D.Y.

PATIL TECHNICAL CAMPUS FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

AND FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT, TALSANDE
(POLYTECHNIC)

A Micro project Report On

“Information and Types of Networks”

Submitted by

Name Seat No Enrolment No

Nagaraj Ramchandra Patil 2207 2112200020

Ketan Bajirao Jamdade 2231 2112000044

Sanskar Mandar Kulkarni 2238 2112200051

Guided By
Mr.Kambre.P.P.

D.Y. PATIL TECHNICAL CAMPUS FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

AND FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT, TALSANDE
(POLYTECHNIC)

Department Of Computer Engineering

SEMESTER 4
 certificate

This is Certificate that computer engineering has successfully completed the project work
“Information and Types of Networks” impartial fulfillment of diploma of engineering in
computeras laid down during academic year 2022-2023.

Name Seat No Enrolment No

Nagaraj Ramchandra Patil 244868 2112200020

Ketan Bajirao Jamdade 244891 2112000044

Sanskar Mandar Kulkarni 2112200051

Mr. Kambre.P.P. Mr.R.S.Kumbhar

Project Guide H.o.D

Dr.S.R. Pawaskar

Principal

Place: Talsande
Date: \ \2023
 Index

SR.No Title Page. No

1. Network 1

2. LAN 2

3. Advantages and 3
disadvantages

4. MAN 4

5. Advantages and 5
disadvantages

6. WAN 6

7. Advantages and 7
disadvantages

8. Difference 8
 Information and Types of Networking System

Network: -

The Network allows computers to connect and communicate with different computers via
any medium. LAN, MAN, and WAN are the three major types of networks designed to
operate over the area they cover. There are some similarities and dissimilarities between
them. One of the major differences is the geographical area they cover, i.e., LAN
covers the smallest area, MAN covers an area larger than LAN and WAN
comprises the largest of all.

There are other types of Computer Networks also, like:

 PAN (Personal Area Network)
 SAN (Storage Area Network)
 EPN (Enterprise Private Network)
 VPN (Virtual Private Network)

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

Information and Types of Networking System

History:

The most common LAN design since the mid-1970s has been the bus-connected Ethernet,
originally developed at Xerox PARC. Every computer or other device on an Ethernet has a
unique 48-bit address. Any computer that wants to transmit listens for a carrier signal that
indicates that a transmission is under way. If it detects none, it starts transmitting, sending
the address of the recipient at the start of its transmission. Every system on the network
receives each message but ignores those not addressed to it. While a system is transmitting,
it also listens, and if it detects a simultaneous transmission, it stops, waits for a random
time, and retries. The random time delay before retrying reduces the probability that
they will collide again. This scheme is known as carrier sense multiple access with
collision detection (CSMA/CD). It works very well until a network is moderately heavily
loaded, and then it degrades as collisions become more frequent.

Local Area Network (LAN): -

LAN or Local Area Network connects network devices in such a way that personal
computers and workstations can share data, tools, and programs. The group of computers
and devices are connected together by a switch, or stack of switches, using a private
addressing scheme as defined by the TCP/IP protocol. Private addresses are unique in
relation to other computers on the local network. Routers are found at the boundary of a
LAN, connecting them to the larger WAN. Data transmits at a very fast rate as the number
of computers linked is limited. By definition, the connections must be high-speed and
relatively inexpensive hardware (Such as hubs, network adapters, and Ethernet cables).
LANs cover a smaller geographical area (Size is limited to a few kilometres) and are
privately owned. One can use it for an office building, home, hospital, school, etc. LAN is
easy to design and maintain. A Communication medium used for LAN has twisted-pair
cables and coaxial cables. It covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are
minimized. Early LANs had data rates in the 4 to 16 Mbps range. Today, speeds are
normally 100 or 1000 Mbps. Propagation delay is very short in a LAN.
The smallest LAN may only use two computers, while larger LANs can accommodate
thousands of computers. LAN has a range up to 2km. A LAN typically relies mostly on
wired connections for increased speed and security, but wireless connections can also be
part of a LAN. The fault tolerance of a LAN is more and there is less congestion in this
network. For example, A bunch of students playing Counter-Strike in the same room
(without internet).

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

 Information and Types of Networking System

Advantages and Disadvantages of LAN

Advantages: -
 Provides fast data transfer rates and high-speed communication.
 Easy to set up and manage. 
 Can be used to share peripheral devices such as printers and scanners. 
 Provides increased security and fault tolerance compared to WANs.

Disadvantages: -
 Limited geographical coverage. 
 Limited scalability and may require significant infrastructure upgrades toaccommodate
growth.
 May experience congestion and network performance issues with increased usage. 

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

Information and Types of Networking System

History: -

By 1999, local area networks (LANs) were well established and providing data
communication in buildings and offices. For the interconnection of LANs within a city,
businesses relied primarily on the public switched telephone network. But while the
telephone network was able to support the packet-based exchange of data that the various
LAN protocols implemented, the bandwidth of the telephone network was already under
heavy demand from circuit-switched voice, and the telephone exchanges were ill-
designed to cope with the traffic spikes that LANs tended to produce.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): -

MAN or Metropolitan area Network covers a larger area than that covered by a LAN and a
smaller area as compared to WAN. MAN has a range of 5-50km. It connects two or more
computers that are apart but reside in the same or different cities. It covers a large
geographicalarea and may serve as an ISP (Internet Service Provider). MAN is designed for
customers who need high-speed connectivity. Speeds of MAN range in terms of Mbps. It’s
hard to design and maintain a Metropolitan Area Network.

The fault tolerance of a MAN is less and also there is more congestion in the network. It is
costly and may or may not be owned by a single organization. The data transfer rate and the
propagation delay of MAN are moderate. Devices used for transmission of data through
MAN are Modem and Wire/Cable. Examples of a MAN are part of the telephone company
network that can provide a high-speed DSL line to the customer or the cable TV network
in a city.

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

 Information and Types of Networking System

Advantages and Disadvantages of MAN

Advantages: -
 Provides high-speed connectivity over a larger geographical area than LAN.
 Can be used as an ISP for multiple customers. 
 Offers higher data transfer rates than WAN in some cases.

Disadvantages: -
 Can be expensive to set up and maintain. 
 May experience congestion and network performance issues with increased usage. 
 May have limited fault tolerance and security compared to LANs. 

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

Information and Types of Networking System

History:
In the late 1970s, WAN was designed to connect two different locations across the street or
in the same city, considering that this was when a 9.6 Kbps line was a high-speed network.
As the network speed was constantly improving on leased lines, the 45Mbps T3/DS3 links
were the most expensive solutions at the time. This brought on the invention of the packet-
switched networks that used network resources more efficiently and was less costly. Not
only was packet-switched networks considered the first “cloud” service in general use for
remote mainframe terminal access, but it also transformed the pricing model for WANs by
allowing customers to pay per usage.

Wide Area Network (WAN): -

WAN or Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical
area, although it might be confined within the bounds of a state or country. WAN has a
range of above 50 km. A WAN could be a connection of LAN connecting to other LANs
via telephone lines and radio waves and may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an
organization) or accessible to the public. The technology is high-speed and relatively
expensive.
There are two types of WAN: Switched WAN and Point-to-Point WAN. WAN is difficult
to design and maintain. Similar to a MAN, the fault tolerance of a WAN is less and there is
more congestion in the network. A Communication medium used for WAN is PSTN or
Satellite Link. Due to long-distance transmission, the noise and error tend to be more in
WAN.
WAN’s data rate is slow about a 10th LAN’s speed since it involves increased distance and
increased number of servers and terminals etc. The speed of WAN ranges from a few
kilobits per second (Kbps) to megabits per second (Mbps). Propagation delay is one of the
biggest problems faced here. Devices used for the transmission of data through WAN are
Optic wires, Microwaves, and Satellites. An example of a Switched WAN is the
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network and Point-to-Point WAN is a dial-up line that
connects a home computer to the Internet.

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

 Information and Types of Networking System

Advantages and Disadvantages of WAN

Advantages: -
 Covers large geographical areas and can connect remote locations.
 Provides connectivity to the internet.
 Offers remote access to resources and applications.
 Can be used to support multiple users and applications simultaneously. 

Disadvantages: -

 Can be expensive to set up and maintain. 

 Offers slower data transfer rates than LAN or MAN.
 May experience higher latency and longer propagation delays due to longerdistances and
multiple network hops.
 May have lower fault tolerance and security compared to LANs. 

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

Information and Types of Networking System

Difference between LAN, MAN, WAN

Criteria LAN MAN WAN

Cost Low High Higher

Network Small larger Largest

Size

Speed Fastest Slower Slowest

Twisted- Fibre
Transmissio Twisted pair and optic
n Medium -Pair Fibre radio
Type optic wave
Cable and
Satellite

Number of Smallest Large Largest

Computer

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

Information and Types of Networking System

Conclusion: -

A network is two or more computers connected together using a telecommunication system

for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources. Without having a network,
Companies would not be able to share resources and increase productivity more
effectively.

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

Information and Types of Networking System

Result: -

Performance of a network pertains to the measure of service quality of a network as

perceived by the user. There are different ways to measure the performance of a network,
depending uponthe nature and design of the network.

D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.

 Information and Types of Networking System

Reference: -

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/networking-system
 https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/network-operating-system
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network
 https://snabaynetworking.com/history-of-lan-local-area-network/
 https://www.comptia.org/content/guides/what-is-a-local-area-network


D.Y.Patil technical campus faculty of engineering and faculty of management, talsande.