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bernoullis

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41 views4 pages

Sheet 1

bernoullis

Uploaded by

Esraa Said
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ministry of Higher Education

Institute of Aviation Engineering & Technology


Academic Year: 2024/2025 Semester: First
Course Code: ACE 313 Course Title: Aerodynamics Concepts ‫معهد هندسة‬
‫وتكنولوجيا الطيران‬
Department Electronics and Communications Engineering
Sheet (1) Governing Equations

1-State the governing equations of the air flow.


2-What is meant by?
1. Unsteady fluid flow- give example
2. One-dimensional flow- give example
3. Two-dimensional flow- give example
4. Three-dimensional flow- give example
5. Rotational and ir-rotational flow- give examples
6. Internal – external flow- give examples
7. Ideal (inviscid) – give example
8. Real flow (viscous flow) - give example
9. Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow
10. Streamlines

3-Consider the low-speed flight of the Space Shuttle as it is nearing a


landing. If the air pressure and temperature at the nose of the shuttle are
1.2 𝑎𝑡𝑚 and 300 𝐾, respectively, what are the density and specific volume?

4-Consider a convergent duct with an inlet area𝐴1 = 5 𝑚2 . Air enters this


duct with a velocity 𝑉1 = 10 𝑚/𝑠 and leaves the duct exit with a
velocity𝑉2 = 30 𝑚/𝑠. What is the area of the duct exit?

5-A pipeline 60 cm in diameter bifurcates at a Y-junction into two branches


40 𝑐𝑚 and 30 𝑐𝑚 in diameter. If the rate of flow in the main pipe
is1.5 𝑚3 /𝑠, and the mean velocity of flow in the 30 𝑐𝑚 pipe is7.5 𝑚/𝑠,
determine the rate of flow in the 40 𝑐𝑚 pipe.
6- A gas of density 1.7 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 flows through a pipe with a volume flow
rate of0.12 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠. The pipe has an inlet section diameter of 21 𝑐𝑚 and an
outlet section diameter of9 𝑐𝑚. Assuming an ideal incompressible fluid
flow, calculate the flow velocities at the pipe’s inlet and outlet.

7- Air flows steadily through a horizontal pipe of a constant circular cross-


sectional area. The air temperature is steady at 𝑇 = 26℃ along the flow
direction. At point A, the static pressure is𝑃𝐴 = 3 × 105 𝑃𝑎, and the velocity
is 𝑉𝐴 = 110𝑚/𝑠. at point B, the static pressure is𝑃𝐵 = 2 × 105 𝑃𝑎 . What
is the flow velocity at B? Use 𝑅 = 287.057 𝐽 /𝑘𝑔 𝐾 and assume no
losses.

8-A garden hose has an unobstructed opening with a cross-sectional area of


2.85 × 10-4 m2, from which water fills a bucket in 30 sec. The volume of the
bucket is 8 × 10-3 m 3. Find the speed of the water that leaves the hose
through the unobstructed opening and through an obstructed opening with
half as much area?
9-A garden hose has a diameter of 16 mm. The hose can fill a 10 litre
bucket in 20 s.
(a) What is the speed of the water out the end of the hose?
(b) A nozzle with smaller diameter than the hose is attached to the end of
the hose to increase the flow speed out of the hose. What diameter nozzle
with circular cross section is needed for the water to exit the hose with a
speed 4 times greater than the speed inside the hose?
10-A patient who is recovering from surgery is being given fluid
intravenously. The fluid has a density of 1030 kg/m3 and 9.5 × 10 -4m3 of it
flows into the patient every five hours. Find the mass flow rate in kg/s?
11- A catheter is inserted into a blood vessel to measure the local blood
pressure, velocity and to view the inside wall of the artery. The local
pressure was found to be 1.4 × 104 𝑃𝑎 and the blood had a velocity of
0.4 𝑚/𝑠 is in the unconstricted part of the vessel. The inside diameter of the
vessel is 2 𝑐𝑚 and a region of the aorta is found with a deposit that reduces
the diameter by 30% Assume that the blood has a density of 1060 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
and ignore viscous friction.
(a) Find the blood velocity through the constricted region.
(b) Find the difference between the blood pressure in the constricted region
and the rest of the artery. Express this in a percentage of the total blood
pressure.
12- Consider an airplane flying at a standard altitude of 5 km with a velocity
of 270 𝑚/𝑠. at a point on the wing of the airplane, the velocity is330 𝑚/𝑠.
Calculate the pressure at this point.

13- Air is flowing through a venturi meter whose diameter is 6.6 𝑐𝑚 at the
entrance part (location 1) and 4.6 𝑐𝑚 at the throat (location 2). The gage
pressure is measured to be 84 𝑘𝑃𝑎 at the entrance and 81 𝑘𝑃𝑎 at the throat.
Neglecting frictional effects, show that the volume flow rate can be
expressed as
𝟐(𝑷𝟏− 𝑷𝟐 )
𝑸 = 𝑨𝟐
√ 𝑨𝟐 𝟐
𝝆 (𝟏 − ( ) )
𝑨𝟏
And determine the flow rate of air. Take the air density to be 1.2 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3.
14- An incompressible gas flow in a pipe is passed through a venturi meter.
The pipe diameter is𝐷2 = 4.1 inches , and the diameter of the throat of the
venturi meter𝐷1 = 2.2 inches. The gas flow in the main pipe has a
velocity 𝑉2 = 14.3 ft/s . If the static pressure difference between the
venturi’s inlet and throat is measured using a U-tube water manometer,
calculate the height between the two columns. Assume 1-D flow and no
losses. Also assume that 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1.94 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔/𝑓𝑡 3 and𝜌𝑔𝑎𝑠 = 0.0023 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔/
𝑓𝑡 3 .

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