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Linear Relationships for Year 7
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views10 pagesPearson 8 Chapter 6.4 Using Linear Relationships
Linear Relationships for Year 7
Uploaded by
cousmc9Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 10
Using linear
relationships
Recognising linear relationships
There are many situations where two variables are connected that demonstrate a linear
relationship such as those that involve a constant rate, For example, a constant flow rate
ofa liquid, the constant speed of a vehicle, or a daily rate of pay for work done.
Defining a variable
In mathematical word problems that contain variables we need to choose a suitable
pronumeral to represent a variable. In measurement, we used’h’ to represent the variable
‘neight’ and’V’to represent the variable ‘volume’. When’time’is a variable we usually
represent it using’
Worked Example 8 8)
For each statement, define each of the two variables involved.
(a) The volume of water in a water tank increases during a day of heavy rain.
(b) The average speed of a car as it travels over a distance.
Thinking Working
(a) 1 Identify the two variables. (a) volume and time
2 Define each variable. Let V be the volume of water in the tank.
Let tbe the tie during which the tank
is filing,
(b) 1. Identify the two variables. (b) distance and speed
2 Define each variable. Let d be the distance travelled.
Let = be the speed the car travelled
Worked Example 9
Define all the variables you are using in the following situation and then write a linear
equation to represent the total cost.
The cost of a building project at a school consists of a $1000 fixed cost to cover the materials
used and a variable cost of the labour, which is calculated by a fixed rate of $30 per hour.
Thinking Working
1 Identify and define the variables. Let Cbe the cost of the project and hbe the
number of hours of labour.
2 Identify the fixed costs. Cost of materials
Hourly rate of labour
$1000.
$30.
3 Write the equation. €=30h+ 1000
872, Pearson mathematics 8 Using linear graphs =
‘Woon nao to know
A straight line can be drawn through any two points, so if we know that a relationship eee ee
between two variables is linear and we are given two pieces of information that connects the | pains to craw the
two variables, we can write that information as two ordered pairs. We can then use those | staightIne, bu ve
otdered pairs as two points on a Cartesian plane, draw a linear graph on graph or grid paper | (22% last eveo points |
and then use it to find the relationship between the variables for any other point on the line. | ‘nale mistaae, |
Worked Example 10 P10 |
A tap is left dripping at a constant rate. The number of litres of water wasted is shown in the
table below.
Number of hours the
tap is left dripping, o (h)
Number of litres of
‘water wasted, w (L)
0 2 6 un
° 10 30 58
(@) Plot the points shown in the table ang join them to forma graph of this relationship. Label
the axes with ‘Number of hours tap was left dripping, d’ on the x-axis and ‘Number of,
litres wasted, w" on the y-axis.
() Is this relationship linear?
(6) From your graph, decide how much water would be wasted in:
@ 3hours (i) 8 hours (i) 12 hours.
(@) From your graph, decide how long the tap had been dripping if the number of litres
wasted was
© 20llitres (35 litres (i) 45 litres
(6) Isit sensible to join the points in this situation?
() Write the rule that shows the relationship between the number of hours the tap is left
dripping, d, and the number of litres of water wasted, w.
Thinking Working
(@) Draw and label your x- and y-axes and (a) Numberotiitves,
plot the points. Join them in order with ‘wasted fo)
straight lines. Make sure your scale will
allow you to read off the values required 604
©.
404
ES
20°
10f Y]
24°76 & 10 12 Number of
hours tap was
It iping ia)
(©) Decide whetherall pointslieonthesame (b) Yes, this ie a litear graph
straight line, If so, the graph is linear:
(© Readoffthey-coordinate ofthe pointon (c) (i) (Slits
the line that has the given x-coordinate oe
This is your answer. . -
(ii) 60 litres
6 Linear gresphs 873) 374
(@ Read offthex-coordinate ofthe pointon (4) (i) 4hours
the line that has the given y-coordinate.
i) 7houre
This is your answer. @)
(ii) 9 hours:
(©) Dowe measure or count the variables? (2). Because both time and volume are
Variables that can be measured are continuous variables, itis sensible to use
continuous. In between values exist, a linear graph
soa linear graph is sensible.
(9 Look fora pattern between the number () w=5d
‘of hours the tap is left dripping (d) and
the number of litres of water wasted (00).
Worked Example 11
‘AYear 8 class chose to support a cancer research charity by organising a school concert as a
fundraiser. The following table shows the total money raised as the number of tickets sold
increased. Their teachers made a donation to the fund.
Number of tickets sold] 50 70 160 180
Money raised ($M) 2000) 2200) 3100 3300
{@ Plot the points shown in the table and join them to form a graph ofthis relationship. Label
the axes with ‘Number of tickets sold ()’ on the x-axis and ‘Money raised ($M) on the
yoanis,
(6) Is the relationship linear?
(6) From your graph, decide how much money would be raised if the following number of,
tickets was sold
@ 90 170 (i) 230
(@) From your graph, decide how many tickets would need to be sold to raise the following,
revenue.
@ $2500 i $2900 i) $3600
(6) Isit sensible to join the points in this situation? If not, why do we use a linear graph?
(Woe the rule that shows the relationship between the number of tickets sold (#) and the
‘money raised ($M)
(a) How much money did their teachers donate?
PEARSON mathematics 8 Thinking Working
(@) Draw and abel your x- and y-axes @
and plot the points, Join them in order in
with straight lines. Make sure your scale “nyse 6
will allow you to read off the values ooo Pe
required ————————
(190, 9400)
sono ‘iho, 3
aco 4
2000-4 674,200
0,
1500 4
100 4
sco 4
on 100. 180-200 250
Number ot
toe at
(®) Decidewhetherallpointsliconthesame (5) Yeo
straight line, Ifso, the graph is linear.
(@ Read offthe point on theline thathasan (0) Amount of rorey raised
a-coordinate equal to the given value, ena ener errr
‘The y-coordinate of the point is your AoE Coo
(@ Read off the point on the line thathas (4) Nutrber of tickets cola
y-coordinate equal to the given value (9100 (9 140. (i) 210
The x-coordinate of the point is your
answer.
(©) Do we measure or count the variables?
Variables that are counted are not
continuous and should be shown on
a point graph, but we often model
non-continuous variables with a
continuous graph for convenience.
) These values al
1ot continuous, but we
use a linear graph for convenience as
long as we realise that in-between values
are meaningless,
( Look fora patter between the number (9) As cick increase by 20,
of tickets sold and the money raised. By money rai ~y $200, 50iF
how much is increasing? By how much ticket numbers increase by 1, the money
is M increasing? Use this information to raised would in 10.
find the amount by which Misinereasing Wye need 10¢ our rule $1500 rex
as t increases by 1. Check that this rule if eae sae
added on
works forall points
M=105+ 1500
@ The constantin the rule in part (9 tells us $1500
the amount in the fund to start with. This
is the teachers’ donation.
6 Linear grephs 875) 376
GZ} Using linear relationships
Navigator
21, 02, 03, 44, 05, 26, Q8, 08, /A1, G2, 08, 24, 05, 06,07,09,) 21.02, a3, 24, 25, 26, 28, 22,
210,011, a1, 012, Q10, a11, a12
Fluency
Equipment required: Graph or grid paper
Cay * For each statement, define each of the two variables involved.
(a) The length of a section of tram track increases as the temperatur
eases.
(b) ‘The volume of water in a swimming pool decreases when the pool develops a leak
(€) Tre pressure increases as the volume of air increases.
(@) The radius of a balloon increases as the volume increases.
(@) Astudent runs a distance during a race.
2 Define all the variables you are using in each of the following situations and then write a
WE) linear equation to represent the total cost of each,
(a) A solicitor charges a client a fixed fee of $50 for an initial consultation, She then,
charges $100 per hour for the documents she produces for her client.
(b) A taxi service charges a flagfall fee of $3.20, plus a fixed amount of $1.60 for each
kilometre travelled.
(@) call ona mobile phone incurs a flagfall charge of 37¢.The call then incurs an
additional charge of 40¢ per minute.
(aor °& particular brand of cordial, the manufacturer recommends that the cordial syrup be
diluted by adding a certain amount of water. The following table shows the corresponding,
amounts of cordial syrup and water needed
‘Amount of cordial syrup,s(ml) | 10 | 25 | 40 | 50
‘Amount of waterneeded,w(ml)| 30 | 75 | 120 | 150
{@) Plot the points shown in the table and join them to form a graph of this relationship.
Label the axes with ‘Amount of cordial syrup’ on the x-axis and ‘Amount of water
needed’ on the y-axis.
)
(c) From your graph, decide how much water should be added to the following quantities
of cordial syrup,
@ 15 mL (28 mL,
(6) From your graph, decide how much cordial syrup should be added to the following
quantities of water.
@ 24mL 90mL
(0) Ist sensible to join the points in this situation?
() Write the rule that shows the relationship between the amount of cordial syrup (5) and
the amount of water (.).
Is the relationship linear?
55 mL.
mb.
PEARSON mathematics 8 4 Yuni wanted to buy a number of golf clubs (g) all for the same price from an online golf
store. The store adds a fixed postage and delivery cost to the cost of the clubs to find the
total price (p) Yuni would be charged. The following table shows the amountYuni could
have paid for her clubs.
Numberotgotcubs@] 2 | 5 | 7 1 9
Total price in dollars (o) | 140 | 320 | 440
60
(a) Plot the points shown in the table and join them to form a graph of this relationship.
Label the axes with ‘Number of golf clubs (@)’ on the x-axis and “Total price in dollars (p)'
on the y-axis.
(b) Is this relationship linear?
(©) From your graph, decide how much Yuni would pay for:
@ four cubs (six clubs (i) ten clubs
(@) From your graph, decide how many golf clubs Yuni could buy for:
@ $200 $500 cin $740
(€) Is it sensible to join the points in this situation? If not, why do we use a linear graph?
(9. Write the rule that shows the relationship between the number of golf clubs Yuni
could buy (g) and the total price she would pay (p)
(9) How much has Yumi paid for the postage and delivery of her clubs?
Understanding
5 Ribbon used to wrap Christmas gifts costs 55¢ a metre.
(@) Copy and complete the following table.
Lengthofribbon(m) [0 | 1 | 2
Cost (6) 0 [055 [i10
(b) Plot a graph of this relationship. Show the length of ribbon on the horizontal axis
(€) How much would it cost to buy 4.2.m of ribbon?
(d) What length of ribbon could be bought for $3.00?
(@) What length of ribbon could be bought for $5.00
6 Brentis driving his car at 70 km/h,
{@) Copy and complete the following table
Time (h) ofif2][3 [4 [se
Distance travelled (km) | 0 | 70
(b) Plot a graph of distance travelled against time. Show time on the horizontal axis.
(@) From the graph, how far does Brent travel in
@ 35 hours
30 minutes (ii) 5 hours 15 minutes?
(€) From the graph, how long does it take Brent to travel:
0 175m (298 km (i) 400 km?
6
Linear graphs 677 7 The table below shows the cost of buying different lengths of metal pipe.
Lengthofpipe(m) | 2 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 15
Cost §) a8 | 12 [192] 24 | 36
(a) Plot the points shown in the table and join them to form a graph of this relationship.
Label the axes.
(b) Does the line pass through the point (0, 0)? Explain why you would expect it to do so.
(6) How much would it cost to buy a piece of pipe 12 m in length?
(a) How much would it cost to buy a 4 m length of pipe?
{6) Isit more economical to buy three 4m lengths or one 12.m length?
() What length of pipe, to the nearest metre, can be bought for $50?
(g) What length of pipe, to the nearest metre, can be bought for $100?
>, 8 To convert length measurements in inches (imperial system) to centimetres (metric
Use 1-om on the graph system), we can draw a graph using two points.
paper to represent Tinch |
onthe horizontal axis. | (@)_Rule a set of axes on graph paper. Label the horizontal axis’Length in inches’ and use
| Use 1 cmon the graph
paper toreprovertaength a scale from 0 to 15, Label the vertical axis‘Length in centimetres’ and use a scale from
ff 2m on the vertical ax, 8 to 40,
(b) What length in centimetres is equivalent to zero inches? Write this information as a
coordinate point for your graph.
(6) 12 inches is equivalent to about 30.5 centimetres. Write this information
as a coordinate point for your graph.
(@) Plot the two points you found in parts (b) and (¢) onto your number plane and carefully
rule a straight line through them.
Use your conversion graph to answer the following questions.
(6) The world’s largest known spider is the goliath.
bird-eating spider. One specimen found in
‘Venezuela in 1965 had a leg span of about
11 inches. What is this in centimetres?
(The smallest bird in the world is the bee
hummingbird. If one of these birds has a length of
5.7 em, how many inches long is it?
(9) The greatest reported diameter for a bubblegum
bubble (under strict competition guidelines) is
22 inches. It was blown by Susan Williams of
California, USA, in 1985. Convert this diameter to
om,
{h) The common flea (Pulex irritans) is a champion
jumper. In 1910, one made a long jump of 33 cm
and a high jump of 20 cm (130 times its own height)
Convert these measurements to inches.
378 Pearson mathematics 8 () The shortest venomous snake is the namaqua dwarf adder, which has a length of
8 inches. What is the length of this snake in cm?
@ The world’s largest cockroach measures about
38 inches in length and 1.7 inches across,
Convert these measurements to cm.
Reasoning
9 Many countries in the world, such as Australia, use degrees Celsius (C) as their unit of
temperature, whereas others, such as the USA, use degrees Fahrenheit (°F). A conversion
graph can be very useful in converting temperatures from one unit to the other.
{@) Rule a set of axes on graph paper. Label the horizontal axis"Temperature in *C’and (65; amon he raph
use a scale from -60 to 100. Label the vertical axis’Temperature in °F and use a scale | paper tompresent
from -80 to 220. 1D seyess Con
(b) The freezing point of wateris 0°C or 32°F Write this information as a coordinate point | 11cm onthe gach
for your graph. paper to represen:
> 20 vegreesF onthe
(6) The boiling point of water is 100°C or 212°P. Write this information as a coordinate | vertical axe.
point for your graph.
(@) Plot the two points you found in parts (b) and (¢) onto your number plane and carefully
rule a straight line through them.
Use your temperature conversion graph to answer the following questions
{e) The highest shade temperature recorded in the world was 136°F at Al Aziziyan in
Libya, What temperature is that in °C?
6 Linear greshs 879 () The coldest place in the world is at Vostok, Antarctica, which recorded a temperature
of -89°C. Convert this temperature into °F.
(a) Which is hotter: a temperature of 30°C or 80°F?
{h) Human body temperature is around 98°F. What is this in *C?
() AnAmerican tourist visiting Sydney reads that the maximum temperature forecast for
the day is 35°C. What is this in °F?
Ifyou were visiting New York City, USA, and a weather forecaster predicted a
‘maximum daily temperature of 50°E, describe what you might wear while sightseeing
on this particular day.
10 Anika and Domenic leave the town of Graphville at the same time but in separate cars.
‘They agree to meet at a camping site 60 km away. Anika travels to the camping site at
100 km/h whereas Domenic travels at 80 km/h along the same route.
{@) Rule a set of axes on graph paper. Label the horizontal axis‘Time (min)’and use a scale
from 0 to 60. Label the vertical axis’Distance (km)’and use a scale from 0 to 60,
(b) Draw a graph showing Anika’s journey from Graphville to the camping site,
(6) On the same number plane, draw a graph showing Domenic’s journey from
Graphville to the camping site.
B80 PEARSON mathematics 8 (@) How long does it take Anika to reach the camping site? Has Domenic arrived at the
camping site yet?
(e) How long does Anika have to wait before Domenic arrives?
Open-ended
11 For the linear equation y = ax +b
{@) choose two different sets of values for a and b
(b) draw both graphs on the same Cartesian plane
(6) state the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two straight lines,
(@) verify that this point les on both lines by substituting the coordinates into both equations
12 To convert centimetres to millimetres we use the equation m= 10c, where m is millimetres
and cis centimetres.
{@) Write down two more linear equations that can be used to convert one unit of length
to another unit of length.
{(b) Place the larger of the two variables (the units of length) on the horizontal axis and
draw each equation on Cartesian plane.
Outside .
