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of Electronic Workshop

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69 views11 pages

of Electronic Workshop

Uploaded by

Mihika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electronic workshop

Submitted by Submitted to
0901EC211105_sargam
rastogi Gajanan pohpli
Electronic components
1.Resistors -A resistor is a two-terminal passive
electronics component, used to oppose or limit the
current.
2.Capacitor-A capacitor made from two conductive
plates with an insulator between them and it stores
electrical energy in the form of an electric field.
3.Diode-The diode acts as a rectifier, allowing the current to
flow one way. It must be aright way connection only.
4.Zener diode-They have shape look likes a diode. And they
also work similarly. A positive current can come to the
anode to cathode easily.
5.Transistor-A transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor
device. Mostly it is used as a switching device and also as an
amplifier.
Study to some other components
1. Breadboard: A breadboard is a plastic board with several
holes. The purpose of these holes is to let you insert electronic
components (such as resistors, capacitor, inductor, integrated
circuits etc.)
2. Power supply: A power supply is the unit in the
electrical/electronic circuit that is used to convert the power
provided from the input into usable power to various parts
present in the circuit.
3. Digital storage oscilloscope:The digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)
is used for the purpose of displaying the waveform (continuous
analog waveform) by first converting them to digital form (via
sampling) followed by their digital storage and then projecting
indefinitely them using a cathode ray tube.
4. Multimeter: Multimeter is a general purpose instrument used to
measure a variety of parameters related to electric current in the
electrical/electronic circuit.
Lissajous pattern
The calibrated time scales can be used to calculate the phase
shift between two sinusoidal signals of the same frequency.
If a dual trace or beam CRO is available to display the two
signals simultaneously (one of the signals is used for
synchronization), both of the signals will appear in proper
time perspective and the amount of time difference between
the waveforms can be measured.
Use of Lissajous Patterns to Calculate Phase Shift- Lissajous
patterns are obtained on the scope simultaneously by applying the two
sinusoidal inputs to be compared at the vertical and horizontal
channels. The phase shift is then determined using measured values
taken from the resulting Lissajous pattern. This pattern on the CRT
screen may be either a straight line or a circle or an ellipse depending
on the amount of phase shift.
Small electronic circuit
A Printed Circuit Board or PCB is one component that
is present in almost all the electronic equipment we
use in our daily life. It forms the foundation of any
circuit. A PCB is where all the electrical/electronic
components are held together and interconnected
without any wires.
To Design Half-wave (both negative and positive), and Full-wave
Rectifiers Rectifier changes ac to dc and it is an essential part of
power supply. The unique property of a diode, permitting the current
to flow in one direction, is utilised in rectifiers.
Full-wave rectifier: During the positive half cycle of the transformer
secondary voltage, diode is forward biased and is reverse biased. So a
current flows through the diode , load resistor and upper half of the
transformer winding. During the negative half cycle, diode becomes
forward biased and becomes reverse biased.
PCB designing
1.PCB printing by screen printing Screen printing technology is actually the process of
patterning metal conductors to form a circuit. It involves multi-level integration of
imaging materials, imaging equipment, and processing conditions to reduce master
patterns on the substrate with the metallization process. Screen printing can be done on
the substrates of any shape, thickness and size.
2. Printed Circuit board etching For etching the PCB FeCl3 is used as an etching
solution. In this case, first cover the required area of PCB to form the circuit pattern by
an electric resist. Then apply the etching solution on PCB. It removes the copper from
the uncovered area and thus copper pattern will form by selective removal of copper
from the PCB.
Printed Circuit board drilling Next step is drilling for providing the
connection to the various components on the PCB. Drilling machine
should have large precision and accuracy as it is very important step
for the proper circuit design. Generally the diameter of the needle
used for drilling is 1 mm but can change if needed.
Coating of etched circuit board to protect against oxidation
Lamination is required to protect the PCB against oxidation.
Generally laminates used for this purpose are insulators.

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