
Women›s Right women in community,
as they are an essential
partner in life, and the role
of the state in caring for and
nurturing children
Lesson 7

Women’s and Children’s Rights

First: Women’s Rights:
“Women represent half of community, and women’s participation in civil, political, economic, social
and cultural activities, whether at the national, regional or international levels, is her right.”

The concept of women’s rights:

It means those rights that preserve women’s humanity and dignity without any discrimination.

Women’s rights in Islam:

Islam has honored women, and this is evident in the following:
- It equated her with a man in terms of rights and duties in the Almighty’s saying: “Women
have rights similar to those of men equitably, although men have a degree above them.
And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.” [Al-Baqarah: Verse 228]
- Islam grants women their full and undiminished rights; Including care, education, property,
buying and selling and other rights.
- Islam urges kindness to women, for the Messenger of Allah (Allah’s blessing and peace be
upon him) commanded and said: “Act kindly toward women” [Tirmidhi transmitted it]

Women›s Rights in International Conventions:

International covenants guarantee the legal protection of women’s rights, due to the mistreat-
ment of women by the laws and customs of many countries, and the United Nations has taken
the responsibility of:
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in 1979 AD:
An international treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979 and
it consists of (30) articles.

88
Women’s and Children’s Rights

Part of Article (11) of the Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination against Women states the following:
- States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate
Read and Discuss discrimination against women in the field of employment in
order to ensure, on a basis of equality
of men and women, the same rights,
in particular: ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:
a. The right to work as an inalienable Her Highness Sheikha Moza
right of all human beings; bint Nasser Al-Missned
b. The right to the same employment sponsors conferences that aim
to discuss women›s issues, and
opportunities, including the applica- develop proposed solutions to
tion of the same criteria for selection the problems and challenges
in matters of employment; they face in the labor market.
c. The right to free choice of
profession and employment, the
right to promotion, job security and all benefits and conditions
of service and the right to receive vocational training and
retraining, including apprenticeships, advanced vocational
training and recurrent training;
d. The right to equal remuneration, including benefits, and to
equal treatment in respect of work of equal value, as well as
equality of treatment in the evaluation of the quality of work;
e. The right to social security, particularly in cases of retirement,
unemployment, sickness, invalidity and old age and other
incapacity to work, as well as the right to paid leave;
f. The right to protection of health and to safety in working
conditions, including the safeguarding of the function of
reproduction.
- What are the rights guaranteed by Article 11 of the
Convention? What is its importance to women?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….........

89
Lesson 7

Second: Children’s Rights:

Human rights apply to all age groups, and children have the same rights as adults.
Characteristics of the rights of the child:
The rights of the child are specific in that they are:
1. Rights that the child cannot claim, maintain or defend due to his inability to do so.
2. Rights that are not matched by duties on the part of the child, especially in his early years.
3. Primary rights of the child cannot be waived, whatever the reasons.

The basic rights of the child:

Prenatal rights:
It is represented in: Caring for the pregnant mother and taking care of her health and psycholog-
ical well-being.
Postpartum rights:
These rights extend from birth to adulthood, including:
a. Right to life, as it is not permissible to dispose of the newborn.
b. Right to Breastfeeding and Custody.
c. Right to Education. ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:
d. Right to Security.
Child: Every human being
e. Right to Expression and Participation. under the age of sixteen.
f. Right to Health and Environmental Care (Housing - Health...).

Child’s Rights in special cases:

Such as:
a. Cases of loss of family, breadwinner or shelter.
b. Situations of war and armed conflict.
c. Cases of serious diseases and disabilities.

90
Women’s and Children’s Rights

Child›s Rights in Islam:

Examples of Islam’s interest in children’s rights include:
a. Taking care of the child while he is a fetus in terms of care and the prohibition of abortion
except for the most urgent necessity.
b. Right to breast-feeding, Allah the Almighty said: “ Divorced mothers will breastfeed their offspring for
two whole years, for those who wish to complete the nursing of their child . The child’s father will provide
reasonable maintenance and clothing for the mother during that period . No one will be charged with
more than they can bear. No mother or father should be made to suffer for their child.” [Al-Baqarah: Verse 233]
c. Preserving the life of the child, Allah the Almighty said: “Do not kill your children for fear of poverty.
We provide for them and for you. Surely killing them is a heinous sin.” [Al-Isra: Verse 31]
d. The right to upbringing, attention and choosing an appropriate name.
e. Islam called for kindly treat orphan children, Allah the Almighty said: “So do not oppress the orphan”
[Ad-Duhaa: Verse 1]

Children›s rights in international conventions:

Such as:
1. The Geneva Declaration on the Rights of the Child in 1924 AD:
International interest in children’s rights began in 1924, when the League of Nations
adopted the Geneva Declaration on the Rights of the Child.

Geneva Declaration principles

Providing care,
Attention to the food, treatment, Raising a child
child’s physical encouragement and Providing help and
assistance to the Child protection to have a sense
and spiritual shelter for the child, from exploitation. of responsibility
and modifying his child at all times.
growth. towards his siblings.
behavior.

91
Lesson 7

2. Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1959 AD:

The General Assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of the Child” to enable the child
to enjoy a happy childhood in which he enjoys rights and freedoms, for the good of himself and
community, and it consists of 10 principles.

‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:

Universal Children›s Day was

proclaimed in 1954, and is
celebrated on 20 November
each year to promote interna-
tional interdependence, raise
awareness among children
around the world, and improve
children›s well-being. The title
of the celebration in 2019 was
“Children should not be bur-
dened with work in the fields,
but by achieving their dreams.

The seventh principle of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child

in 1959 stated the following:
The child is entitled to receive education, which shall be free
and compulsory, at least in the elementary stages. He shall be
given an education which will promote his general culture and
enable him, on a basis of equal opportunity, to develop his abilities,
Read and Discuss his individual judgement, and his sense of moral and social
responsibility, and to become a useful member of society.
The best interests of the child shall be the guiding principle
of those responsible for his education and guidance; that
responsibility lies in the first place with his parents.
The child shall have full opportunity for play and recreation,
which should be directed to the same purposes as education;
society and the public authorities shall endeavor to promote the
enjoyment of this right.

What are the most important rights included in this principle?

.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

92
Women’s and Children’s Rights

3. Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989:

Announced by a resolution of the General Assembly, this convention highlighted a great
interest in children, and included (54) articles.

Article 32 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child states:

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protected
from economic exploitation and from performing any work that
Read and Answer is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education,
or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual,
moral or social development.
2. States Parties shall take legislative, administrative, social and
educational measures to ensure the implementation of the present
article. To this end, and having regard to the relevant provisions of
other international instruments, States Parties shall in particular:
a. Provide for a minimum age or minimum age for admission to
employment;
b. Provide for appropriate regulation of the hours and conditions of
employment;
c. Provide for appropriate penalties or other sanctions to ensure the
effective enforcement of the present article.

What is the basic right that Article 32 of the Convention focuses on?
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................

Explain the manifestations of Qatar’s commitment to the rights of the

child to education.
..............................................................................................................................
Think and Answer ..............................................................................................................................

Efforts of the State of Qatar to promote the women’s and children’s rights:
The State of Qatar attaches great importance to women’s and children’s rights at all local, regional and
international levels, as an integral part of human rights, which is evidenced by the following:
1. The Constitution of Qatar affirms the women’s and children’s rights, as stated in Arti-
cle (21): The family is the basis of community.

93
Lesson 7

A Qatari family is founded on religion, ethics and patriotism. The Law shall regulate as
necessary to protect the family, support its structure, strengthen its ties and protect mothers,
children and the elderly.
As stated in Article (22): The State shall provide care for the young and protect them from
corruption, exploitation, and the evils of physical, mental and spiritual neglect. The State shall
also create circumstances conducive to the development of their abilities in all fields based on
a sound education.
2. The State of Qatar has been keen to establish many institutions con
cerned with women and children, including:
a. Protection and Social Rehabilitation Center (AMAN):
It was established in 2013. It is concerned with protecting and rehabilitating
women and children victims of violence and family rupture, and reintegrating
them into community. Aman Center falls under the umbrella of the Qatar Social Work.

Use the Internet, enter the official pages of the

Behavioral Health care Center and summarize
the importance of its activities.
www.bhc.org.qa
..................................................................................................................................
Search and summarize
..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

b. Wifaq Family Consulting Center

The center was established in 2002 AD, and it provides its various free
services to all families and individuals in the Qatari community, by
providing advice and guidance at the hands of experienced and qualified
specialists.

94
Women’s and Children’s Rights

Know Your Right Campaign

Lesson project
Collaborate with your classmates to organize a campaign to raise awareness
of child’s rights, identify the objectives of the campaign - the means that
you will use to raise awareness of child’s rights - the parties that you can
cooperate with in this regard.

95
Lesson 7

Remember

Human Rights
Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of
race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.

First: Women’s Right

It means the rights that preserve women’s humanity and dignity.
Islam honored women with equality with men in rights and duties.
International covenants guarantee legal protection of women’s rights.

Second: Child’s Right

These are rights that apply to all age groups. Its
characteristics: that the child cannot demand it,
and it does not meet with duties from him, and
it cannot be waived.

96
Women’s and Children’s Rights

Efforts of the State of Qatar to promote

the women’s and children’s rights:
The Constitution of Qatar affirms the rights of women
and children in Articles 21 and 22.
The State of Qatar has established many institutions
concerned with women and children, including:
1. Protection and Social Rehabilitation Center (AMAN)
2. Wifaq Family Consulting Center

The basic rights of the child:

• Prenatal (caring for the pregnant mother)
• Postpartum rights (life, breastfeeding and nursery, education,
security, expression and participation, health care).
• Special Cases (Family Loss, Wars, Diseases and Disabilities).
Child rights in Assam:
• Islam cares about the rights of the child and forbids abortion
except for necessity, the right to breastfeeding, the preservation
of the child’s life, the right to education, care, and choosing a
name. Islam also enjoins the care of orphans.
Children’s rights in international conventions:
• The Geneva Declaration of 1924 included a number of
children’s rights.
• Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1959, as well as the
Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 by a resolution
of the United Nations General Assembly.

97
Lesson 7

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1: Search and Summarize:

Using the official website of the Protection and Social Rehabilitation Center (AMAN),
summarize its main activities and programs.

..............................................................................................................................................................

Activity 2: Draw a knowledge map that includes child’s rights with expressive pictures.

98
Women’s and Children’s Rights

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. The Center that provides counseling for families and individuals:
a. Aman b. Nama
c. Wifaq d. Ehsan

2. The Convention of the Child, which consists of 10 principles:

a. Geneva Declaration b. Declaration of the Rights of the Child
c. Convention on the Rights of the Child d. International Covenant on Human Rights

3. The Center for the Protection and Rehabilitation of Victims of Domestic Violence:
a. Family Counseling b. Human Rights Department
c. Protection and social rehabilitation d. National Human Rights Commission

Question 2: Define Women’s Rights

.....................................................................................................................................

99
Lesson 7

Second: Exercises

Question 3: Answer the following:

What are the most important principles included in the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of
the Child adopted by the League of Nations in 1924?
......................................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................................

Question 4:

Mention the efforts of the State of Qatar in promoting the women’s and children’s rights.
..................................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................................

Question 5: Answer the following:

1. Mention the most important institutions concerned with women and children in the State of Qatar.
................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
2- What are the characteristics of child’s rights?
................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
3-List the basic rights of the child.
................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
4- What are the most important rights that Islam guarantees to women?
................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
5- Why are international conventions concerned with providing legal protection for women’s rights?
................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
100
Lesson 8:

Qatari Women

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Explain the efforts of the State of Qatar to empower women and enhance their role.
Appreciate the role of women and their participation in the modern renaissance of
Qatar in various domains.

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Women Empowerment.
Silatech initiative. I appreciate the role of Qatari women
Education Above All Initiative in building and serving their country.
Lesson 8

Qatari Women
Women play a prominent role regarding the advancement of the Qatari society, the development
of the country and care for their families. They participate alongside men in assuming different
administrative and scientific positions, and make an effective effort through their contribution in
various fields within society. Qatar has highlighted the role of women by strengthening the role of
social institutions concerned with their affairs which reflects their confidence in Qatari women ability
to effectively and responsibly perform the roles entrusted to them, as well as their ability to hold the
highest posts.

The process of reform and modernity that Qatar planned made

it a State of institutions that interact positively with the international
community, was not easy to achieve without commitment to adopt
Read & Answer
the rule of law and principles of good governance, combat corruption,
protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, and enable women
to participate in public life on an equal basis with men. ......”.

The Speech of His Highness Sheik Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani

The Amir of Qatar at the 68th UN General on September 24th,
2013
What is the vision of His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al
Thani, The Amir of the State of Qatar, regarding the steps towards
reform and modernity ?
.....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

102
Qatari Women

Woman in the past

The economic conditions prevailing during the pre-oil era at that time
allowed many women to play an important and specific social role in the
life of their families; As most of the men used to leave their villages and
cities during the diving season, and due to their engagement, women
assumed some social tasks taking the responsibility for their family affairs
until men returned back from diving.

The participation of woman in the development process:

Education was the starting point for women’s

participation in development process; As women began
their role as teachers, led by Amna Al-Jaida who was a
pioneer educator. Through the development process
the domains that women entered and contributed to
diversified, such as education, health, diplomatic work,
law, media, arts and applied sciences as women role is still expanding to include a range of different
specializations in which they contribute to the service of their country and the development of their
society. . examples of their contribution include the following
1-Women and education
Qatari women have entered work through teaching
profession, which is the most vital domain of Qatari women’s
work. Qatari women occupy the majority of roles within the
Ministry of Education.
The appointment of Her Excellency Sheikha Al-Mahmoud
as the Minister of Education in 2003, to be the first lady ever
in Qatar and the GCC region to occupy such an important
ministerial post which emphasizes the role of Qatari women in the prosperity and development of
education in Qatar. In addition, the percentage of Qatari women at Qatar University, either as faculty
members or administrative staff, accounts for more than 50% of the total workforce of the University.

103
Lesson 8

2- Women and health

Since the late 1960s, Qatari women have contributed to the health field through entering nursing
profession, as Qatari girls have had the opportunity to study medicine, work as doctors, and work in
Hamad Medical Corporation and health centers.
3- Women and diplomatic work:
Qatari women have taken up senior post to represent the State of Qatar abroad. For example
HE Sheikha Alia Ahmad Al-Thani was appointed as the
first female ambassador who assumed the post of the
permanent delegate of the State of Qatar in the Europe-
based United Nations headquarters in Geneva, then she
became the Permanent Representative of Qatar to the
United Nations in New York.
Qatari women are still expanding in the range of
disciplines they have entered for work and study purposes,
to enrich the country in wide fields that compete and keep
pace with development.
4- Women and sport
Qatar Women’s Sport Committee was established by a decision
of Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al-Missned which was
named as the “Qatari Women’s Sports Committee in 2001”, to form
a starting point in the women’s sports movement in Qatar. The aim
was to encourage women to participate in sports, excelling and
improving their lives, creating a strong Olympic sports team, and
advancing the national society as a whole.
Sports achievements of women:
- In 2021, Qatar Shooting and Archery Association won the
Bronze Medal in the Mixed Shooting Rifle Competition held in
Kazakhstan.
- In 2021, Qatar Table Tennis Association won the bronze medal
of the Arab Women’s Club Championship held in Jordan.
- The shot put team participated in the Olympic Games in Tokyo
2020.

104
Qatari Women

Protection and Social Rehabilitation Center (Aman)

The State of Qatar has been keen on paying attention to
women’s affairs, so the Protection and Social Rehabilitation
Center (Aman) was established in 2013 by the decision of
Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser. The Centre focuses
on the protection & rehabilitation of women and children
who are victims of violence and family disintegration. Aman
Center operates under the umbrella of Qatar Foundation for
Social Work. Aman Center aims to achieve the following:
- Raising public awareness to pay attention to the needs and
rights of women in the society.
- Eliminating discrimination against women with regard to
rights and responsibilities.
- Providing legal framework for women’s rights and needs at social and family level.
- Providing protection for women against abusive practices at home, work and society, and
addressing problems resulting from these practices.

“Qatar attaches great importance to women in all fields, which has sup-
ported Qatari women to achieve success in all fields and sectors, thanks
to the equal opportunities provided by the state in terms of care, educa-
tion and employment.”
1. What is Qatar’s future vision for the role of women within the social pillar of Qatar National
Vision 2030?

Search and discuss .............................................................................................................................................................

105
Lesson 8

Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al-Missned

- Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al-Missned has spear-
headed social and educational reforms in Qatar and around the
world for many years through her ground-breaking initiatives in
education, health and development.
- HH serves as Chairperson of Qatar Foundation for Education,
Science and Community Development (QF). Its flagship project,
Education City, is a hub of academic excellence, housing branch
campuses of renowned international universities and institutions.
QF is also engaged in numerous scientific research and economic
and social development projects. She chairs Sidra Medicine, a lead-
ing institution for women and children’s health specialty care.
- In addition, she chairs Msheireb Properties, Qatar’s leading
sustainable real estate company, and the developer of Msheireb
Downtown Doha.

According to her vision, Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al-
Missned ambition is to enable citizens to access quality education, health
supported by social development. With reference to her Highness’s website,
give examples of initiatives in the areas mentioned in the table below:

Initiative Example
Education and research
Search & answer
Health care
Social development
Culture
Environment

106
Qatari Women

The Initiatives of Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al-Missned

HH Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al-Missned extends her vision to global prospects and initiatives , which
advocate for access to quality education and quality healthcare as a right for all that can lead the world to a
new future of prosperity and peaceful coexistence.

First: Silatech Initiative

Silatech was established in 2008 with the aim of address-
ing the challenge of unemployment in the Middle East and
North Africa region and beyond, through economic and social
empowerment. Silatech contributes to providing job opportu-
nities, development programs, rehabilitation and financing.

Second: Education Above All Initiative

In 2012, Her Highness Sheikha
Moza bint Nasser Al- Missned launched
the Education Above All Foundation
(EAA). This Foundation seeks to pro-
vide quality education for vulnerable
children who have no access to basic
education in areas affected by poverty,
conflicts and disasters.

107
Lesson 8

Remember
Women in the past
women assumed some social tasks of being
responsible for their family affairs until men
returned back from diving.

Participation of women in the development process

1- Woman and education:
The appointment of Her Excellency Sheikha Al-Mahmoud as Minister of Education
in 2003, to be the first lady ever in Qatar and the GCC region to occupy such an
important ministerial post which emphasizes the role of Qatari women in the
prosperity and development of education in Qatar.
2- Woman and health
Since the late 1960s, Qatari women have contributed to the health field through
entering the nursing profession, and Qatari girls have had the opportunity to study
medicine, work as doctors, and work in Hamad Medical Corporation and health
centers.
3- Woman and diplomatic work
Qatari women have assumed senior post in representing the State of Qatar abroad.
For example HE Sheikha Alia Ahmad Al-Thani was appointed as the first female
ambassador who assumed the post of the permanent delegate of the State of Qatar
in the Europe-based United Nations headquarters in Geneva, then she became the
Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations in New York..
4- Woman and sport
Qatar Women’s Sport Committee was established by a decision of Her Highness
Sheikha Moza bint Nasser which was named as the “Qatari Women’s Sports
Committee in 2001”,

108
Qatari Women

Sports achievements of women

• In 2021, Qatar Shooting and Archery Association won the Bronze Medal in the
Mixed Shooting Rifle Competition held in Kazakhstan.
• In 2021, Qatar Table Tennis Association won the bronze medal of the Arab
Women’s Club Championship held in Jordan.
• The shot put team participated in the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020.

Protection and Social

Rehabilitation Center (Aman)
The State of Qatar has been keen on paying
attention to women’s affairs, so the Protection
and Social Rehabilitation Center (Aman) was
established in 2013 by the decision of Her
Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser. The Centre
focuses on the protection & rehabilitation
of women and children who are victims of
violence and family disintegration.

The initiatives of Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint

Nasser Al-Missned in the Arab region and globally:

• Silatech initiative.
• Education Above All Initiative

109
Lesson 8

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1: Write a report using the internet on the role of Qatari women in partici-
pating in the building and renaissance of Qatari society, in the past and the present.

..............................................................................................................................................................

110
Qatari Women

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. The first lady ever in Qatar and the GCC region who was appointed as Minister of
Education:
a. Buthaina Al-Nuaimi b. Sheikha al-Mahmoud
c. Hessa Al jaber d. Hanan Al Kuwari

2. The first female ambassador appointed as the permanent delegate of the State of Qatar
in the Europe-based United Nations headquarters in Geneva:
a. Lolwah Al-Khater. b. Hend Al Muftah
c. Mariam Al-Misnad d. Alia Ahmad Al-Thani

3. The first female ambassador appointed as the permanent delegate of the State of Qatar
in the Europe-based United Nations headquarters in Geneva:
a. Lolwah Al-Khater. b. Hend Al Muftah
c. Mariam Al-Misnad d. Alia Ahmad Al-Thani

Question 2: Answer the following:

1. What was the role of Qatari women in the past?

111
Lesson 8

Exercises

3. List the objectives of Aman Centre

Question 3: How do you explain :

The establishment of Qatar Woman’s Sport Committee
....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Question 4: Compare:

Silatech Initiative Education Above All Initiative

112
Lesson 9:

World Peace

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Explain the role of the State of Qatar in regional and international organizations.
Appreciates the importance of international relations in spreading world peace.
Adopt a number of values that help him to engage positively in the manifestations of public life.
Dealing with others according to Islamic values.
Explain the importance of peace among the peoples of the world.
Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Peace Be keen to apply the principles of

tolerance, respect for others, and
acceptance of difference and diversity
between me and my classmates to
support a culture of peace
Lesson 9

World Peace
The interest and pursuing of peace have always been a human demand, as old as man himself, and
peace has been -and still is- a dream of humanity since many ages. Humanity has suffered greatly
from the scourge of wars, conflicts, violence and terrorism; We are witnessing a remarkable increase
in the rates of conflicts and violence in all its forms, despite the development of awareness of the unity
of human destiny and the importance of peace; To achieve development and prosperity, and building
a culture of world peace depends to a large extent on building moral values that pervade all human
societies, and we, as Muslims, derive them from our religious teachings.

The Concept of Peace : ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬

For Your Information:

Peace means safety, wellness,

Peace means the state of security and stability that prevails in surrendering, security and peace,
community, from its simplest formations (the Family) to its largest and it is the state of harmony
and comfort that exists between
formations (the International Community) in a manner that allows two parties or a group of parties
in order to achieve harmony and
development and prosperity for all. ward off hostility.

Read the following text, then answer:

The concept of peace includes how it is made, preserved and
built. As for peacemaking, it is helping the parties to the conflict to
Read and Analyze reach a negotiated agreement, and peacekeeping is to prevent the
parties to the conflict from entering into a war or a potential con-
flict, and peacebuilding means: preparing community to support
and adopt a culture of peace and its practice, and this includes:
Education, support for the culture of human rights, economic de-
velopment, pluralism, tolerance and acceptance of others, and the
promotion of harmony between the individual and the community
and the environment.
- What concepts are used in peace? And what is the difference
between them?
.....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

114
World Peace

Enrichment
- Through the concept of Peace, is the blockade of the State of Qatar
consistent with this concept, discuss that with your classmates and
your teacher.
..................................................................................................................
Think and Discuss ..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................

Second: The importance of Peace:

The availability of peace is of great importance, and among the things that it achieves:

The stability and growth of Spreading positive values in

community, as the feeling of community such as tolerance and
Preserving the lives of
security leads to an increase in the respect, rejection of extremism 3
peoples by avoiding armed 1 2
education rate, and the emergence and violence, acceptance of world
conflict.
of an educated, conscious and cultures, and human differences
creative generation. in general.

Regulation and application of

the law, it is not possible to apply Cultural and knowledge -
the law without the presence of 4 .exchange between societies
5
security and peace in community.

Enrichment
- Peace is one of the great human values, Explain your opinion.
......................................................................................................................
Discuss and Answer ......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
115
Lesson 9

Enrichment
The Global Peace Index for 2019 confirmed a slight improvement
in the global peace rate, which is issued by the Australian-based
Institute for Economics and Peace, in cooperation with several
research organizations, and ranks countries according to their
Read and Learn peacefulness. Iceland topped the ranking of the most secure (peaceful)
countries in the world in 2019, Qatar came first in the Arab world on
the list of the Global Peace Index and ranked 31 globally.

Third: Peace in Islam:

Islam is the religion of peace and mercy. Islam came to affirm the principle of peace, morals and good
treatment. Allah the Almighty said: “If the enemy is inclined towards peace, make peace with
them”. [Al-Anfal: Verse 61], It is a clear indication of the adoption of the principle of peace, and that it is the
basic rule of this nation.
Just as Islam established the foundations of peace for the nation, Allah the Almighty said:
“Allah does not forbid you from dealing kindly and fairly with those who have neither fought
nor driven you out of your homes. Surely Allah loves those who are fair.” [Al-Mumtahanah: Verse 8]
Peace is the original deteminat of muslims relations with others was legislated to maintain
peace and prevent aggression of irogdoers against ,islam is moderate religion and islam has
never adopted war as a first choice but on the other hand it’s never been a religin of
humilation and degradation.
Enrichment Peace is one of the principles that Islam has deeply rooted in the hearts of
Muslims, so it has become a part of their entity and a belief of their beliefs, and
peace has become one of the pillars of the establishment of Islamic civilization.
- In light of this phrase, look for situations of the Messenger and his
companions that indicate the adoption of a culture of peace in human
Search and Discuss interactions.
..............................................................................................................................................

116
World Peace

Fourth: International and Regional Organizations Concerned with Peace:

United Nations:
The United Nations is a global organization, one of the most
important goals of which is the maintenance of international
peace and security.
Enrichment
The Charter of the United Nations states that “WE THE PEOPLES OF THE
UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from
the scourge of war,
AND FOR THESE ENDSto practice tolerance and live together in peace
with one another as good neighbors,
- In light of the previous text, what is the relationship between tolerance and peace?

Think and Discuss .............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

United Nations organs:

The United Nations is a global organization, one of the main objectives of which is the
maintenance of international peace and security.

United Nations organs

United Nations United Nations International

General Assembly Security Council Court of Justice
It is a deliberative and It has primary responsibility
policymaking body, It settles disputes
for maintaining international
and all member states between states
peace and security.
are represented in it

117
Lesson 9

UN Efforts to Promote World Peace:

The United Nations is aware that saving future generations from the scourge of war requires a shift to-
wards a culture of peace and non-violence, which is formed from values, attitudes and behaviors based on
the principles of freedom, justice, democracy, human rights, tolerance and solidarity, and solving problems
through dialogue and negotiation. Therefore, the United Nations called for the promotion of a culture of peace.
Among the most prominent efforts of the United Nations to spread world peace:
1. The General Assembly issued a program of work on a culture of peace.
2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights included some articles that support the values of peace such as:
• Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
• Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
• Article 26: Education shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or
religious groups.
3. The United Nations General Assembly declared the International Day of Peace in 1981 AD in order to
celebrate and promote the ideal of peace among all nations and peoples, and set September 21 as the date
for that.
Enrichment It was stated in His Highness Sheikh Tamim
bin Hamad Al Thani, Amir of the State of
Qatar speech at the 73rd session of the UN
General Assembly in 2018:
“In this context, the State of Qatar be-
lieves that educating youth and their
comprehensive participation represents the
first line of defense for the collective security
system and an important factor in fighting terrorism and building
peace and stability. Thus, we have committed ourselves to educating
ten million children and providing economic empowerment to half a
Read and Answer million young people in our region and in collaboration with the United
Nations we carried out projects to promote employment opportunities
for young people through capacity-building and the launching of
programs to prevent violent extremism.”
- What is the way to build peace and stability?
........................................................................................................................
- What are the measures adopted by the State of Qatar to contribute to
building world peace?
........................................................................................................................
118
World Peace

Fifth: The role of the State of Qatar in international cooperation to achieve peace:
Qatar has been keen to actively contribute to strengthening the efforts made by the interna-
tional community to maintain international peace and security, as evidenced by the following:
1. Mediation
The State of Qatar was an honest and sincere mediator, which contributed to the success of its efforts
in several crises. Such as: The Darfur Issue, mediation between Eritrea and Djibouti, and others.

2. Mediation
The State of Qatar has supported Interfaith Dialogue and the Alliance of Civilizations, as
evidenced by the following:
- Hosting the Fourth Global Forum of the Alliance of Civilizations in Doha in December 2011.
- Establishing the Doha International Center for Interfaith Dialogue, which seeks to spread the
culture of dialogue, enhance the culture of acceptance of the other, and peaceful coexistence among
followers of religions and civilizations.

119
Lesson 9

- Annual hosting of the Doha International Conference for Interfaith Dialogue, in which
thinkers, scholars and representatives of religions, from different parts of the world, participate.

Enrichment
Use the website of the Doha International Center for Interfaith
Dialogue, find out about the center’s activities, write a summary, and
Search and Discuss show it to your teacher.

3. Counter Terrorism:
The State of Qatar actively participates in international efforts to counter terrorism, and cooperates
with the relevant agencies in counter terrorism at the United Nations. The State of Qatar has also
established the National Anti-Money Laundering & Terrorism Financing Committee, and entrusted
it with the task of working to achieve the goals contained in the international agreements concerned
with counter terrorism, and coordinating efforts between the various parties to implement the resolu-
tions of the Security Council and the United Nations.
It stresses the necessity of addressing the roots of terrorism, and not linking it to any religion, thought
or civilization.

120
World Peace

- The United Nations General Assembly declared the International Day of Peace
Lesson project in 1981 to “celebrate and promote the ideals of peace among all nations and
peoples.” Twenty years later, the General Assembly designated September
21, as the date to celebrate the International Day of Peace, where the United
Nations invites all Member States, organizations of the United Nations
system, regional and non-governmental organizations and individuals to
celebrate this day through education, public awareness and cooperation. For
a worldwide cease -fire and all kinds of violence
- Plan to celebrate the International Day of Peace by specifying:
- The most important activities that will be held in the celebration.
- The personalities you invite to celebrate.
- Design a logo for the day.

121
Lesson 9

Remember

Peace Concept
The state of security and stability that
prevails in community, allowing community
to develop and prosper.

The Importance of Peace

1. Preserving people’s lives.
2. Community stability and growth.
3. Spreading positive values in community.
4. Regulation and law enforcement.
5. Cultural and knowledge exchange between
societies.

Peace in Islam

- Islam is a religion of mercy, peace and good treatment.

- Peace is the basis for Muslims’ relationship with others.
- The Islamic religion established the foundations of peace
for the nation.

122
World Peace

The United Nations is a global organization for the

maintenance of international peace and security

United Nations organs

- United Nations General Assembly

- United Nations Security Council
- International Court of Justice

UN Efforts to
Promote World Peace:
- The General Assembly issued a
program of work on a culture of
peace.
- The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights included some
articles that support the values of
peace. The role of the State of Qatar
- The United Nations General in international cooperation to
achieve peace
Assembly declared the International
Day of Peace in 1981 AD. 1. Mediation
2. Interfaith Dialogue and Alliance
of the Civilization
3. Counter Terrorism

123
Lesson 9

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1: Make a brochure containing the most important Islamic values that
encourage peace, using expressive pictures.

Activity 2: Write an article on the role of the State of Qatar in international

organizations in the social, humanitarian and development aspect.

124
World Peace

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. Participation in solving the Darfur crisis is one of the successes of the State of Qatar in
the field of:
a. Mediation b. Human Rights
c. Dialogue of Civilizations d. Humanitarian Aid

2. Which of the organs of the United Nations is responsible for the maintenance of interna-
tional peace and security?
a. UNESCO b. UNICEF
c. Security Council d. General Assembly

Question 2:
What does Peace mean?
.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

Question 1: Answer the following:

1. What is the role of the State of Qatar in international cooperation to achieve world peace?

125
Lesson 9

Exercises

3. What is the importance of peace?

Question 4:
The State of Qatar has supported Interfaith Dialogue and the Alliance of Civilizations, prove.
....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

126
Lesson 10:

Intolerance and Racial

Discrimination

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Know the intolerance and racial discrimination and its types.
Explain the implications of intolerance and racial discrimination and the importance
of combating it.

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Intolerance and Racial Respect diversity and appreciate
Discrimination Allah’s wisdom in his presence.
Lesson 10

Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

Intolerance and racism are among the negative values in societies, which must be combated
by all means and methods. They are among the means of destroying healthy societies if they
spread in them.

Definition of Intolerance and Racial Discrimination:

Any discrimination, exclusion or restriction based on

race, color, lineage, or national origin that aims to impair
or impede the recognition, enjoyment or exercise of
human rights and fundamental freedoms on an equal
footing, in the economic, social, political or in any other
field of public life in accordance with the International
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination.

Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

Intolerance is an internal feeling that causes a person to see
himself as right, and the other as wrong, and this feeling appears in
Read and Answer
the form of practices and attitudes towards the other that lead to his
not recognizing his rights.
As for discrimination, it is discriminating between individuals,
harming, ignoring, or excluding them because of their color, gender,
religion, race, or opinion, and this leads to not realizing their rights.
Discrimination is linked to fanaticism. When a person feels that he is
right, and that the other is wrong, he deprives him of his rights.

-What is the relationship between intolerance and discrimination?

.........................................................................................................................
What are the consequences of intolerance and racial discrimination?

........................................................................................................................

128
Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

Types of intolerance and racial discrimination:

The negative effects of intolerance and racial discrimination

Ethnic intolerance Tribal Religious Intellectual

Color intolerance
(Ethnocentrism) intolerance intolerance in tolerance
It is the intoleance It is always
Based on the color It is extremism in It is based on
of followers uni-lateral thinking
white and black. favor of one race belonging to
of a religion or while canceling the
at the expense of the tribe, which
sect against the other opinion and
another. appears in some
followers of other refusing to accept
Arab societies.
religions and sects. it and discuss it.

Islam and the rejection of racial discrimination:

Islam calls for respect for human dignity and the rejection of racial discrimination. Allah the Almighty said:
“O humanity! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you into peoples and
tribes so that you may get to know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of Allah
is the most righteous among you. Allah is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware.” [Al-Hujurat: Verse 13]

Enrichment
-What is the human value that Islam calls for and is confirmed
by the Quranic verses?
.......................................................................................................................
Think and Discuss
.......................................................................................................................

129
Lesson 10

Allah created all people from one origin; Therefore, Islam urged equality between people, rejected
discrimination, and made piety and good work the basis of differentiation among people, as it is the
religion of tolerance and compassion among humans.
“O humanity! Be mindful of your Lord Who created you from a single soul, and from it He created its mate,
and through both He spread countless men and women. And be mindful of Allah—in Whose Name you
appeal to one another—and honourfamily ties. Surely Allah is ever Watchful over you.” [An-Nisa: Verse 1]

All people were created from a single soul. Islam has fought all the causes and forms of violence,
extremism, and racial and social discrimination, and replaced them with the principles of justice, equality,
mercy, regardless of their status

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD):

It is an agreement under the auspices of the United Nations, and it includes 18 articles. Its implementation
began in 1969, and it aims to:
• Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination.
• Promotion of understanding among all races, sects and religions.
• Building an international community free from all forms of racial discrimination.

Among the articles of the International Convention on

the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Article 5
Read and Answer In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down in
article 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to
eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right
of everyone, without distinction as to race, color, or national or ethnic
origin, to equality before the law.
Article 6
States Parties shall assure to everyone within their jurisdiction effective
protection and remedies, through the competent national tribunals and
other State institutions, against any acts of racial discrimination which
violate his human rights and fundamental freedoms contrary to this
Convention, as well as the right to seek from such tribunals just and
adequate reparation or satisfaction for any damage suffered as a result of
such discrimination.

130
Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

Article 7
States Parties undertake to adopt immediate and effective measures,
particularly in the fields of teaching, education, culture and informa-
tion, with a view to combating prejudices which lead to racial discrim-
ination and to promoting understanding, tolerance and friendship
among nations and racial or ethnical groups, as well as to propagating
the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Declaration
on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and this Convention.
- What are the most prominent means provided by the Convention to deal
with cases of racial discrimination that an individual may be subjected to?
......................................................................................................................
- What measures should states take to address racial discrimination?
.....................................................................................................................
- Write down your notes on the most important things mentioned in the
above articles, and discuss them with your teacher.
......................................................................................................................

Effects of intolerance and racial discrimination:

Intolerance and racial discrimination result in negative effects, including:

Effects of racial discrimination

Implant hatred and Wasting seientif and The spread of

animosity among administrative poverty among Migration abroad
as a result of perse- Wars increase.
the members of the comperencies certain segments
same community. among the members of community. cu-tion.
of community.

131
Lesson 10

Methods of combating intolerance and racial discrimination:

The negative effects of intolerance and racial discrimination on the

individual and community alike, so it is necessary to use all methods ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬
For Your Information:
to fight it. The following is a presentation of some of these methods: The State of Qatar, through its
membership in the Group of
1. Promote understanding, civic engagement and intercultural Friends of the United Nations
Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC),
communication. carries out continuous awareness
2. Awareness of the dangers of intolerance and racial discrimination campaigns to define the objectives
and the problems arising from it. of the Alliance of Civilizations calling
3. Justice in the distribution of wealth, rewards, grants and others. for the renunciation of violence,
the dissemination of the values
4. Inculcating the principles of loyalty and belonging to the State of tolerance, the bridging of the
instead of the tribe, sect or group. gap between civilizations, and the
5. Prioritizing the national interest over personal and sectarian building of a human community in
which the values of justice, equality
interests. and respect for human rights
6. Issuing laws that guarantee justice and equality among members prevail.
of community.

We should all contribute to the fight against racism, each at his own level.
-Suggest methods to fight intolerance and racial discrimination.
.......................................................................................................................
Think and Discuss
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

132
Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

Culture of Respect and Acceptance of Others

discussed Intolerance and racial discrimination generate malice and hatred among
in the lesson:
human beings and lead to the disintegration of community; Therefore,
states seek to take the necessary measures to fight discrimination and
spread a culture of respect and acceptance of other.
In light of this phrase, discuss your teacher.
- Qatar’s efforts to combat discrimination in all its forms.
- Your role as an individual in the face of intolerance and racial discrimination.

133
Lesson 10

Remember

Definition of intolerance and racial

discrimination
Any discrimination, exclusion or restriction based
on race, color, descent, or national origin that aims
to impair or impede the recognition, enjoyment or
exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Types of intolerance and

racial discrimination
• Color intolerance
• Ethnic intolerance (Ethnocentrism)
• Tribal intolerance
• Religious intolerance
• Intellectual intolerance

Islam and the rejection of racial discrimination

Islam calls for respect for human dignity and the rejection of
racial discrimination.

134
Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

International Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)
It is a convention under the auspices of the United Nations, aims to:
1. Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination.
2. Promotion of understanding among all races, sects and religions.
3. Building an international community free from all forms of racial
discrimination.

Methods of combating intolerance

and racial discrimination

1. Promote understanding, civic engagement and

intercultural communication.
2. Awareness of the dangers of intolerance and Effects of racial discrimination
racial discrimination and the problems arising
from it. • Implant hatred and animosity among
3. Justice in the distribution of wealth, rewards, the members of the same community.
grants and others. • Wasting scientific and administrative
4. Inculcating the principles of loyalty and competencies among the members of
belonging to the State instead of the tribe, sect or community.
group. • The spread of poverty among certain
5. Prioritizing the national interest over personal segments of community.
and sectarian interests. • Migration abroad as a result of
6. Issuing laws that guarantee justice and equality persecution.
among members of community. • Wars increase.

135
Lesson 10

Activities and Exercises

First: Activities

Activity 1:
Collect pictures of the world against racial discrimination, fold them up, write a simple
comment on each picture, and discuss it with classmates.

Activity 2:
Islamic history is full of many situations that reject intolerance and discrimination
based on color, gender or religion.
Use the Internet and gather situations from the life of the Prophet and the Companions
that confirm Islam’s rejection of intolerance and racial discrimination.

136
Intolerance and Racial Discrimination

Second: Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

1. Among the methods of combating racial discrimination:
a. Wars increase. b. The spread of poverty in community.
c. Justice in the distribution of wealth. d. Implant hatred in community.

2. List the articles of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination.
a. 12 b. 14
c. 16 d. 18

Question 2: Answer the following:

1. What is meant by intolerance and racial discrimination?

137
Lesson 10

Exercises

4. Explain the methods of combating racial discrimination.

138

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Qatar History

Scientific and Educational Review and Audit

Copyright © - Ministry of Education and Higher Education - State of Qatar

Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani

Qatari National Anthem

2 Lesson 2 Economic Resources in the State of Qatar............................ 19

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Economic and Social Conditions

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Concepts I learn: Values I learn:

Economic and Social Conditions in the State of Qatar

First: The Economic Conditions

In light of the above, answer the following questions:

Second: Social Conditions

By understanding the above:

Manifestations of Social Life:

Second: The Role of Al-Majaalis

Reasons for the Depression of the Pearl Trade:

Manifestations of Social Life

Activities and Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

2. The process of oil exploration in Qatar has stopped due to:

4. The process of oil exploration in Qatar began in the field of:

Activity 2:  answer the following questions:

exploration was explored in 1935 Ad.

Activity 3:  Prove that the following phrases are correct historically:

2. Education in Qatar started by individual efforts.

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

Economic Resources in the State of Qatar

First: Agricultural Production

Challenges facing agricultural activity in the State of Qatar:

Table (1) Cultivated and uncultivated areas in the State of Qatar

2017 AD Cultivated Uncultivated Total

-list anumber of suggestions to solve problems related to

IKTEFA (Sufficiency) Initiative:

Types of agriculture in the State of Qatar:

Protected cultivation of local vegetables in the State of Qatar

Umm Ghuwailina project for planting green fodders

The most important agricultural crops in Qatar:

Product Production ratio % Self-sufficiency ratio %

fruits Qatar ranked first in the Arab

Figure (2) Source: Planning and Statistics Authority - Agricultural

Using the table and graph, answer the following:

Second: Animal and Fish Production:

Figure (3) Number of Animals in Qatar in 2017 AD

- Calculate the total number of Animals in the State of Qatar.

Challenges Facing Animal Production:

Efforts of the State of Qatar to encourage animal production

Improving Establishing Establishing Increasing

Observe and Answer

Figure (4) Fisheries in the State of Qatar

Where are the fisheries in the State of Qatar? And why?

The State of Qatar’s production of fisheries has reached 15.3

Third: The Petroleum (Oil):

Oil fields in the State of Qatar:

Observe and Answer

Figure (5) Oil fields in the State of Qatar

1. List types of Qatari oil fields.

We can conclude the following from the previous map:

Dukhan Field Al Shaheen Field

Learn about the production of oil fields in the State of Qatar

Figure (6) Qatar oil fields production (barrel/day)

1. The most productive fields.

Fourth: Natural Gas:

Natural gas exists in two

Country Productivity ‫أﺿﻒ�ﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬

The most important Qatari natural gas fields:

Natural gas reserves in the State of Qatar:

Qatar›s efforts to achieve sustainability in oil and natural gas:

Rationalization of consumption and proper

Agriculture in the State of Qatar faces a number

Second: Animal Production

Animal production faces several challenges:

The efforts of the State of Qatar to achieve

Activities and Exercises

Question 1: Choose the correct answer:

Activity 2: answer the following questions:

Activity 3: Prove that the following phrases are correct historically: