Flight Controls Student Guide
Flight Controls Student Guide
SEPTEMBER 2004
STUDENT GUIDE
FOR
THIS PACKAGE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR USE BY: Black Hawk (UH-60) Helicopter Maintenance Test Pilot
Training Program
PROPONENT FOR THIS TSP IS: AVAITION TRAINING BRIGADE ATTN; ATZQ-ATB-CA Ft.
Rucker, Alabama 36362-5000
FOREIGN DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS: Unclassified: This product/publication has been reviewed
by the product developers in coordination with the
USAALS foreign disclosure authority. This product is
releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-
by-case basis.
MARCH 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
SECTION I. -INTRODUCTION
ACTION: Identify the location, purpose, and rig characteristics of the UH-60 Flight Control
system.
CONDITIONS: As a UH-60 Maintenance test pilot.
STANDARD: In Accordance with (IAW) UH-60 Technical Manuals.
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: Will be addressed as NOTES, CAUTIONS, and WARNINGS throughout the
lesson outline.
EVALUATION: None
3
SECTION II. -PRESENTATION
ACTION: Identify the routing of the Flight Controls System of the UH-60 helicopter.
(1) The forward flight controls consist of the collective, cyclic control
systems.
(4) Cyclic control sticks control forward, rearward, and lateral helicopter
movements.
(5) Collective control sticks control vertical helicopter movements, and the
tail rotor control pedals control helicopter headings.
4
(6) Hydraulic power is supplied by the first stage, second stage, and backup
hydraulic systems.
(8) Assistance for the pilot or copilot in pitch, roll, and yaw control is
provided by the Stability Augmentation System (SAS), Flight Path
Stabilization (FPS), and electromechanical trim.
(1) Pilot and copilot controls are routed through the cockpit floor and control
inputs intermix at the overhead connections.
(3) Inputs are made by push rods and bellcranks for both main and tail
rotors to the forward quadrant, where the tail rotor inputs are changed to
the cables until reaching the aft tail rotor quadrant, where they are
changed to push rods.
5
Frame # 0056 (Flight Control Routing)
(4) Control inputs are transferred from the cockpit to the rotor blades by
mechanical linkages, and hydraulic servos.
(5) Dual cockpit controls consist of the cyclic stick, collective stick and
pedals.
(6) The pilot and copilot controls are routed separately to a combining
linkage for each control axis.
6
(a) Collective Flight Control Routing
7
Frame # 0076 (Collective Flight Control Routing)
8
(b) Pitch Flight Control Routing
1) The pitch flight control routing begins at the pilot, and co-
pilot cyclic.
9
Fame # 0077 (Pitch Flight Control Routing)
10
(c) Roll Flight Control Routing
1) The roll flight control routing begins at the pilot, and co-
pilot cyclic.
11
Fame # 0078 (Roll Flight Control Routing)
12
(d) Yaw Flight Control Routing
1) The yaw flight control routing begins at the pilot, and co-
pilot pedals. Control rods are attached at the pedals,
routed to the forward cabin side walls, to the overhead
forward cabin to the torque shaft tube.
13
Frame #0079 (Yaw Flight Control Routing)
14
c. Cabin Center Section Controls
(3) These bearings are checked during the MTP Flight Control Breakout
Forces check.
(4) Bearings are checked in all levers, bellcranks, and push-pull tubes, from
the cockpit, troubleshoot IAW the bearing inspection, or “binding”, IAW
the TM/IETM.
15
Frame # 0068 (Trim Servos)
(5) The Yaw and Roll torque tubes also go forward and attach to the Trim
Servos.
16
Frame # 0070 (Mixing Unit)
(6) The mixing unit mechanically combines inputs to the main rotor and
provides proportional control movements to the tail rotor.
(7) This takes place through the collective to yaw coupling, and through the
hydraulic primary servos.
(8) The Main Rotor Swashplate receives input from the primary servos
through control rods, which changes blade pitch.
17
Frame # 0072 (Directional Torque Shaft)
(9) From the mixing unit, flight controls are routed down through the cabin,
to the directional torque shaft, that connects to the yaw lever shaft and
then to the forward quadrant assembly.
18
Frame # 0075 (Control Cable Routing)
(10) The left and right control cables run from the forward quadrant to the aft
quadrant.
19
Frame # 0075A (Control Cable)
(13) Turnbuckles allow the cable tension to be adjusted so both cables will
have equal tension with the pedals and collective centered.
20
Frame # 0075A2 (Locking Pins Operation; FLASH)
(14) The cable turnbuckle safety clips have to be removed to adjust the cable
tension.
(15) The cables themselves, should not be disconnected unless the spring
tension has been removed or locked out first.
21
Frame # 0075A2 (Locking Pins Operation; FLASH)
22
Frame # 0075C (Tail Rotor Servo and Pitch Change Shaft)
(17) The Tail Rotor (T/R) directional control system determines helicopter
heading, or yaw, by controlling pitch of the tail rotor blades.
(18) The control pedals are connected through a series of control rods,
bellcranks, the yaw boost servo, the mixing unit, cables, to the tail rotor
servo.
(19) This moves the pitch change beam to change tail rotor blade angles.
(20) The tail rotor controls are powered by the first stage or backup hydraulic
systems.
23
Frame # 0075C (Tail Rotor Servo and Pitch Change Shaft)
(22) If either cable breaks, the tail rotor servo can be controlled with the one
remaining tail rotor cable, countered by one spring cylinder.
24
Frame # 0075C (Tail Rotor Servo and Pitch Change Shaft)
(23) The 10.5 degree pitch setting of the tail rotor, with the loss of both tail
rotor cables, is attended due to the spring drums mounted on the tail
rotor servo assembly that position the respective pilot valves.
25
Frame # 0075D (Aft Quadrant FLASH)
(24) The cables are attached to Cable Fail switches on the AFT quadrant.
(25) If the cable breaks, the switch will illuminate the caution advisory
capsule, and the spring cylinders keep pressure on that side of the
quadrant to maintain T/R control.
26
Frame # 0075D (Aft Quadrant FLASH)
27
Frame # 0075E (Tail Rotor)
(26) The pitch beam uses pitch change rods to make inputs to the T/R
blades.
(27) The angle that the T/R servo centers at is determined by the adjustment
of the T/R pitch change rods, which adds another 3º of pitch to the
blades if both T/R cables break.
28
d. Directional Controls
(1) The tail rotor is connected by bellcranks, idlers, and control rods, to the
hydraulic yaw boost servo for power assist, and then through the mixing
unit, to the forward quadrant assembly to the control cables.
(2) Control cables transmit this movement to the rear control quadrant, then
to a control rod to the hydraulic tail rotor servo.
(3) This moves the pitch change beam, which changes the tail rotor blade
angles.
29
Frame #0061 (Collective Operation FLASH)
(4) The primary servos raise or lower the main rotor swashplate, which
changes blade pitch.
30
Frame # 0061 (Collective Operation FLASH)
31
Frame # 0062 (Cyclic Operation FLASH))
(6) The Swashplate links connect the Forward, Aft, and Lateral bellcrank
inputs, which move the pitch control rods vertically to change pitch in the
main rotor blades.
32
CHECK ON LEARNING
1. Which of the following controls is routed from the hydraulic deck, back inside the
cabin ceiling?
33
SECTION III. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the Flight Controls System lesson of the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• The flight controls consist of the collective, cyclic, and tail rotor (directional)
control systems.
• These systems use a series of push-pull rods, bellcranks, cables, pulleys, and
servos that transmit control movements from the cockpit to the main and tail
rotors.
• Hydraulic power is supplied by the first stage, second stage, and backup
hydraulic systems. Electrical power is supplied by the AC and DC electrical
system.
• Assistance for the pilot or copilot in pitch, roll, and yaw control is provided by the
Stability Augmentation System (SAS), Flight Path Stabilization (FPS), and
electromechanical trim.
• Pilot and copilot controls are routed through the cockpit floor and control inputs
intermix at the overhead connections. All controls are routed outside of the
bulkhead.
• If ever a need to remove push-pull rods, be sure to mark tubes from the front to
rear and top to bottom.
• The AFT quadrant is connected to the T/R servo by a push-pull rod.
34
B. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No.2
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of Flight Safety Critical Aircraft Parts and Self-
retaining bolt used in the system.
(1) A Flight Safety Part (FSP) or a Flight Safety Critical Aircraft Part
(FSCAP) is defined as a part, assembly, or installation procedure with
one or more critical characteristics that, if not conforming to the design
data or quality requirements, could result in the serious injury or death of
crew members and/or serious damage to the helicopter.
35
Frame # 0130 (Critical Characteristic)
36
Frame # 0150 (Critical Characteristic Connections)
37
Frame # 0175 (Impedance Bolts FLASH)
38
Frame # 0175 (Impedance Bolts FLASH)
WARNING: FLIGHT SAFETY PARTS outside diameter and bolt head shoulder of self-retaining bolts are
critical surfaces which must not be damaged.
39
10) Any of the Self-Retaining bolts must have a retaining
ring or retaining ball intact during installation.
40
Frame # 0170 (Self-Retaining bolts)
41
Frame # 0171 (Self-Retaining bolts)
42
Frame # 0171 (Self-Retaining bolts)
22) The lateral link was damaged beyond repair and the
spacer sleeve showed visible damage as well.
43
CHECK ON LEARNING
1. A Flight Safety Part (FSP) or a Flight Safety Critical Aircraft Part (FSCAP) is
defined as?
44
SECTION IV. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the Flight Safety Critical Aircraft Parts and Self-retaining bolts for the UH-60
helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• A Flight Safety Part (FSP) or a Flight Safety Critical Aircraft Part (FSCAP) is
defined as a part, assembly or installation procedure with one or more critical
characteristics.
• If Flight Safety components do not conform to the design data or quality
requirements, they could result in the serious injury or death of crew members
and/or serious damage to the helicopter.
• A critical characteristic is any dimension, tolerance, finish, material
manufacturing, assembly or inspection process, or other feature which, if
nonconforming or missing, could cause failure or malfunction of the FSCAP.
• Throughout the maintenance procedures, warnings appear, emphasizing critical
instructions to be followed. These warnings are identified as "FSCAP" warnings
and are inserted whenever and wherever necessary.
• Critical characteristics not introduced during manufacturing, but critical in terms
of assembly/installation (e.g. proper torque), are termed installation critical
characteristics.
• All Torque stripes are used to identify all fasteners with critical characteristic
torque or installation procedures.
• There are two types of self-retaining bolts used in the flight controls: Impedance Self-
Retaining and Locking Type Self-Retaining bolts.
• Any of the Self-Retaining bolts must have a retaining ring or retaining ball intact
during installation.
• During inspection or when installing any of the different type bolts, the retaining
ring, split collar, or retaining balls, must provide resistance when going into the
bolt hole.
• Locking type Self-Retaining bolts (Pivot-bolts) are used as the primary
connections in the flight controls system to prevent components from
disconnecting accidentally.
• The 15 different bolt connections are identified by the retaining balls or a spilt
collar, which are locked in place until the plunger head is depressed.
• For ball-type bolts, make sure retaining balls cannot be pushed in without first
depressing button in center of bolt head. Self-retaining bolts may be reused
provided the bolt shows no sign of corrosion, fretting, nicks, or damaged threads,
and the retaining mechanism is not damaged.
• Self-Retaining (impedance) bolts are used as the primary connections in the
flight controls system to prevent components from disconnecting accidentally.
• Self-Retaining bolts are identified by a split collar on the bolt shank at the
threaded end. The collar provides the self-retaining feature of the bolt.
45
C. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No.3
ACTION: Identify the Stops in the flight control system of the UH-60 helicopter.
(1) There are three physical control stops throughout the flight control
system, Bolt Stops, Limiters and the Servo pistons.
(2) Each type determines the maximum range and prevents over travel of
the flight control movement.
46
b. Mixer Limiters
(1) Mixing unit roller limiters provide a spongy feel to the pilot and copilot
when the control stick is moved full right, left, fore, and aft as the roller
passes over the lateral (roll) and longitudinal (pitch) limiters in mixer.
47
Frame # 0210 (Mixer Limiters)
(2) Check to ensure that roller on mixer output crank is contacting aft limiter
and that roller cannot be rotated using finger pressure.
(3) If the roller does not contact the either limiter in the mixer, check for
interference with linkage forward of the mixer assembly, and clear it
away.
48
c. Adjustable Collective Bolt Stop
(1) The collective bolt stops are metal to metal contacts located on the base
of the pilot and copilot collective stick.
49
d. Adjustable Directional Bolt Stop
(1) The Yaw Lever Bolt stops (directional) are metal to metal contacts
located at located on the Yaw lever assembly at cabin overhead station
frame 300.
50
e. Adjustable Cyclic Bolt Stop
(1) The cyclic bolt stops are metal to metal contacts located at the base of
the pilot and copilot cyclic stick.
51
CHECK ON LEARNING
52
SECTION V. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the stops in the flight control system lesson of the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• There are physical control stops in the flight control system called, Bolt Stops. Bolt stops
determine the maximum range of the flight control movement.
• The Bolt stops are located at the base of the copilot collective stick.
• Proper adjustment of the Yaw stops are key to proper function of the Collective to Yaw,
which compensates for changes in torque effect caused by changes in collective position.
• The Directional Pedal Bolt Stops are located on the Yaw lever assembly at cabin
overhead station frame 300.
• The cyclic stick bolt stops are located at the base of the cyclic stick. The secondary
stops for the pitch and roll axis are located at the yoke assembly and has a 0.010 to
0.030 gap.
53
D. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No.4
ACTION: Identify the Directional Control system from the cockpit to the tail rotor.
(1) The pedals are mechanically coupled and permit the pilot and copilot to
control helicopter headings.
(3) Each set of pedals can be adjusted to the pilot's leg length.
(4) The adjuster holds the pedals to a set position by use of a Hydrostatic
Piston and spring assembly.
54
Frame # 0275 (Directional Routing Flight Controls)
(6) Trim release micro switches are located on each pedal along with the
brake system master cylinders.
(7) However there are different pedal manufacturers and all pedal
assemblies are interchangeable.
55
Frame # 0275 (Directional Routing Flight Controls)
(8) The horizontal control rods are routed through the cabin overhead torque
shaft and lever, aft to the yaw boost servo control rod and to the mixing
unit; from the mixing unit down through the airframe to the aft cables, to
the second directional torque shaft, pushrods, and to the tail rotor
quadrant.
56
Frame # 0275 (Directional Routing Flight Controls)
(9) A tail rotor quadrant, mounted on the tail gear box, transmits tail rotor
cable movements into the tail rotor servo.
(10) This moves the pitch change shaft to change tail rotor blade angles.
(11) The tail rotor controls are powered by the first stage or backup hydraulic
systems.
57
b. MTF Checks and Pedals
(1) A Maintenance Test Flight (MTF) is a functional test flight for which the
primary purpose is to determine whether the airframe, power plant,
accessories and other equipment are functioning in accordance with
predetermined requirements.
(2) For the Yaw pedals, perform the following: pull the pedal adjust lock
release, with both feet on pedals and allow the pedals to move slowly to
the full aft position.
58
Frame # 0285 (MTF Checks and Pedals FLASH)
(4) Check that the lock will hold pedals in different positions throughout full
range of travel.
(5) Check that the lock will hold pedals in different positions throughout full
range of travel.
(6) Check that the lock will hold pedals in different positions throughout full
range of travel.
(7) Check that seat moves through full range smoothly. Once the check is
complete, set the seat, pedals and adjust for flight.
59
CHECK ON LEARNING
60
SECTION VI. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the Identify the Stops in the flight control system of the UH-60
helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• The tail rotor control system determines helicopter heading or yaw attitude by
controlling the pitch in the tail rotor blades.
• Pedal adjuster holds its set position by use of a Hydrostatic Piston and spring
assembly. It is held in place by bearing brackets.
• Trim release micro switches are located on each pedal along with the brake
system master cylinders.
• There are different pedal manufacturers and all pedal assemblies are
interchangeable.
• When performing the MTF checks, follow all instructions according the latest
Army MTF check list.
61
E. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No.5
ACTION: Identify the Cyclic Controls system from the cockpit to the main rotor.
a. Cyclic Controls
(1) The cyclic system provides forward, rear, and lateral control of the
helicopter.
(2) The pilot and copilot cyclic sticks are mechanically-coupled, lever-type
controls.
(4) Damage to pilot-assist servo module will result if dirt is allowed to enter
components during disassembly.
(6) Have replacement reducer ready for installation before old reducer is
removed.
62
(7) At the base of the cyclic stick is a yoke assemblies (one within the other),
which allow for FWD /AFT and LFT/RHT movement.
(8) The cyclic stick has a bow, instead of a straight shaft, to allow it to
collapse down and forward in the event of a hard landing.
(1) Control rods and bellcranks are used to transmit cyclic inputs, both
laterally and longitudinally, to the forward cabin lower bellcrank supports.
63
Frame # 0325 (Cyclic Controls Routing)
(4) The routing continues aft with the adjustable control rods to the Trim
assemblies, and the Pilot Assists, SAS assemblies, to the mixing unit.
64
Frame # 0325 (Cyclic Controls Routing)
(5) The controls are routed aft to the mixing unit and primary servos, and
then out to the bellcranks in the bridge support area.
(6) Inputs are made to the main rotor by bellcranks and pushrods connected
to the swashplate assembly.
65
CHECK ON LEARNING
1. Select the correct axis listed above, that is isolated by the two rig pins.
66
SECTION VII. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the correct routing of the cyclic controls from the cockpit to the main
rotor lesson for the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• The Cyclic Control controls longitudinal and lateral direction of the helicopter by
differentially changing the pitch in the main rotor blades.
• Cyclic Controls are mechanically coupled lever type controls which have a
forward center of gravity and a large bow to aid in collapsing down and forward in
a crash sequence.
• Control rods and bellcranks are used to transmit cyclic inputs both laterally and
longitudinally to the forward cabin lower bellcrank supports. Vertical control rods
(adjustable) connect to the upper bellcrank supports.
• Horizontal control rods are connected in the cabin overhead to longitudinal and
lateral torque shafts and levers which change the push-pull mechanical
movement into a rotating force.
• Adjustable control rods continue aft to the Pitch Trim assembly and Roll SAS
assembly in the pilot assist area.
• Swashplate links connect the Forward, Aft, and Lateral bellcrank inputs to the
swashplate, which move the pitch control rods vertically to change pitch in the
main rotor blades.
67
F. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No. 6
ACTION: Identify the Collective Controls System from the cockpit to the main rotor.
a. Collective Controls
WARNING: Injury to personnel and damage to equipment will result if friction lock is adjusted incorrectly,
resulting in a collective stick which cannot be moved with friction lock full on. Make sure
friction lock is adjusted so that collective stick retains full range of motion when friction lock
is full on.
(1) The pilot collective control stick assembly consists of a grip assembly,
friction lock and boot assembly, tube assembly, socket assembly, drag
strut assembly, and associated wiring.
68
Frame # 0355 (Collective Controls)
(4) The copilot collective control stick assembly consists of a grip assembly,
telescoping tube assembly, socket assembly, and associated wiring.
Both stick assemblies use the same grip assembly.
69
Frame # 0065 (Collective Assembly)
(6) The collective stick assemblies are mounted to the airframe by a base
plate.
(7) The base plate has a cannon plug for the collective switches and two
primary bolt stops.
(8) While performing collective friction checks, the force required to move
the collective should not exceed 40 lbs of pressure.
70
Frame # 0360 (Collective Friction Lock FLASH)
(9) The pilot collective stick contains the friction grip assembly and pivots on
the base assembly.
(10) The friction grip has two mechanical stops, which are labeled full ON and
RELEASE.
(11) Care must taken to check the collective control stick for dirt, nicks,
scratches, corrosion, or other damage that could stop friction lock and
sleeve from sliding smoothly on the stick.
71
Frame # 0360 (Collective Friction Lock FLASH)
(12) As the friction grip threads onto the sleeve, it collapses the collet
halves on the collective stick.
(13) The amount of friction is set when the stop segment on the friction
grip contacts the stop and guard.
(14) The amount of friction is increased by turning friction grip toward stop
and guard, and decreased by turning the friction grip away from stop
and guard.
72
CHECK ON LEARNING
73
SECTION VIII. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the Identify the correct routing of the collective controls from the
cockpit to the main rotor lesson for the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• The copilot collective stick assembly consists of a grip assembly, telescoping
tube assembly, socket assembly, and associated wiring.
• The collective has a base plate which contains the bolt stops and socket
assembly.
• The friction grip has two mechanical stops which are full ON and RELEASE.
Check collective stick for dirt, nicks, scratches, corrosion, or other damage that
could stop friction lock and sleeve from sliding smoothly on the stick.
• As the friction grip threads into sleeve, it squeezes the collet halves on the
collective stick.
• The friction grip is turned toward the stop and guard to reduce friction.
74
G. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No. 7
ACTION: Identify the characteristics of the Torque Shafts and their purpose.
a. Torque Shafts
(1) The collective, pitch, roll, yaw torque shafts, located on the hydraulic
deck, convert a push-pull movement into a rotating movement.
(2) The torque shaft consists of torque tubes and levers, which are serial
numbered matched sets.
(3) They provide feedback to the control stick associated with that Torque
shaft.
75
b. Torque Lever
(1) The torque shaft assembly routes the flight control inputs through the
airframe, using shims for precise alignment.
(2) The lever is attached to the torque tube using tapered pins, which allow
precise fitting and prevent elongation.
(3) The yaw channel uses one torque shaft, which transmits the yaw input to
the pilot assist area.
76
c. Balance Spring Operation
(2) When friction is full off, the collective will remain in position.
77
Frame # 0415 (Balance Spring Operation FLASH)
78
Frame # 0415 (Balance Spring Operation FLASH)
(3) The pitch torque shaft also works in conjunction with an adjustable
balance spring that keeps the cyclic in position in the pitch axis.
79
Frame # 0415 (Balance Spring Operation FLASH)
80
CHECK ON LEARNING
3. What function does the Torque shaft perform in the Flight Control system?
81
SECTION IX. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the Torque shafts and their purpose lesson for the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• The collective, pitch, and yaw torque shafts convert a push-pull movement into a
rotating movement.
• The torque shaft and lever are a serial numbered matched item.
• The lever is attached to the torque tube using tapered pins which allow precise
fitting and prevent elongation.
• The torque shaft assembly routes the flight control inputs through the airframe.
The torque shafts are attached to the airframe using shims for precise alignment.
• The yaw channel uses two torque shafts. The first brings the yaw input up to the
pilot assist area and the second transfers the movement back down to the cabin
overhead.
• The collective torque shaft works in conjunction with an adjustable balance
spring that keeps the collective in position with the friction released.
• The pitch torque shaft also works in conjunction with an adjustable balance
spring that keeps the cyclic in position in the pitch axis.
82
H. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No. 8
a. Mixer Assembly
(2) With collective input, the primary servos will all move in the same
direction to increase or decrease pitch in the main rotor blades, but will
move at differing rates and distances.
(3) The two load demand cables/spindles adjust are connected to the
collective control tube of the mixer and respective engines.
(4) The load-demand cable/spindle adjusts the engine gas generator (Ng)
speed to a level about equal to the rotor load, thereby reducing transient
droop.
83
Frame # 0450 (Mixer Assembly)
WARNING: FLIGHT SAFETY PARTS Verification of proper hardware installation, torque, safety
installation, and proof torque of self-retaining bolts are critical characteristics.
(5) The mechanical couplings are collective to pitch, roll, and yaw and yaw
to pitch.
(7) The mechanical couplings compensate for the torque effect caused by
changes in collective position, and also has the ability to decrease tail
rotor pitch as airspeed increases and the tail rotor and cambered fin
becomes more efficient.
(9) The collective stick position sensors are mounted on the right side of the
mixer along with a third sensor on the UH-60L model.
(10) The SAS/FPS computer commands the yaw trim actuator to change tail
rotor pitch as collective position changes.
84
Frame # 0455 (Mixer Assembly Limiters)
(14) The longitudinal and lateral Mixing Unit Roller Limiters are attached to
the mixer assembly.
(16) It has the ability to decrease tail rotor pitch as airspeed increases and the
tail rotor and cambered fin become more efficient.
85
CHECK ON LEARNING
3. On what model helicopter can you find the third cannon plug for the position stick
sensors?
86
SECTION X. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the function of the Mixing Unit lesson for the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• The Mixer reduces inherent control coupling by mechanically coupling the
collective inputs to the pitch, roll, and yaw channels and by mechanically
coupling the yaw inputs to the pitch channel.
• The load demand spindles are connected to the collective control tube of the
mixer.
• The mechanical couplings are collective to pitch, roll, and yaw and yaw to pitch.
• The collective stick position sensors are mounted on the right side of the mixer
along with a third sensor on the L model.
• The longitudinal and lateral limiters are located in the mixer.
87
I. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No. 9
WARNING: A maintenance test flight is an exceptionally demanding operation and requires a thorough
flight readiness inspection (PREFLIGHT). The flight readiness inspection is prescribed in TM 1-1520-
237-10 Operator’s Manual and must be completed before each maintenance test flight. Emergency
procedures are found in the applicable Operator’s Manual (-10) or Checklist (-CL) and are not duplicated
in this publication.
NOTE: A main rotor complete rig is required after any major helicopter flight controls have been
overhauled, after an extensive repair has been done due to ballistic landing (hard landing), crash
damage, after 1000 hour internal maintenance flight control rod inspection, or when directed by
maintenance officer.
(1) Rigging of the flight control system consists of coordinating cyclic stick,
collective stick, and yaw pedal movements, with correct blade angles at
the main and tail rotors.
88
(3) It is essential to keep the helicopter perfectly still while zeroing and
taking blade angle readings.
(4) The digital protractor, or the propeller protractor, is the preferred tool to
accomplish this.
(8) Cycle all controls a minimum of three times, do not recycle controls until
all readings have been taken for a particular position or component.
89
b. Complete Rig Pin Set
(1) There are five different rigging procedures for flight controls on the UH-
60 helicopter: a Main Rotor Complete rig, Main Rotor rig check, Primary
Servo Four-point rig check, Tail Rotor Complete rig, and Tail Rotor rig
check.
(2) A Main Rotor Complete rig is required if the Main Rotor rig check fails, or
by direction of the maintenance officer.
90
c. Main Rotor Rig Check Requirements
(1) A main rotor complete rigging is required after major helicopter flight
controls overhaul, after extensive repair has been done due to ballistic or
crash damage, after 1000 hour internal flight control rod inspection, or
when directed by the maintenance officer.
(2) A Main Rotor rig check is required whenever a main gear box, rotor
head, bellcrank support, or when any flight control component is
replaced.
(3) Fixed length pushrods, bellcranks, and idlers are interchangeable without
a rigging check.
91
d. Primary Servo Four-Point Rig Check Requirements
CAUTION: When rigging is being accomplished with the blades OFF, restrain the anti flap assembly
cams. Damage to the anti flap assembly will result if the anti flap assembly cams are not restrained prior
to any collective input.
(1) A Primary Servo four point rig check is required when a primary servo
has been replaced.
(3) Any work done on longitudinal and collective requires a recheck of yaw
system due to the coupling in mixer.
(4) If a forward servo or aft servo was replaced, both the longitudinal and
lateral blade angle checks are to be performed.
(5) If only a lateral servo was replaced, only the lateral blade angle check is
to be performed.
92
e. Tail Rotor Complete Rig Check Requirements
(1) A tail rotor complete rig is required whenever any major changes in tail
rotor flight controls are made, or adjustments are made to flight controls
not covered in the tail rotor rig check.
(2) The main rotor must be in proper rig before any rigging is to be
completed on the tail rotor section.
93
f. Main Rotor System Complete Rig
CAUTION: Damage to flight control components will result if hydraulic power is shut down during rigging
with rigging pins still installed. Make sure all rigging pins are removed before shutting down hydraulic
power.
(1) To begin a Main Rotor system complete rig, remove the main rotor pylon
sliding cover and mixer work platform.
(2) The main rotor complete rig can be separated into two separate parts.
(3) The first is commonly referred to as a dry rig (hydraulics OFF). The dry
rig, centers the flight controls, allows for full range of motion (as required)
for flight, and ensures the flight control rods have adequate clearance.
(4) The second part, commonly referred to as a wet rig (hydraulics ON)
consists of setting the swashplate to a nominal angle and adjusting the
fwd, aft and lateral control as necessary to achieve the proper main rotor
blade angles.
94
g. Main Rotor System Complete Rig
(1) Disconnect the engine Load-Demand Spindle (LDS) cables from the
mixer levers.
95
Frame # 0515 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
96
Frame # 0515 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
97
Frame # 0515 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(c) Shearing of the spring pin in collective bias tube will result if
collective stick is moved while drill rod is installed.
98
1) Flight Control Access Panel
99
Frame # 0520 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(f) Remove pilot and copilot collective stick covers and boots.
100
Frame # 0520 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(g) Remove boots and center floor panels around pilot and copilot
pedal assemblies.
101
Frame # 0525 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
102
Frame # 0530 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
103
Frame # 0535 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH)
(j) Extend the copilot collective stick to its flight ready position.
(k) On the copilot collective stick, check that the collective low pitch
stop bolt head is at 0.630 to 0.700 inches above support.
(l) If the copilot low collective stop bolt is beyond limits, back off jam
nut on copilot low collective stop bolt.
(m) Adjust stop bolt to obtain 0.630 to 0.700 -inch gap between bolt
head and support.
104
Frame # 0535 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH)
105
(o) With the collective sticks in the full down position, check that grip
height of the pilot stick is the same as grip height of the copilot
stick ± 1/16-inch.
(p) If the pilot stick grip height is beyond limits, adjust as required.
106
Frame # 0545 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(r) Adjust the pilot collective low pitch stop bolt until the grip height
of the pilot collective stick is same as the grip height of copilot
collective stick ± 1/16-inch.
107
Frame # 0545 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(t) Adjust and connect the pilot and copilot overhead control rod to
the collective torque shaft lever.
108
Frame # 0550 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(v) Once an adjustment has been made to any of the rod ends,
check to make sure that 0.020-inch lock wire will not pass
through inspection hole in rod end.
(x) If the 0.020-inch lock wire passes through the inspection hole,
readjust control rods until all control rods are within limits.
109
Frame # 0555 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(y) Install rigging pins from kit, 70700-20389-042, for the following
axis: Pitch, Roll, Collective, and Yaw.
110
Frame # 0555 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
111
Frame # 0555 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
112
Frame # 0555 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
113
Frame # 0555 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
114
Frame # 0560 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(dd) With pedal rigging pins installed in both pedal adjustors, adjust
control rods, if necessary, for pedal alignment.
(ee) If adjustments are required, adjust the rod ends 1/2 turn in one
control rod and 1/2 turn out in other.
(ff) Check to make sure that 0.020-inch lock wire, will not pass
through inspection hole in rod end.
115
Frame # 0563 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(gg) If the yaw torque shaft rigging pin will not slide in and out easily,
adjust collective, pitch, roll, or yaw channel overhead control
rods as necessary.
116
Frame # 0565 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(hh) Set the cyclic stick for maximum aft longitudinal (pitch) range of
travel.
(ii) Remove the pilot and copilot longitudinal (pitch) rigging pins from
the cyclic sticks.
(kk) Loosen the pilot and copilot aft cyclic stick stops and move the
cyclic stick aft until binding is felt.
117
Frame # 0570 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ll) Adjust longitudinal (pitch) control rods between pitch torque shaft
and cyclic stick until binding occurs at pitch link/pitch control
lever connection.
(mm) While holding aft cyclic, adjust pilot cyclic rear stop bolt until it
touches the stick; then turn out approximately 1/2-turn more until
binding is removed.
(nn) Adjust the copilot's aft stop bolt until it touches as the same time
as the pilot's.
118
Frame # 0570 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(oo) Reinstall the pilot and copilot longitudinal (pitch) rigging pins in
the cyclic sticks.
(pp) Install the pitch torque shaft rigging pin in the pitch torque shaft.
(qq) If the rigging pin will not go into the torque shaft, repeat as
required for the pitch channel.
119
Frame # 0572 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
120
Frame # 0575 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ss) Bottom collective boost servo in full low collective position (push
control rod to rear until piston bottoms internally in the servo
housing).
(tt) The internal gap between the input clevis washer and housing
gland nut should be 0.035 ± 0.013-inch.
121
Frame # 0575 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
122
Frame # 0580 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(vv) Use these steps to adjust any of the control rod ends.
123
Frame # 0580 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ww) Loosen the jam nut and sleeve jam nut, slide locking device
away from sleeve.
(xx) Thread sleeve into the tube assembly to make the control rod
shorter or out to make the rod longer.
124
Frame # 0580 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(yy) Tighten the sleeve jam nut until a sharp rise is felt, then tighten
1/3 to 1/6 more.
125
Frame # 0580 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(zz) Line up the key of locking device on the sleeve side of the
control rod with keyway in sleeve.
(aaa) Line up the mesh end side of the locking device with the sleeve
side of the locking device, and tighten the jam nut, torque rod
end jam nut IAW TM and lock wire.
126
Frame # 0585 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ccc) Ensure the pilot collective stick is resting on the low collective
bolt stop.
(ddd) If the pilot collective stick is touching the low collective bolt stop,
no adjustment is required.
(eee) If the pilot collective stick is not touching the low collective bolt
stop, adjust the bolt stop until the stick touches, then lengthen
1/4 turn more.
127
Frame # 0585 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(fff) Check for 0.010 to 0.030-inch gap between the copilot collective
stick and the low collective bolt stop.
128
Frame # 0590 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(iii) If necessary, adjust pitch, roll, and yaw input control rods as
required.
129
Frame # 0595 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
130
Frame # 0600 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(kkk) Install long mixer rigging pin, 70700-20380-046, in the right side
of the mixer.
(lll) If long mixer rigging pin cannot be installed, adjust collective, roll,
and yaw boost servo to mixer control rods and pitch input control
rods until long mixer rigging pin can be installed.
131
Frame # 0605 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
CAUTION: Damage to flight control components will result if normal cockpit control forces are applied
against a pin point aft of boost servos when not restrained by an intermediate pin point.
Make sure all rigging pin requirements are carefully followed when hydraulic pressure is
applied to helicopter.
Damage to flight control components will result if hydraulic power is shut down during rigging
with rigging pins still installed. Make sure all rigging pins are removed before shutting down
hydraulic power.
NOTE: Do not adjust primary servo input control rods when connecting them to servos. Move controls as
required to align control rod to servo mounting holes.
Backup pump should be used only as an alternate source to power hydraulic systems. External
hydraulic power should be applied whenever available.
(mmm) Remove all rigging pins and connect the forward, aft, and lateral
main rotor primary servo input control rods to the servos.
(nnn) Connect the vertical yaw output control rod to the mixer.
132
Frame # 0610 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
NOTE: When connector, P469R, is disconnected, AUTO FLT CONT panel BOOST ON light does not
illuminate when boost is on. Connector, P469R, is disconnected to prevent inadvertent boost
disengagement during rig. If BOOST SERVO OFF capsule is on, no hydraulic boost servo
pressure exists.
(ppp) To perform the BOOST ON, SAS OFF procedure, locate and
identify the AUTO FLT CONTROL panel, and disengage the
BOOST, SAS 1, and SAS 2 switches.
(qqq) Verify that BOOST SERVO OFF and SAS OFF capsules are
illuminated.
133
Frame # 0610 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ttt) Apply electrical power and verify that SAS OFF capsule is on
and BOOST SERVO OFF capsule is off.
134
Frame # 0615 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(uuu) Install the following rigging pins, Pitch torque shaft, 70700-
20380-043, Roll torque shaft, 70700-20380-043, Yaw torque
shaft, 70700-20380-043, and Yaw boost servo, 70700-20380-
062.
135
Frame # 0620 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
CAUTION: Damage to flight controls will result if controls in cockpit are moved while attempting to install
three large rigging pins. Make sure all personnel are out of cockpit before attempting to install any of the
three large rigging pins.
NOTE: Correct alignment of rigging pin holes in forward bellcrank support with holes in forward bellcrank,
lateral bellcrank, and walking beam is required to properly set initial position of swashplate relative to
cockpit controls. This is only a preliminary adjustment and any future changes in length to primary servo
input control rods will result in the inability to install one or more of the three large rigging pins.
(vvv) Position the collective stick full down and lock in place.
136
Frame # 0625 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
NOTE: Do not leave any of the three large rigging pins installed in forward bellcrank support. The
following checks are for slip-fit only and pin should be removed after attempting to install it.
(www) To set the swashplate to its initial position, adjust primary servo
input control rods so that rigging pin holes in forward bellcrank
support can be visually seen to line up with rigging pin holes in
forward bellcrank, lateral bellcrank, and walking beam.
137
Frame # 0630 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(yyy) If the rig pins will not slide in easily, adjust primary servo input
control rod(s) until all three large rigging pins will slide easily into
rigging pin hole.
(zzz) Once all three large rigging pins will slide easily into rigging pin
holes, setting of swashplate initial position is complete.
(aaaa) Initially bias is set and the forward and aft primary servo input
control rods are adjusted as follows: adjust the forward primary
servo input control rod 1/2-turn in, and then adjust the aft primary
servo input control rod 1/2-turn out.
138
Frame # 0635 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(bbbb) Remove rigging pins from the pitch torque shaft, roll torque shaft,
and yaw torque shaft.
139
Frame # 0637 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(dddd) Install damper blocks and turn main rotor head until the black
index marks on the swashplate line up and No. 1 (red) blade,
(master blade) in the 90° position, with the pitch control rod over
front longitudinal (pitch) input.
140
Frame # 0640 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
141
Frame # 0645 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(gggg) Install a rig pin in the pilot cyclic control stick, in the fore-and-aft
(pitch) direction rig pin position, 70700-20380-065.
142
Frame # 0645 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(hhhh) Install a rig pin in the pilot cyclic stick lateral (roll) direction rig
pin, 70700-20380-066.
143
Frame # 0645 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(iiii) Install a rig pin in the yaw boost servo F-pin, rig pin, 70700-
20380-062.
144
Frame # 0650 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
NOTE: If jacks are available, jack helicopter slightly (just enough to relieve load on landing gear struts) so
that helicopter will not rock if personnel enter or exit helicopter while blade angle readings are
being taken.
Use main rotor rigging worksheet to record readings. Refer to the general reading instructions for
sample rigging worksheet with calculations.
Cycle collective at least three times before taking collective pitch readings. After cycling controls
three times, do not recycle controls until all readings have been taken for a particular
cyclic/collective control position.
(jjjj) Turn the main rotor until the stationary and rotating swashplate
alignment marks line up at 90° position for No. 1 (red) blade.
145
Frame # 0650 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
146
Frame # 0650 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(nnnn) Push the pilot collective full down and engage the friction lock.
147
Frame # 0655 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(oooo) Disconnect blade deice electrical connector from the main rotor
blades.
148
Frame # 0660 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
NOTE: One turn of rotating pitch control rod is equal to about 0.5° blade pitch
(pppp) Position the collective stick full down and adjust pitch control rod
of #1 (red) blade until average blade angle (as each blade is
positioned at 90°, 180°, 270°, and 0- 360° locations) is -0.6° ±
0.125°.
(qqqq) Once this angle is satisfied for the red blade, turn each of the
remaining three blades to 90° location and adjust each pitch
control rod to be same as the red blade angle ± 0.1º.
(rrrr) Ensure that exposed threads on each pitch control rod are not
more that 0.75-inch.
149
Frame # 0665 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
CAUTION: Damage to swashplate ball will result if ball is allowed to extend past transmission guide by
more than 0.250-inch when applying full up collective. Swashplate duplex bearing retainer
may also be damaged if ball is allowed to extend past transmission guide by more than 0.250-
inch when applying full up collective and full forward cyclic. Make sure that swashplate ball
does not extend past transmission guide by more than 0.250-inch at any time.
(ssss) Back off copilot collective stick high pitch stop so that they will
not interfere with adjustment of pilot stick stop.
(tttt) Raise and hold the collective stick in the full up position.
(vvvv) After adjusting the pilot stick stop, adjust the copilot collective
stick stop to agree with pilot stick stop.
(wwww) Check that the stationary swashplate ball does not extend past
guide by more than 0.250-inch with the collective stick held
against high stick stop.
150
Frame # 0670 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(xxxx) To adjust the cyclic stick forward (pitch) angle, raise and hold the
collective stick to the full up position and move the cyclic stick to
the full forward position.
(yyyy) Check to ensure that the pitch forward limiter roller on the mixer
cannot be freely turned by hand and that the cyclic stick is not
touching the front stop bolt on yoke.
151
Frame # 0670 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(bbbbb) If the forward limiter roller can be turned by hand, check for
interference with the linkage forward of the mixer.
(ddddd) The forward end of the aft primary servo piston rod must extend
0.16 to 4.96-inches beyond the servo piston gland.
(eeeee) If the servo is bottomed, verify all pitch system rig pins were
properly installed per assembly procedures.
152
Frame # 0675 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
NOTE: Cyclic stick grip is allowed to touch glare shield padding or instrument knobs with forward stop on
cyclic stick properly set.
Make sure that forward and aft primary servo control rods are adjusted in equal and opposite
directions. If one rod is lengthened by 1/2 turn, the other must be shortened by 1/2 turn.
(fffff) If the forward limiter is bottomed and the roller cannot be turned
by hand, but the blade angle is less than 33.0°, adjust by
shortening the forward primary servo control rod by turning barrel
to right (while facing rear) and lengthen aft primary servo control
rod by turning the barrel to left, same amount (while facing rear).
(iiiii) Check to make sure the main rotor aft primary servo is not
bottomed in the extend direction (the rod must extend 0.16 to
4.96-inches beyond servo piston gland).
(jjjjj) If the servo is bottomed, verify all pitch system rig pins were
properly installed per procedures.
153
Frame # 0678 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(kkkkk) While holding high collective, pull cyclic stick to full aft position.
(lllll) Verify the cyclic stick is contacting the aft stick stop. If the stick
stop is not contacted, check the control system for interference.
154
Frame # 0680 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(mmmmm) Position the No. 1 (red) blade in 90° and 270° position,
and read the blade angles in each position.
(nnnnn) The difference between the 90° and 270° position must be 19.0°
or greater. If the difference between 90° and 270° positions is
not 19.0° or greater, verify the aft cyclic control sticks were
properly set; if not adjust as required.
155
Frame # 0685 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(qqqqq) The adjustment of the pitch/trim assembly input control rod may
result in the inability to install long mixer rigging pin in the right
side of the mixer.
(rrrrr) If the control rod was adjusted, check long mixer rigging pin
installation.
(sssss) While attempting to install the long mixer rigging pin in the right
side of the mixer you are unable to install the rigging pin, record
this in the helicopter logbook for future reference.
156
Frame # 0686 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ttttt) Move the collective to the full down position and hold in place.
Install the pilot's cyclic pitch rigging pin and remove the pilot's
cyclic roll rigging pin.
157
Frame # 0690 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(uuuuu) Move the cyclic stick full left until the roller touches the lateral
(roll) left limiter in the mixer.
(vvvvv) If the roller does not contact the lateral left limiter in the mixer,
check for interference with the linkage forward of the mixer, and
clear before proceeding.
158
Frame # 0690 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(wwwww) With the roller contacting the limiter, adjust the pilot and
copilot cyclic left stick stops at the base of the cyclic stick, 0.010
- 0.030 inch clearance between bolt and yoke.
159
Frame # 0695 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(xxxxx) Place the cyclic stick in full left position, position the No. 1 (red)
blade to 180° and 0° locations, and measure the blade angle at
each location.
(yyyyy) The left roll cyclic range is found by adding 180° reading to 0°
reading, ignoring that one reading is a negative number.
(aaaaaa) If the sum of both readings is less than 15°, adjust the
lateral primary servo input control rod.
160
Frame # 0700 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(eeeeee) Move the cyclic stick full right until the roller touches the
lateral (roll) right limiter in the mixer.
(ffffff) If the roller does not contact the lateral left limiter in the mixer,
check for interference with linkage forward of the mixer, and
clear before proceeding.
(gggggg) With the roller contacting the limiter, adjust the pilot and
copilot right stick stops, at base of each cyclic stick, 0.010 to
0.030 inch clearance between bolt and yoke.
161
Frame # 0705 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(hhhhhh) Place the cyclic stick in full right position, move the No. 1
(red) blade to 180° and 0° locations, and measure the blade
angle at both locations.
(jjjjjj) If the sum of both readings is less than 14°, adjust the lateral
primary servo input control rod as required.
(llllll) Continue to lengthen the control rod in small increments until the
total angle between 0° and 180° positions reads 14° to 16°.
162
Frame # 0710 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(mmmmmm) Recheck the low collective left cyclic range to make sure
it is still within limits.
(nnnnnn) Adjust the lateral primary servo input control rod until
both lateral range requirements are within limits.
(pppppp) Lock wire the jam nuts to the locking device tab on the
lateral primary servo input pushrod.
163
Frame # 0715 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
164
Frame # 0720 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(uuuuuu) Check to make sure that the roller on the mixer output
crank is contacting the forward limiter and that roller cannot be
rotated using finger pressure.
165
Frame # 0725 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
166
Frame # 0725 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
167
Frame # 0725 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
168
Frame # 0730 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
CAUTION: Damage to equipment may result if forward longitudinal (pitch) bellcrank comes into contact
with main transmission housing. A minimum clearance of 1/16-inch is required.
(aaaaaaa) Place the collective in the full up position and the cyclic
control stick against rear stop.
169
Frame # 0730 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
170
Frame # 0735 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(ddddddd) Turn off all electrical and hydraulic power and inspect
and treat blade deice electrical connector.
171
Frame # 0735 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
172
Frame # 0740 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(hhhhhhh) The collective stick should stay up and not move. Push
the collective stick down to low collective.
173
Frame # 0745 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(kkkkkkk) Push the control stick forward about 6 inches and let go,
the stick should not move forward.
(lllllll) Move the control stick forward again until it is almost fully forward
let go and again, it should not move forward.
(mmmmmmm) If the cyclic sticks move when they are let go, adjust
balance springs.
174
Frame # 0750 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig)
(nnnnnnn) If the main rotor pitch control rods have been adjusted
for collective angles, adjust them for pretrack by doing this.
175
Frame # 0755 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH)
(rrrrrrr) Ensure the exposed threads on each of the pitch control(s) are
not more than 0.75-inch.
176
Frame # 0755 (Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH)
177
h. Quality Control Checks
(1) Perform these quality control checks on the main rotor flight control
system, after all procedures have been followed IAW applicable TM.
(b) Main rotor pitch control rods above rotating swashplate for no
more than 0.75-inch thread showing.
(i) Cyclic and collective stick stopbolts, and high pitch collective
mixer stopbolt for lockwire.
178
(j) All rigging pins and damper blocks removed.
(2) Perform these quality control checks on the main rotor flight control
system, after all procedures have been followed IAW applicable TM.
(c) Make sure all areas are clean and free of foreign objects before
installing panels, boots, and covers.
(d) Install floor panels and pedal boots around pilot and copilot pedal
assemblies.
(e) Install pilot and copilot collective stick covers and boots.
179
(g) Install left and right flight control covers, STA 247.0 to STA
265.0, and ceiling soundproofing panels, STA 247.0 to STA
295.0.
(h) Install mixer work platform and main rotor pylon sliding cover.
(i) Perform track and balance of main rotor blades (TM 1-6625-724-
13 & P).
180
CHECK ON LEARNING
5. A tail rotor complete rig is required whenever any major changes in tail rotor flight
controls are made, or when___________.
181
SECTION XI. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the Main Rotor Complete rigging lesson for the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• Rigging of the flight control system consists of coordinating cyclic,
collective stick, and yaw pedal movements, with correct blade angles at
the main and tail rotors.
• Rigging procedures shall be done by qualified technicians who are
familiar with the helicopter and flight control system. It is essential to
keep the helicopter perfectly still while zeroing and taking blade angle
readings.
• The digital vernier protractor or the universal vernier propeller protractor
is the preferred tool to accomplish this.
• A limit of three technicians are recommended on the helicopter at a time,
one to take readings, one to assist in rotating blades, and one in the
cockpit to position and cycle the controls.
• All calculations should be documented on a rigging worksheet and filed
away. The rigging worksheet is used to record all alignment readings.
• A Main Rotor Complete rig and rig check is required whenever a main
gear box, rotor head, bellcrank support, or when Flight Safety Critical
component is replaced or adjusted.
• Fixed length pushrods, bellcranks, and idlers are interchangeable without a
rigging check.
• There are five different rigging procedures for flight controls on the UH-
60 helicopter: a Main Rotor Complete rig, Main Rotor rig check, Primary
Servo Four-point rig check, Tail Rotor Complete rig, and Tail Rotor rig
check.
• A Main Rotor Complete rig is required if the Main Rotor rig check fails, or
by direction of the maintenance officer.
• To properly accomplish a rig, utilize rig kit, 70700-20389-042, which
consists of all rigging pins, and rigging blocks required to complete the
rig.
• A Main Rotor rig check is required whenever a main gear box, rotor
head, bellcrank support, or when any flight control component is
replaced.
• Fixed length pushrods, bellcranks, and idlers are interchangeable without
a rigging check. Adjustable length rods may be changed without a
rigging check, provided replacement is trammeled to exact length.
• The main rotor must be in proper rig before any rigging is to be
completed on the tail rotor section.
• A tail rotor complete rig is required whenever any major changes in tail rotor flight
controls are made, or adjustments are made to flight controls not covered in the
tail rotor rig check.
• To begin a Main Rotor system complete rig, remove the main rotor pylon
sliding cover and mixer work platform.
• There are separate parts to a main rotor complete rig.
• These are commonly referred to as a dry rig (blade angles).
• The dry rig, centers the flight controls, allows for full range of motion (as required)
for flight, and ensures the flight control rods have adequate clearance. This
procedure is accomplished with the hydraulics off.
182
J. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE No. 10
CAUTION: Put a sign in the cockpit to notify personnel that flight controls should not be moved during
rigging, as damage to components could result.
To prevent damage to the antiflap cam and antiflap stop attaching bolts, the antiflap cam must be
held in flight position when cycling flight controls with main rotor blades not installed.
NOTE: Main rotor must be in proper rig before rigging tail rotor.
A tail rotor complete rig is required whenever major changes in tail rotor flight controls are made
or when adjustments must be done to system that are not covered in tail rotor rig check.
183
(1) A complete tail rotor rig is required whenever major changes have been
made to tail rotor flight controls or when adjustments must be made to
the system not covered in the rig check.
(2) The main rotor must be in proper rig before rigging the tail rotor.
(5) Use external hydraulic power if possible or the back-up hydraulic system.
184
Frame #0835 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(6) Remove soundproofing from cabin ceiling at STA. 311.0 and from
storage compartment.
185
Frame # 0840 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(8) When using external hydraulic power to perform, pull the BACKUP HYD
CONTR circuit breaker in DC ESNTL BUS on overhead upper console.
186
Frame # 0845 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(11) Install lockout blocks on the aft quadrant and disconnect the spring
cylinders from support at tail rotor quadrant.
187
Frame # 0847 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(12) Disconnect the tail rotor cables at the quick disconnects, located behind
the upper tail strut inspection panels.
188
Frame # 0850 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(13) Disconnect electrical connectors, P609 and P610, on the tail rotor servo
pressure switches.
(14) Remove the pushrod from the tail rotor servo and install rigging pin (1/4 x
6 in.) in the tail rotor servo.
(15) Prior to reinstalling the electrical connectors inspect and treat the
connectors.
189
Frame # 0855 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
NOTE: Control rod is adjusted to correct length when notch in forward quadrant outside diameter is lined
up with hole in airframe which holds cable guard. It may be necessary to screw the right pedal
stop all the way in to perform rod adjustment.
(16) Move the pilot collective stick to mid-position, install rig pin 70700-20380-
062, (F-pin) on yaw boost servo, and rig pin (5/16 in. x 4 in.) in yaw
torque shaft.
(17) Adjust the yaw input control rod if necessary and install two rigging pins
(5/16 in. x 6 in.) in both pilot and copilot yaw pedal adjustors.
(18) If the rigging pins will not go in easily, adjust torque shaft input rods in
cabin as required.
(19) At this time, be sure all control rods are adjusted and connected from
cockpit to mixer.
(20) Check that the output rod from the mixer to torque shaft is properly
connected.
190
Frame # 0857 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
NOTE: Control rod is adjusted to correct length when notch in forward quadrant outside diameter is lined
up with hole in airframe which holds cable guard. It may be necessary to screw right pedal stop all
the way in to perform rod adjustment.
(21) Check that the output rod from the mixer to the torque shaft is properly
connected.
(22) Adjust and connect the control rod from the torque shaft to the forward
quadrant.
191
Frame # 0860 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(24) Adjust the tail rotor quadrant to the tail rotor servo pushrod to a length of
between 12.56 to 12.68 inches and connect the cable disconnects.
(25) Torque the bottom forward cable retainer jamnut in the aft cable slot 40 -
60 inch-pounds and lockwire.
(27) Connect the tail rotor pushrod between the tail rotor servo and quadrant,
spring cylinders and remove the lockout blocks.
192
Frame # 0865 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(28) Utilizing a cable tensiometer, adjust the cable tension at the forward end
of tail cone.
(29) Ensure the rigging pins in the mixer and tail rotor servo remain free at all
times.
(30) Install all new locking clips in the turnbuckles after the cable tension(s)
have been set.
(31) Check that the rigging pin in the tail rotor servo can be removed and
reinstalled easily without pulling or pushing on the servo input linkage if
not, readjust the cable tension.
193
Frame # 0875 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(33) Check the cable tension only after the helicopter has been at an even
temperature for 1 hour.
(34) Do not check the cable tension with the helicopter parked in the hot sun.
(38) Flight control cables are 5/32-inch diameter, and with a plastic coating,
total diameter is 7/32-inch.
194
Frame # 0875 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(40) When using adjustable risers, the No. 3 riser adapts to 7/32-inch total-
diameter cable.
(41) When the tensiometer does not have adjustable risers, use the 5/32-inch
diameter tension scale.
(42) Record temperature and cable tension on DA Form 2408-13-1 for use
when performing future tension check.
(43) Check DA Form 2408-13-1 to make sure tail rotor cable tension check is
shown as due at 9 to 11 flight hours
195
Frame # 0870 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(44) Position each blade, in turn (one blade at a time), in a horizontal position
pointing forward, and remove the bolt, washer, and nut securing the pitch
control rod to the pitch change beam.
(45) Adjust the pitch control rod, as required, until attaching bolts drop freely
into holes on pitch change beam.
(46) Do not apply any pressure on the blades to line up attaching bolt holes.
(47) Install the pitch control rods to the pitch change beam and hand tighten
the jam nut and position each blade, in turn, in horizontal position
pointing forward.
196
Frame # 0870 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(48) Back off the jam nut on both ends of pitch control rods, approximately
0.050-inch.
(50) Record dimension "A" and corresponding blade color on DA Form 2408-
13-1.
197
Frame # 0880 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
WARNING: To prevent damage to helicopter, do not use safety cable in this application. Use only
lockwire that is specified in this step.
NOTE: Metal to metal contact between rod end and pitch horn may be present while in the static position.
(51) Ensure that rod ends are aligned and parallel to each other within the
pitch beam ears and pitch horn.
(52) Torque the jamnut and all locknuts to the proper torque IAW TM and
ensure the locking devices are engaged.
(53) Install lockwire from locknut to tang and then back to opposite side of
locknut.
198
Frame # 0883 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH)
(54) Lengthen each pitch control rod 4 complete barrel turns and record this
dimension.
(55) Record the Dimension "A" and corresponding blade color on DA Form
2408-16-1 block seven.
(56) Subtract the first measurement from the second for each blade.
(57) The value should be 0.280 TO 0.380-inch (this is the 3 degrees of bias
required).
(58) If the value is not within this range, disconnect the pitch control rod from
that blade and repeat the adjustment steps for that blade only.
(59) Safety and reconnect pitch control rods to pitch change beam and
remove all rig pins previously installed.
199
Frame # 0883 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
200
Frame # 0885 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
201
Frame # 0890 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
(61) Thread in left and right pedal stop bolts at front torque shaft lever
installation just below mixer.
202
Frame # 0895 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
203
Frame #0900 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH)
(63) Push the left pedal until the tail rotor servo fully extends.
(64) While the left pedal is fully pressed, note the length of the exposed piston
rod between the servo housing and the piston rod yoke.
(65) The length of the exposed piston must be greater than 3.50 inches.
204
Frame #0900 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH)
(66) With the left pedal fully pressed, adjust the left pedal stop bolt at the front
torque shaft lever installation, just below the mixer, until the stop is
contacted.
(67) Turn the stop bolt out in 1/2-turn increments while cycling pedals.
(69) The exposed piston rod between the servo housing and piston rod yoke
will read 3.44 inches or greater at full left pedal after the above
adjustments are performed.
205
Frame # 0905 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH)
(71) Unlock and move the collective stick to full down position and lock in
place.
(72) Push the right pedal until the tail rotor servo bottoms (less than 0.030-
inch gap between servo housing and piston rod yoke).
206
Frame # 0905 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH)
(74) With the right pedal fully pressed, adjust the right pedal stop bolt at the
front torque shaft lever installation until the stop is contacted.
(75) Turn the stop out in 1/2-turn increments while cycling pedals.
(77) The gap between the servo housing and the piston rod yoke will be less
than 0.090-inch at the full right pedal after above adjustments are
performed.
207
Frame # 0910 (Tail Rotor Complete Rig)
208
b. Quality Control Checks
(1) Perform these quality control checks on the tail rotor flight control
system, after all procedures have been followed IAW applicable TM.
(d) Cables, pulleys, and fair-leads for condition and proper routing.
(f) Make sure all rigging pins are removed and all flight control
system attaching hardware installed and safetied.
209
(k) Install soundproofing panels in ceiling, STA 295.0 through STA
311.0.
(o) Check DA Form 2408-13-1 to make sure tail rotor cable tension
check is shown as due at 9 to 11 flight hours.
210
c. Flight Control Limit Check
(1) The pilots ground flight control check limit check is designed to verify that
the controls hit the proper control stops or limiters.
(3) Each aircraft may be slightly different but the movement of the flight
controls as indicated by these procedures is a good indication that the
control stops are set properly, there are no unwanted restrictions to the
flight controls, and the pilot has full range.
(4) This does not mean that the aircraft has been properly rigged however.
211
(a) 3 Physical Control Stops
212
Frame # 0918 (Flight Control Limit Check)
(5) BOOST - ON
(9) Collective - Full Down. Collective should contact the lower bolt stop
(10) Collective - Full Up. Collective should contact the upper bolt stop
213
Frame # 0918 (Flight Control Limit Check)
(11) BOOST - ON
(14) Collective - Full Down. Collective should contact the lower bolt stop
(18) Cyclic will move forward (unless the forward stop bolt is contacted) as
the collective goes from bottom to mid position then the cyclic should
move aft slightly from mid to high collective (Verifies cyclic is on the
Mixer roller limiter).
(19) Lack of cyclic movement must be due to contact with the forward bolt
stop.
(20) The transition from forward to aft movement of the cyclic during this
check should be smooth unless the forward bolt stop is contacted.
(21) In the mid collective range, either pilots cyclic may contact the forward
bolt stop at extreme forward cyclic.
214
(22) The forward bolt stops are set to assure clearance with the instrument
panel of 0.76 inches plus or minus 0.03.
(23) If forward bolt contact is suspected, verify the cyclic is on the forward bolt
stop (pilot or copilot) by unzipping the cyclic boot and observing bolt to
cyclic contact.
(27) Apply full Right Pedal - Cyclic should not move (verifies cyclic is on the
aft cyclic bolt stop)
215
Frame # 0918 (Flight Control Limit Check)
(29) Cyclic - Full Aft, maintain slight aft pressure on the cyclic
(31) Cyclic should move forward from mid collective to low collective (verifies
cyclic is NOT on a cyclic bolt stop)
216
Frame # 0918 (Flight Control Limit Check)
(32) BOOST - ON
(36) Cyclic - Full Left. Maintain slight forward pressure on the cyclic
(37) Slowly raise collective. Cyclic should move slightly right throughout full
collective range (verifies cyclic is on the roller limiter)
217
Frame # 0918 (Flight Control Limit Check)
(40) Slowly lower collective - Cyclic should not move (verifies cyclic is on the
right cyclic stop bolt) until near low collective and then should move left a
small amount (roller limiter).
(41) If there is no left movement, verify clearance .010 - .030 at stop bolt.
218
Frame # 0918 (Flight Control Limit Check)
(42) BOOST - ON
(46) Pedals - Full right to full left. Left and right travel should be equal and full
pedal travel should be attained at mid collective.
219
CHECK ON LEARNING
3. What form is used to document Dimension “A” and corresponding blade color?
4. When performing the quality control checks, check the cables, pulleys, and fair-
leads for________.
220
SECTION XII. -SUMMARY
1. REVIEW/SUMMARIZE:
You have completed the correct procedures to accomplish the Tail Rotor
Complete rigging lesson for the UH-60 helicopter.
The key points to remember are:
• A complete tail rotor rig is required whenever major changes have been
made to the tail rotor flight controls, or when adjustments must be made
to the system not covered in the rig check.
• The main rotor must be in proper rig before rigging the tail rotor.
• Use external hydraulic power if possible or the back-up hydraulic system
to perform the rig procedure.
• Remove soundproofing from cabin ceiling at STA. 311.0 and from
storage compartment. Remove troop seats from rear cabin.
• If using external hydraulic power, pull the BACKUP HYD CONTR circuit
breaker in DC ESNTL BUS on overhead upper console. Disengage SAS
1, SAS 2, and TRIM buttons, on AUTO FLIGHT CONTROL panel in
lower console.
• Install lockout blocks on the aft quadrant and disconnect the spring
cylinders from support at tail rotor quadrant.
• Disconnect electrical connectors, P609 and P610, on tail rotor servo
pressure switches.
• Make sure the rigging pins in the mixer and tail rotor servo remain free at all
times.
• Install all new locking clips in the turnbuckles after the cable tension(s)
have been set, check that rigging pin in tail rotor servo can be removed
and reinstalled easily without pulling or pushing on servo input linkage.
• If the rigging pins will not go in easily, adjust torque shaft input rods in
cabin as required.
• Be sure all control rods are adjusted and connected from cockpit to
mixer. Check that output rod from mixer to torque shaft is properly
connected.
• If the control rod is adjusted to correct length, the notch in the forward
quadrant outside diameter is lined up with hole in airframe. Adjust the
tail rotor quadrant to tail rotor servo pushrod to a length between 12.56 to
12.68-inches.
• Connect the cable disconnects, and ensure the bottom forward cable
retainer jam nut in the aft cable slot is torqued to 40 - 60 inch-pounds,
and lockwire.
• Do not use these connections as an adjustment for cable tension.
• Connect tail rotor pushrod between tail rotor servo and quadrant. In the forward
end of tail cone, adjust the cable tension using the tensiometer.
• With each blade, in turn (one blade at a time), in horizontal position
pointing forward, remove bolt, washer, and nut securing pitch control rod
to pitch change beam.
• Adjust pitch control rod as required until attaching bolts drop freely into
holes on pitch change beam. Do not put any pressure on blades to line
up attaching boltholes.
• Back off the jam nuts on both ends of pitch control rods approximately
0.050-inch. Measure each pitch control rod to the nearest ± 0.050-inch.
Record dimension "A" and corresponding blade color on DA Form 2408-
16-1.
221
• Check cable tension only after the helicopter has been at an even
temperature for 1 hour. Do not check tension with helicopter parked in
hot sun. If temperatures below +5 °F are anticipated, set tension to 75
pounds. Tolerance on specified tension values is ± 2% difference
between two cables.
• Reset tension to chart before helicopter is operated at temperatures
above 40 °F. Flight control cables are 5/32-inch diameter, and with a
plastic coating, total diameter is 7/32-inch.
• Make sure that rod ends are aligned, and parallel to each other within the
pitch beam ears and pitch horn.
• Tighten the jam nut and all locknuts to 119 - 131 inch pounds against the barrel
and ensure the locking devices are engaged. Lengthen each pitch control rod 4
complete barrel turns and again record this dimension.
222
APPENDIX A
ILLUSTRATION LISTING
A-1
0495 Primary Servo Four Point Rig Check Requirements
0500 Tail Rotor Complete Rig Check Requirements
0508 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0510 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0515 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0517 Flight Control Access Panel
0520 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0525 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0530 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0535 Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH
0540 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0545 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0545 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0550 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0555 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0560 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0563 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0565 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0570 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0572 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0575 Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH
0580 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0585 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0590 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0595 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0600 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0605 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0610 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0615 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0620 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0625 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0630 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0635 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0637 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0640 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0645 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0650 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0655 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0660 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0665 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0670 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0675 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0678 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0680 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0685 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0686 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0690 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0695 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0700 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0705 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0710 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0715 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0720 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0725 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0730 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0735 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
A-2
0740 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0745 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0750 Main Rotor System Complete Rig
0755 Main Rotor System Complete Rig FLASH
0760 Quality Control Checks
0825 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0830 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0835 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0840 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0845 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0847 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0850 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0855 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0857 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0860 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0865 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0870 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0875 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0880 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0883 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0885 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0890 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0895 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0900 Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH
0905 Tail Rotor Complete Rig FLASH
0910 Tail Rotor Complete Rig
0915 Quality Control Checks
0916 Flight Control Limit Check
0917 3 Physical Control Stops
0918 Flight Control Limit Check
A-3
APPENDIX B
1. This appendix is only used when the test and solutions are internal to the POI file.
2. When the test and solutions are internal to the POI file, then the POI file becomes a FOR
OFFICIAL USE ONLY document.
B-1