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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F2203 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)

Standard Test Method for


Linear Measurement Using Precision Steel Rule1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope looking at a measurement gage from different angles can cause


1.1 This test method covers the measurement of linear variation in the reporting of that measurement.
dimension of flexible packages and packaging materials. It is
recommended for use with an allowable tolerance range of 3 4. Significance and Use
mm (1⁄8 in.) or greater based on gage repeatability and 4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring linear
reproducibility presented in the Precision and Bias section. dimensions. Accurate measurement of dimensions can be
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in performance.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each 4.2 This test method should not be applied to tolerance
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining ranges of less than 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) when it is preferable that test
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance error does not exceed 30 % of tolerance range. See Precision
with the standard. and Bias Section for gage repeatability and reproducibility
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- results.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4.3 This test method does not address acceptability criteria.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- of the product.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5. Apparatus
5.1 Precision Steel Rule:
2. Referenced Documents 5.1.1 Tempered steel rule in increments of 1⁄64 in., 100ths, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 1⁄2 mm.

E171/E171M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible 5.1.2 Steel rule should be of sufficient length to measure full
Barrier Packaging dimension of interest.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 5.1.3 It is recommended that a calibration be performed on
Determine the Precision of a Test Method the apparatus used and it is certified to a recognized industry
standard.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: 6. Sampling
3.1.1 linear dimension—the measurement of length, width 6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to be
or relative positions. predictive of performance. Caution should be taken when
3.1.2 parallax error—the error resulting from a change in eliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.
observational relationship to a fixed position. For example,
7. Conditioning
7.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the material
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Primary under evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on normal, and desirable, refer to Specification E171/E171M.
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
8. Procedure
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2203 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/F2203-13R18.
2
8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dures. Specify unit of measure to be used and directions related
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on to precision requirements (for example, measure to nearest 0.5
the ASTM website. mm, round up or down to nearest 0.5 mm, to 1⁄64 in., etc.).

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F2203 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 1 Description of Materials Measured in Round Robin end point of the measurement. Determine the measurement by
Studies subtracting the start point measurement from the end point.
Measurement Measurement Ruler Scaling Record the number in the unit of measure and precision
Material Type
Set Characteristic Applied
required by specification.
A Foil Web Web Width in.
B Paper Web Web Width in.
C Spunbonded Olefin Web Web Width mm
9. Report
D Printed Foil Web Print Repeat Length in. 9.1 Report the following information:
E Printed Paper Web Print Repeat Length in.
F Printed Spunbonded Olefin Print Repeat Length mm 9.1.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, loca-
Web tion and operator of test and complete identification of mate-
G Forming Film Web Web Width mm rials being tested,
H Finished Pouch Dimension A in.
I Finished Pouch Dimension B in. 9.1.2 Any conditioning of the materials,
J Finished Pouch Dimension C in. 9.1.3 Any and all deviations from standard, and
K Finished Pouch Dimension D in. 9.1.4 The sampling plan and number of specimens tested
L Finished Pouch Dimension E in.
M Finished Pouch Dimension F in. along with test results.
10. Precision and Bias
Depending upon the level of accuracy and visual acuity, image 10.1 Precision—A research report3 describes a round robin
magnification may be an aid. conducted in 2001 in accordance with Practice E691, involving
seven laboratories measuring 13 dimensional attributes of five
8.2 Lay sample to be measured on flat surface with suffi-
packaging materials. Materials and measurement attributes are
cient color contrast to distinguish the edge of the sample.
listed in Table 1. Measurements taken included use of steel
Sample should lay flat and smooth without wrinkles, creases or
rules scaled in inch and millimetre divisions. Statistical sum-
folds. Material should not be under tension when measured.

NOTE 1—Example A and Example B begin at the leading edge of fixed scale division on rule at a point within the scale, at 1 in. or 10 mm, for example.
FIG. 1 Proper Alignment to Ruler Scale Divisions

8.3 Lay ruler over product or place product on top of ruler maries of repeatability (within a laboratory) and reproducibility
so that the characteristic to be measured can be clearly viewed (between laboratories) are listed in Tables 2 and 3. All test
and referenced to the ruler. Care should be taken to properly results are expressed in SI millimetre (mm) units of measure.
align sample to avoid skewing errors. A ruler may be set on 10.2 Concept of “r” and “R” in Tables 1 and 2—If Sr and
edge along the surface rather than laid flat if the risk of parallax SR have been calculated from a large enough body of data, and
error is apparent. for test results that are averages from testing 3 specimens for
8.4 Carefully align the starting point of the measurement to each test result, then the following applies:
the leading edge of fixed scale division on rule (Fig. 1,
Example A). Then measure to the end point of the character- 3
A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request
istic. Note the scale division on the ruler that corresponds to the RR:F02-1017.

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F2203 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 2 Summary of Interlaboratory Results by Measurement Set
Repeatability Reproducibility 95 % 95 %
Measurement Average Standard Standard Repeatability Reproducibility
Set mm Deviation Deviation Limit Limit
sr sR r R
A 266.85 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576
B 777.30 0.324 0.424 0.917 1.200
C 826.25 0.167 0.267 0.472 0.756
D 82.42 0.132 0.199 0.374 0.564
E 279.47 0.000 0.162 0.000 0.459
F 379.78 0.204 0.319 0.578 0.903
G 326.78 0.204 0.387 0.578 1.094
H 133.57 0.162 0.253 0.459 0.717
I 253.65 0.094 0.284 0.265 0.803
J 9.97 0.162 0.280 0.459 0.791
K 18.10 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576
L 114.41 0.229 0.339 0.648 0.959
M 225.91 0.229 0.298 0.648 0.843

TABLE 3 Summary of Interlaboratory Averaged Results 10.4 Reproducibility “R” is the interval representing the
Average Test Value 284.2 mm (11.19 in.) critical difference between two test results for the same
Repeatability (within a laboratory) 0.187 mm (0.0074 in.) material, obtained by different operators using different equip-
standard deviation (sr)
95 % repeatability limit (r) 0.528 mm (0.0208 in.) ment in different laboratories, not necessarily on the same day.
Reproducibility (between laboratories) 0.288 mm (0.0113 in.) Two test results shall be judged to be not equivalent if they
standard differ by more than the “R” value for that material, in this
deviation (sR)
95 % reproducibility limit (R) 0.815 mm (0.0321 in.) instance approximately 0.815 mm. That is, it can be expected
that different operators using different equipment in different
laboratories may obtain readings that vary by up to 0.815 mm
10.3 Repeatability “r” is the interval representing the criti- (0.0320 or approximately 1⁄32 in.).
cal difference between two test results for the same material, 10.5 Any judgment in accordance with 10.3 or 10.4 will
obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on the have approximately 95 % (0.95) probability of being correct.
same day in the same laboratory. Two test results shall be
judged to be not equivalent if they differ by more than the “r” 10.6 Bias—There are no recognized standards by which to
value for that material, in this instance approximately 0.528 estimate the bias of this test method.
mm. That is, it can be expected that the same operator
measuring the same sample may obtain a reading that varies by 11. Keywords
up to 0.528 mm (0.0208 or approximately 1⁄64 in.). 11.1 dimension; linear measurement; rule; scale

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