2 nd Quarter

Microsoft Excel
Advanced Techniques using Microsoft Excel
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe Microsoft Excel functions;

2. use selected functions of Microsoft Excel functions
in problem solving;
3. value the importance of using Microsoft Excel.
What is a spreadsheet?
What is a spreadsheet?

It is a software application that enables a user to save,

sort and manage data in an arranged form of rows and
columns.
Beyond arithmetic operations, spreadsheets provide invaluable
tools such as functions that are very useful in calculating data.
As a result, spreadsheets have become one of the widely used
software programs, and MS Excel is the most commonly used
spreadsheet tool. Spreadsheets can be used to determine
statistical analysis, compute student’s grades, keep track
business accounts and inventories, and manage databases.

Spreadsheets are made up of the following:

Columns – identified with alphabetic headings
Rows - identified with numeric headings
Cells – are the intersection of rows and columns
Cell Reference – also known as cell address that identifies a
cell on a worksheet.
- B2 and D4 are examples of cell references
- Use cell reference when creating formulas in Excel to ensure
that your formulas are accurate. Take a look at the table below,
instead of using the actual values which are 5, 10, and 20 use
the cell references A1, A2, and A3.
- Use cell reference when creating formulas in Excel to ensure
that your formulas are accurate. Take a look at the table below,
instead of using the actual values which are 5, 10, and 20 use
the cell references A1, A2, and A3.
- Use cell reference when creating formulas in Excel to ensure
that your formulas are accurate. Take a look at the table below,
instead of using the actual values which are 5, 10, and 20 use
the cell references A1, A2, and A3.
Active Cell – the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet and is
indicated by a bold outline that surrounds the cell

- B5 is the active cell

Texts or labels – It identifies the purpose of
a cell, it can be a brief instruction, a title or
caption.
Number data or constant – a value that
doesn’t change and is directly inserted into a
cell.
Formula (mathematical equations) – an
expression that calculates the value of a cell.
Mathematical Operators – MS Excel uses
standard operators for formulas.
Functions- These are pre-defined formulas that are already
available in
MS Excel.

Examples of Formula

This formula used the SUM function to

add the numbers
Note: A formula always begin with an equal (=) sign.
Commonly Used Excel Functions

SUM – Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.

COUNT - Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.
MIN - Returns the smallest number in a set of values.
MAX - Returns the largest value in a set of values.
AVERAGE - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the
arguments.
SUMIF – Adds the cells specified by a given condition or
criteria. SUMIF function has the following syntax:

SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)

Range - The range of cells that you want to evaluate based

on a given criteria.
Criteria – It determines which cells will be added.
Sum_Range – These are the cells containing numeric values
and the cells to add if the condition is met.
For example, you want to find the total ratings of the teachers in
terms of the product’s quality. The formula to use to get the total
ratings of the teachers is shown below.
Sometimes the use of sum_range is
optional just like in the example
below.
The formula in the following example
will add the total scores of the students
which are higher than 10. Students
with scores lower than ten will not be
added.
AVERAGEIF - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the
cells in arrange that meet a given criteria. AVERAGEIF
function has the following syntax:

AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)

Range - The range of cells that you want to apply the

criteria.
Criteria – It determines which cells to average.
Average_Range – These are the cells containing numeric
values and the actual set of cells to average.
For example, you want to get the average of the students’ ratings
in terms of the product’s quality. The formula to use to get the
average rating of the students is shown below.
COUNTIF - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet
a single criterion that you specify. COUNTIF function has the
following syntax:

COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Range – The range of cells to count.

Criteria – The criteria that determines which cells to be
counted.
The formula =COUNTIF(I3:I7,”YES”) will count the number of
respondents that voted for “Yes”.
If you want to count the
number of students who got
grades of 90 and above
in the first quarter you can
use the formula below.
The example below shows
the formula on how to count
the number of students who
got grades of 85 and above
from the first to the second
quarter.
IF – This function is one of the most popular functions
in Excel. It can perform a logical test and returns one
value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE.
The following is the syntax of IF function:
IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

Logical Test - A value or logical expression that can be

evaluated as True or False.
Value if True – The value to return if the logical test or
logical expression evaluates to TRUE.
Value if False – The value to return if the logical test or
logical expression evaluates to FALSE.
The table below shows the formula to display “Passed” if the
student’s average is 75 and above, and “Failed” if the average is
below 75. Since the cell reference H2 has a value of 73.6,
“Failed” will be displayed. But not in the case of cell
references H3 and H4, since their values are higher than 75
“Passed” will be displayed. for