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    Open Ended Lab Project Free and Force Convection Unit

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    Open Ended Lab Project Free and Force Convection Unit

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    OPEN ENDED LAB PROJECT FREE AND FORCE CONVECTION UNIT

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    2 views9 pages

    Open Ended Lab Project Free and Force Convection Unit

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    OPEN ENDED LAB

    PROJECT FREE AND


    FORCE CONVECTION
    UNIT
    AIM : To find out the Heat Transfer Coefficient of
    vertical cylinder in natural convection.

    Submitted By:
    Uzair Ahmed (21CH060)
    Zunair Ali (21CH008)
    Mahesh Kumar (X-24)

    SUBMITTED TO: Engr. Naveed Ali


    koondhar
    Aim: To find out the Heat Transfer Coefficient of
    vertical cylinder in natural convection.

    APPARATUS:
    Apparatus for Measuring Heat Transfer Coefficient through
    natural convection

    APPARATUS DESCRPTION :
    The setup is designed and fabricated to study natural
    convection phenomenon from a vertical cylinder in term, of
    average heat transfer coefficient.
    The apparatus consists of brass tube fitted in rectangular
    duct in vertical fashion. The duct is
    open at top and bottom and forms and encloses which
    serves the purpose of undisturbed

    surrounding. One side of it is made of glass/acrylic for


    visualization. A heating element is kept in
    a vertical tube which heats tube surface. The heat is
    lost from tube to surroundings by natural
    convection. The temperature is measured by seven
    temperature sensors. The heat input to the
    heater is measured by digital ammeter and digital
    voltmeter and can be varied by dimmer stat.

    THEORY
    The fluid motion is produced by due to change in
    density resulting from temperature gradients.
    The mechanism of heat transfer in these situations is
    called free or natural convection.
    Convection of the principle mode heat transfer from
    pipes, transmission lines, refrigerating coils,
    hot radiators and many other practical situations in
    everyday life.
    The movement of fluid in free convection is due to the
    fact that the fluid particle in immediate
    vicinity of the hot object becomes warmer than
    surrounding fluid resulting in a local change of
    density. The warmer fluid would be replaced by colder
    fluid creating what are called convection
    currents. These currents originate when a body force
    (gravitational, centrifugal, electrostatic etc)
    at on a fluid in which there are density gradients. The
    force which induces these convection
    currents is called buoyancy force which is due to
    presence of density gradients within the fluid
    and the body force.

    PROCEDURE
    1. Switch on the supply and adjust the dimmer stat to
    obtain the required heat input.

    2 Connect the computer with USB cable to operate


    via software.

    3. Start the heating of the test section with the help of


    dimmer stat and adjust desired heat
    input with help of digital volt meter and digital
    ammeter. (Don’t exceed 90 volts).

    4. Log the data of all the temperature sensors until


    the steady is reached. (Wait at least 25 minutes for
    first set of reading and then 10 minutes for
    consecutive readings).
    5. Put the value of heat input in the software.
    6. Repeat the experiment for different heat input.

    DATA:
    Diameter (D) : 38 mm
    Length (L) : 500 mm

    UTILITIES
    REQUIRED:
     Electricity supply: 1 phase, 220 volts AC, 2 amperes.
     Table for set-up support.
    OBSERVATION
    TABLE:
    Voltage
    V
    Ampere
    I
    T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
    CALCULATION:
    Heat transfer coefficient is given by:

    q
    h= ________kcal/hr - m² -°C
    As (Ts-Ta)

    q = VI (Kcal/hr)
    As= πDL m²
    T1+T2+T3+T4+T5+T6+T7
    Ts= ________
    T7
    Ta= Ambient temperature in duct in ℃ (T8).
    NOMENCLATURE
    V =Voltage
    I = Ampere
    T1, T2….…T7 =Temperature of tube surface at
    different locations.

    Ta =Ambient temperature in duct, ◦C = T8


    h =Heat transfer coefficient.
    q =Heat transfer rate.
    As =Surface area of tube.
    D =Diameter of tube.
    L =Length of tube.
    Ts =average of temperature of tube surface.
    PRECAUTIONS
    1. Keep the dimmer stat at zero poison before giving
    the supply.

    2. Increase the dimmer stat slowly.


    3. Increase the voltage gradually.
    4. Don’t stop supply between the testing periods.
    5. Operate channel switch of temperature indicator
    gently.

    6. Don’t exceed 90 volts.

    ENd

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