KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD – 32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 04 (2020-21)

(SAMPLE ANSWERS)

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 70

CLASS : XII DURATION : 3 HRS
General Instruction:
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 33 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains ten very short answer questions and four assertion reasoning MCQs of 1 mark
each, Section B has two case based questions of 4 marks each, Section C contains nine short
answer questions of 2 marks each, Section D contains five short answer questions of 3 marks each
and Section E contains three long answer questions of 5 marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However internal choice is provided. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :
c  3  108 m / s, h  6.63 10 34 Js , e  1.6  1019 C , 0  4 107 TmA1 ,
1
 0  8.854  1012 C 2 N 1m 2 , me  9.110 31 kg ,  9  109 Nm 2C 2 ,
4 0
Mass of neutron  1.675  1027 kg , Mass of proton  1.673  10 27 kg ,
Avogadro's number  6.023  1023 per gram mole, Boltzmann constant  1.38  1023 JK 1

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 14 carry 1 mark each.

1. Which phenomena proves particle nature of light?

Ans: Photoelectric effect
OR
How does the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted vary with the work function of the
metal?
Ans: The maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons decreases, as the work function of the
metal increases.

2. What happens during death due to electric shock?

Ans: Electric shock causes electrolysis of blood, which takes place even with small currents.
OR
A negligibly small current is passed through a wire of length 15 m and uniform cross-section 6 x
10-7 m2 and its resistance is measured to be 5 Ω. What is the resistivity of the material at the
temperature of the experiment?
Ans:

3. What will be the change in the phase if the wave undergoes reflection at an interface from rarer
to denser medium?
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 Ans: When a light is reflected from denser to rarer medium there is no phase change in light.
When a light is reflected from rarer to denser medium there is a phase change of R. Here air is
rarer than glass so there is a phase change of it when light from air to glass undergo reflection.

4. Write the expression for the work done on an electric dipole of dipole moment p in turning it
from its position of stable equilibrium to a position of unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric
field E.
Ans:

OR
The dimensions of an atom are of the order of an Angstrom. Thus, there must be large electric
fields between the protons and electrons. Why, then is the electrostatic field inside a conductor
zero?
Ans: Electrostatic fields are caused by excess charges. However, there is no excess charge on the
inner surface of an isolated conductor. Therefore, electrostatic field inside a conductor is zero.

5. What will be the potential at a point due to a charge of 4 x 10-7 C located 10 cm away is.
Ans:

6. What is the value of mass and energy equivalent to 1 a.m.u.

Ans: It is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its
nuclear and electronic ground state.

7. Draw the graph representing the variation of reactance 'Xc' of a capacitor with frequency 'f ' of
an a.c. supply.
Ans:

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8. What is the fundamental particle in an electromagnetic wave?
Ans: Photon

9. When is Hα line of the Balmer series in the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom obtained?
Ans: Balmer series is obtained when an electron jumps to the second orbit (n₂ = 2) from any
orbit greater than 2 (n₁ > 2). In particular Hα is obtained when n₁ = 3 i.e., when an electron jumps
from orbit n₁ = 3 to orbit n₂ = 2.

OR
What is the significance of negative sign in the expression, E = -13.6/n2 eV ?
Ans: The negative sign shows that electron is bound with the nucleus. Energy will be required to
remove the electron from hydrogen atom.

10. The work function of tungsten is 5.4 eV. Find the wavelength of radiation which can eject
photoelectrons of maximum energy 1.5 eV from tungsten.
Ans:

OR
What happens to the wavelength of a photon after it collides with an electron?
Ans: When a photon collides with an electron, some part of its (photon) energy is transferred to
electron and its energy decreases and wavelength increases as

For question numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A)
and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes
(a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is also false

11. Assertion: A convex mirror is preferred over a plane mirror in vehicles to observe traffic coming
from behind.
Reason: Images formed by convex mirrors are erect and diminished in size.

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 Ans: (a) A convex mirror produces smaller images which increases the field of view as
compared to a plane mirror of the same size. Also in case of convex mirror the image is erect like
in plane mirror.

12. Assertion: The size of the mirror does not affect the nature of the image.
Reason: Small mirrors always form a virtual image.
Ans: (c) The size of the mirror does not affect the nature of the image except that a bigger mirror
forms a brighter image as it gathers more light rays due to wider aperture.

13. Assertion: Hydrogen atom consists of only one electron but its emission spectrum has many
lines.
Reason: Only Lyman series is found in the absorption spectrum of hydrogen atom whereas in
the emission spectrum, all the series are found.
Ans: (b) Every atom has certain definite energy level. In the normal state, the electron in the
hydrogen atom stays in lowest energy level. When the atom gets appropriate energy from
outside, then this electron rises to some higher energy level i.e., atom is excited. Within nearly
10-8 s, the electron leaves the higher energy level. Now, it can return either directly to the lowest
energy level (or the ground state) or come to the ground state after passing through other lower
energy levels. Since there are a large number of atoms in a light source (hydrogen lamp), all
possible transitions take place in the source and many lines are seen in the spectrum. The slit
gives the shape of the spectrum and large number of lines are obtained because a large number of
atoms are getting excited and de-excited to different energy levels.

14. Assertion: Amongst alpha, beta and gamma rays, a-particle has maximum penetrating power.
Reason: The alpha particle is heavier than beta and gamma rays.
Ans: (d) The penetrating power is maximum in case of gamma rays because gamma rays are an
electromagnetic radiation of very small wavelength.

SECTION - B
Questions 15 and 16 are Case Study based questions and are compulsory.
Attempt any 4 sub parts from each question. Each question carries 1 mark.

15. The famous oil-drop experiment was conducted by Robert Millikan to measure the charge of an
electron. An electric field is set up by means of a horizontal pair of oppositely charge plates kept
at a small distance apart. Tiny oil drops are sprayed into this electric field. A fine magnifying
eyepiece is used to observe these drops. The electric field can be adjusted so that the upward
force on negatively charged oil droplets balances their weight. When no net force acts on the tiny
oil particles, qE = mg. By his experiment, Millikan could measure that the charge on the oil
droplets appear as the integral multiples of certain fundamental value of charge. Magnitude of
this fundamental charge was measured to be 1.6 x 10-19 C, the charge of an electron (because,
charge arises due to transfer of electrons and the least number of electrons that can be transferred
is one and also, only integer values are possible).

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 (i) If a tiny oil droplet of mass 9.8 x 10-15 kg is suspended between the plates when the electric
field applied is 105 N/C, the magnitude of charge on the oil droplet is:
(a) 9.6 x 10-19 C (b) 6.4 x 10-19 C (c) 7.8 x 10-19 C (d) 1.08 x 10-18 C

(ii) How many electrons are present in excess on the above mentioned droplet?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 5

(iii) If mass of the oil droplet were more, which of the following may not be an option to get the
desired result (suspension of oil droplet)?
(a) Charge on the oil droplet is also more (b) Increase the electric field strength
(c) Decrease the electric field strength (d) None of these

(iv) Which of the following cannot be a charge on the oil droplet?

(a) 1.6 x 10-19 C (b) 6.4 x 10-19 C (c) 7.8 x 10-19 C (d) 8.4 x 10-19 C

(v) If the electrons were positively charged, what change would you suggest in the experimental
set up shown here?
(a) Interchange the polarity of the plates (b) Use a different oil
(c) Make the plates vertical (d) All of these
Ans: (i) (a) 9.6 x 10-19 C (ii) (b) 6 (iii) (c) Decrease the electric field strength
-19
(iv) (c) 7.8 x 10 C (v) (a) Interchange the polarity of the plates

16. A suspended magnet gets aligned with the earth's magnetic field at that place. Along the equator,
a suspended magnet will align horizontally. The orientation of the magnet depends on the dip
angle at that place. Angle of dip is the angle between the net magnetic field of earth and the
horizontal. At equator, angle of dip is 0 (zero) and at poles its value is 90°. This means, at
equator, the earth's magnetic field is completely horizontal and at poles. The Earth's magnetic
field is vertical.
If S is the angle of dip at a place and B is the Earth's magnetic field, then the horizontal
component of Earth's magnetic field BH = B cos  the vertical component BV = B sin 
 B  BH 2  BV 2

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 BV
Also, tan  
BH

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) A magnet stands vertical at a place when suspended that place will be:
(a) At equator (b) At poles (c) At 30° latitude (d) At 60° latitude

(ii) The angle of dip of a face where the magnet gets aligned completely horizontal is:
(a) 0° (b) 90° (c) 30° (d) 45°
3
(iii) The horizontal and vertical components of the magnetic field at a place are R and B/2
2
respectively. When a magnet is left free at that place, the angle made by its magnetic axis with
the horizontal is:
(a) 45° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 15°

(iv) Earth's magnetic field always has a vertical component except at:
(a) Poles (b) Equator (c) 30° latitude (d) 75° latitude

(v) The magnetic field due to earth has a horizontal component of 26T at a place where the dip
is 60°. Vertical component of the field at that point is:
(a) 25 T (b) 30 T (c) 45 T (d) 54 T

Ans: (i) (b) At poles (ii) (a) 0° (iii) (b) 30° (iv) (b) Equator (v) (c) 45 T

SECTION – C
Questions 17 to 25 carry 2 marks each.
17. Write the expression for average power of an LCR circuit. What happens to the average power,
when phase angle is 0 and π/2?
Ans:

Hence, average power over a complete cycle in an inductive circuit is the product of virtual
e.m.f., virtual current and cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and current.
When phase angle is 0, the circuit is resistive. Therefore, P = EvIv
When phase angle is π/2, the circuit is purely inductive or capacitive. Therefore, P = 0.

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 OR
How much current is drawn by the primary coil of a transformer connected to 220 V supply,
when it delivers power to a 110 V and 550 W refrigerator?
Ans:

18. Find the wavelength of electromagnetic waves of frequency 5 x 1019 Hz in free space. Give its
two applications.
Ans:

The wavelength lies in the Gamma rays region. Gamma rays are used for: (i) Treatment of
cancer and tumors. (ii) Certain nuclear reactions.

19. The photoelectric cut-off voltage in a certain photoelectric experiment is 2.5 V. What is the
maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted?
Ans:

20. C, Si and Ge have same lattice structure. Why is C insulator while Si and Ge intrinsic
semiconductors?
Ans: The 4 bonding electrons of C, Si or Ge lie, respectively, in the second, third and fourth
orbit. Hence, energy required to take out an electron from these atoms (i.e., ionisation energy Eg)
will be least for Ge, followed by Si and highest for C. Hence, number of free electrons for
conduction in Ge and Si are significant but negligibly small for C.

21. A proton and a deuteron having equal moments enter in a region of uniform magnetic field at
right angle to the direction of the field. Find the ratio of the radii of curvature of the path of the
particle.
Ans:

OR
The velocities of two a-particles A and B entering a uniform magnetic field are in the ratio 5 : 1.
On entering the field they move in different circular paths. Give the ratio of the radii of curvature
of the paths of the particles.
Ans:

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22. Two point charges of +4 C and +6 C repel each other with a force of 12 N. If each is given an
additional charge of - 5 C, what will be the new force?
Ans:

23. Two wires A and B are formed from the same material with same mass. Diameter of wire A is
half of diameter of wire B. If the resistance of wire A is 36 Ω, find resistance of wire B.
Ans:

24. Define one coulomb, what is SI-CGS unit of charge? Give dimensional formula of Coulomb as
well.
Ans:

25. Three capacitors of 10 F, 15 F and 30 F are connected in series to a voltage source of 60 V.
Calculate the charge, potential difference and energy stored in each capacitor.
Ans:

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 OR
Derive equivalent capacitances for (i) Combination of capacitors in Series. (ii) Combination of
capacitors in Parallel.
Ans:

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 SECTION – D
Questions 26 to 30 carry 3 marks each.
26. Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which:
(i) is used in satellite communication.
(ii) is used for studying crystal structure.
(iii) is similar to radiation emitted during decay of radioactive nuclei.
(iv) has its wavelength range 390 tun to 770 nm.
(v) is absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer.
(vi) produces intense heating effect.
Ans:

OR
The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
By = (2 x 10-7 T) sin (0.5 x 103 x+ 1.5 x 1011 t )
(i) What is the wavelength and frequency of the wave?
(ii) Write an expression for the electric field.
Ans:

27. Plot a labelled graph of stopping potential of photoelectrons (Vs) versus frequency (v) of incident
radiation. How will you use this graph to determine the value of Planck's constant? Explain.
Ans:

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28. A galvanometer with a coil of resistance 12.0 Ω shows full scale deflection for a current of 2.5
mA. How will you convert the galvanometer into: (i) an ammeter of range 0 to 7.5 A, (ii) a
voltmeter of range 0 to 10.0 V?
Ans:

29. The core of a transformer is made of a material whose hysteresis loop is narrow. Why?
Ans: A transformer works on a.c. supply. Therefore, during its operation, the iron core of the
transformer is taken over the complete cycle of magnetisation and demagnetisation again and
again. In taking the core over a complete cycle of magnetisation, the energy spent per unit
volume of the core is equal to area of the hysteresis loop. Therefore, to minimise the loss of
energy, the core of the transformer is made of a material, whose hysteresis loop is narrow.
OR
In a series LCR circuit with an a.c. source of effective voltage 50 V, frequency v = -50/π Hz, R =
300 Ω, C = 20 µF and L =1.0 H. Find the r.m.s. current in the circuit. It
Ans:

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30. What is the effect on the interference pattern observed in a Young's double slit experiment in the
following cases when:
(i) separation between the slits is decreased.
(ii) screen is moved away from the plane of slits.
(iii) width of the slits are doubled.
Ans:

SECTION – E
Questions 31 to 33 carry 5 marks each.

31. Explain solar cell in brief. Give some uses of solar cells.
Ans: A solar cell is a junction diode which converts light energy into electrical energy. It is
based on photovoltaic effect. The surface layer of p-region is made very thin so that the incident
photons may easily penetrate to reach the junction which is the active region. In an operation in
the photovoltaic mode (i.e., generation of voltage due to bombardment of optical photons); the
materials suitable for photocells are silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulphide
(CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe).
Working:
When photons of energy greater than energy band gap of (hv > Eg) are made to incident on the
junction, electron-hole pairs are created which moves in opposite directions due to junction field.
These are collected at two sides of junction, thus producing photovoltage giving rise to
photocurrent. The characteristic curve of solar cell is shown above.

Uses of solar cells: (i) Solar cells are used for charging storage batteries in day time, which can
supply the power during night times. (ii) The solar cells are also used in artificial satellite to
operate the various electrical instruments kept inside the satellite. (iii) They are used for
generating electrical energy for cooking food and pumping water. (iv) Solar cells are used in
calculators, wrist watches and light meters (in photography). (v) Solar cells are used to produce
electric power in remote areas, where electric power supply is not available. (vi) Solar cells are
used in traffic signals. (vii) Solar cells are used in remote radiotelephones.

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 OR
What do you mean by light emitting diode. Explain its working in detail.
Ans: Light Emitting Diode: Light emitting diode is a photoelectronic device which converts
electrical energy into light energy, under forward bias condition. It is a heavily doped p-n
junction diode which under forward bias emits spontaneous radiation. The diode is covered with
a transparent cover so that the emitted light may come out. Symbolically LED is shown in fig.
(i). The construction and circuit used for working with LED is shown in fig. (ii). In an LED, the
upper layer of p-type semiconductor is deposited by diffusion on n-type layer of semiconductor.
The metallised contacts are provided for applying the forward bias voltage to the p-n junction
diode from battery B through a resistance R which controls the brightness of light emitted.

Working of LED: When a p-n junction is forward biased, the size of depletion layer decreases.
The movement of majority carrier takes places across the junction. The electrons move from n-
side to p-side through the junction and holes move from p-side to n-side through the junction. As
a result of it, the concentration of the minority carriers increases rapidly on the two sides of the
junction boundary. These excess minority carriers on carriers side of the junction boundary
recombine with majority carriers there. In each recombination of electron and hole the electron
will fall from higher energy state to ground state. As a result of it, a photon is released whose
energy is nearly equal to the energy gap Eg. If A, is the wavelength of photon emitted, then

For a p-n junction of Ge and Si, the larger percentage of this energy released is mainly
transferred into thermal energy of the vibrating lattice. As a result of it, no light is emitted.
However, some other p-n junction semiconductor diodes made of materials like gallium arsenide
(GaAs), gallium phosphide (GaP) and gallium-arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) a greater percentage
of energy released is in the form of visible light. Due to it, the junction becomes a light source,
i.e., a light emitting diode (LED). The colour of light emitting diode depends upon the type of
material used in making the semiconductor diodes as given below:
(i) Gallium-arsenide (GaAs) - infrared radiation.
(ii) Gallium-phosphide (GaP) - red or green light.
(iii) Gallium-arsenide-phosphide (GaAsP) - red or yellow light.

LEDs emit no light when reverse-biased. Rather, the LEDs will be destroyed when reverse
biased. As the forward current increases, intensity of light also increases and reaches a maximum
value. Beyond this stage if forward current is further increased, the intensity of light starts
decreasing. During working LEDs are forward biased such that the light emitting efficiency is
maximum. V-I characteristics of LED is similar to that of junction diode. For LEDs, the
threshold voltages are much higher and slightly different for different colours, fig. (iii).

32. State Biot-Savart's law, giving the mathematical expression for it. Use this law to derive the
expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil carrying current at a point along its axis.
How does a circular loop carrying current behave as a magnet?
Ans:

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 OR

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 (i) An electron is projected with a velocity of 105 ms-1 at right angles to a magnetic field of
0.019G. Calculate the radius of the circular path described by electron. [Given e =1.6 x 10-19 C,
m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg].
(ii) Calculate the force per unit length on a long straight wire carrying current of 4 A due to a
parallel wire carrying current of 6 A. The distance between the wires is 3 cm.
Ans:

33. (i) "Two independent monochromatic sources of light cannot produce a sustained interference
pattern". Give reason.
(ii) Light wave each of amplitude 'a' and frequency '', emanating from two coherent light
sources superpose at a point. If the displacements due to these waves is given by y1 = a cost
and y2 = a cos (t + ) where  is the phase difference between the two, obtain the expression
for the resultant intensity at the point.
Ans: (i) The condition for the sustained interference is that both the sources must be coherent
(i.e., they must have the same wavelength and the same frequency, and they must have the same
phase or constant phase difference). Two sources are monochromatic if they have the same
frequency and wavelength. Since they are independent, i.e., they have different phases with
irregular difference, they are not coherent sources.
(ii) Let the displacement of the waves form the sources Si and S2 at point P on the screen at any
time t be given by:

OR

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 Derive Snell's law of refraction using Huygens' principle.
Ans: Laws of refraction: Consider a plane wavefront AB incident on a surface PQ separating
two media (1) and (2). The medium (1) is rarer, having refractive index n1, in which the light
travels with a velocity ci. The medium (2) is denser, having refractive index n2, in which the
light travels with a velocity c2. At time t = 0, the incident wavefront AB touches the boundary
separating two medium at A. The secondary wavelets from point B advance forward with a
velocity c1, and after time t seconds touches at D, thus covering a distance BD = c1t. In the same
time interval oft seconds, the secondary wavelets from A, advance forward in the second
medium, and travels with a speed of c2. With the point A as the centre and a distance AC = c2t,
an envelope is drawn to obtain a new refracted wave front as CD.
Consider triangles BAD and ACD,

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