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NPHIL Lec 2 R

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34 views3 pages

NPHIL Lec 2 R

Uploaded by

Michael Gboneh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 2

Data Types in R

Basic data types in R can be divided into the following types:

 numeric - (10.5, 55, 787)


 integer - (1L, 55L, 100L, where the letter "L" declares this as an integer)
 complex - (9 + 3i, where "i" is the imaginary part)
 character ( string) - ("k", "R is exciting", "FALSE", "11.5") alway in double quotes
 logical (a.k.a. boolean) - (TRUE or FALSE)

We can use the class() function to check the data type of a variable:

Basic syntax in R

 Basic syntax represents the fundamental rule for a programming language.


 R programs are written either in the terminal or directly in scripts files(editor
windows or console)
 R files are save with .R extension
 A program in R is made up of three things: Variables, Comments, and Keywords.

Keywords in R

Keyword is a reserved word defined for a specific function in R

These words are: function, if, else, for, while, repeat, break, next, TRUE, FALSE, inf,
NAN, NA_real, NA_Integer, NA_Complex, NA_character, NULL

Variables
 Variable is the storage of our program, or a variable is used to store data
Assiigning value to a variable
 Method 1
We use the leftward operator, <- ( the less than sign follow by a hypen)
Code: var_name <- value
 Method 2
We use the assignment operator , = ( the equal to sign)
Code: var_name = value
 Method 3
We use the rightward operator, >- The greater than sign follow by a hypen)
Code: var_name >- value
 To see the list of variables we use in our program , we use the ls() function
Code: ls()
 To remove a variable from the list of variables, we use the remove function.

Code: rm(variable name)


Rules to follow when naming a variable
 It should not match with keywords
 It should be alphanumeric( alphabet and numbers)
 It can a dot(.) or underscore(_) no other symbol allowed
 Starts with alphabet but not digit
 Starts with a dot but not followed by a digit
 Case sensitive( gap, Gap, GAP) are all different variables

Valid name Invalid name


Name .5name(starts with a dot followed by a digit)
Sb_2 3_sb (starts with a digit)
P_2 P M (has a space)
M6 if (keyword)

Comment
Comments are use to keep track of the code you have written. It is for the user only,
so the interpreter ignore it
The # (hash) symbol is use to comment a code, it is usually written above the code.

Practice using rstudio


Determine the datatype for the following:
a) 100 b) 20.99 c) hello world d) 3>1
Create five different variables and store the following object in them
a) 10 b) 15 c) books d) 2.4 e) 6 + 3i

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