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30 views8 pages

Presentation Slide

Uploaded by

shakforid1610
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Analysis and Visualization


INTRODUCTION:Data analysis and data
visualization are key components in
the field of data science and research,
and many scholars and thought leaders
have provided definitions and
frameworks for these concepts.
Definition of Data Analysis Process:


• A systematic process of examining, cleaning,
transforming, and interpreting data to gain
insights, draw conclusions, and make
decisions.
• According to John Tukey, “Data analysis is
the process of organizing the data to bring
out the structures and the variations that it
contains.”
Typologies of Data Analysis

 1. Descriptive Statistics
 - Summarizes data (e.g., mean, median, mode).
 2. Inferential Statistics
 - Draws conclusions from a sample (e.g., hypothesis testing).
 3. Predictive Analytics
 - Forecasts future outcomes (e.g., regression analysis).
 4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
 - Identifies patterns and trends without prior assumptions.
Methods in Data Analysis

 1. Descriptive Methods**
- Frequency distributions, measures of central tendency.
 2. Inferential Methods
- Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals.
 3. Correlation & Regression
- Analyzes relationships between variables.
 4. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)
- Compares means across multiple groups.
 5. Non-parametric Methods
- For data not following a normal distribution.
Why use Data Analysis?

 Data analysis is essential for:
• Decision-Making: It provides evidence-based insights for
making informed decisions in business, science, and
various other fields.
• Identifying Trends and Patterns: Helps organizations
detect patterns and forecast future outcomes.
• Problem Solving: Aids in understanding and addressing
issues through a deeper examination of data.
• Validation: Confirms or refutes hypotheses, making it
critical in research and development.
When to Use Data Analysis?

• When Collecting New Data: Anytime you gather
raw data from surveys, experiments, or studies, it
must be analyzed to generate insights.
• Before Decision-Making: Prior to strategic business
decisions or policy-making, data should be analyzed
to support choices.
• During Research: Data analysis is necessary for
evaluating research outcomes and testing
hypotheses.
• To Evaluate Performance: Regular analysis is used
in business and finance to measure efficiency and
outcomes.
Which Methods to Use?

 The choice of data analysis method depends on the
type of data and the objective:
1.Descriptive Analysis:
 When to use: To summarize basic features of the
data.Methods: Measures of central tendency (mean,
median, mode), standard deviation, charts, and tables.
2.Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):
 When to use: To uncover patterns and relationships in
the data before formal modeling.
 Methods: Visual tools like histograms, scatter plots,
and box plots.
3. InferentialAnalysis:
 When to use: To make predictions or inferences
about a population from a sample

 Methods: Thematic analysis, content analysis,
coding
 When to use: To forecast future events based on
historical data.
 Methods: Machine learning algorithms, regression
models, time series analysis.
 4.Qualitative Analysis:
 When to use: For non-numerical data such as
interviews or open-ended survey responses.
 Methods: Thematic analysis, content analysis,
coding.

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