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MPMC Proj

Microprocessor and microcontroller project

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ssudhaya959
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21 views11 pages

MPMC Proj

Microprocessor and microcontroller project

Uploaded by

ssudhaya959
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MINI PROJECT
TITLE: PIANO KEYBOARD USING IC 555 TIMER

SUBJECT:MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER


SUJECT CODE:191ECC501T

SUBMITTED BY:
TEJASWINY V -310622106167
THARANA SREE S -310622106169
UDHAYA KUMAR -310622106171
VINOTH M -310622106180
YAZHENE L -310622106184

YEAR: III
SEMESTER: V
BRANCH: ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
1
ABSTRACT:

This project centers on designing a simple piano keyboard using an IC


555 timer in astable mode, along with push buttons, resistors,
capacitors, a buzzer, and a battery. Configured to produce oscillating
signals, the IC 555 timer generates different frequencies based on
varied resistor values controlled by push buttons. Each button
activates a unique resistor, creating a distinct frequency that, when
passed through the buzzer, produces different musical tones. This
basic setup allows users to simulate a piano keyboard, where each
button corresponds to a specific note.

The main goal of this project is to illustrate fundamental electronics


concepts like frequency modulation, oscillation, and sound generation
through a practical, hands-on approach. By experimenting with
component values, users can observe how frequency and tone are
affected, gaining insights into audio electronics.

This project also serves as an educational tool, helping beginners


understand circuit design and frequency-based sound generation.
Potential enhancements include adding more keys or adjustable
resistors for a wider range of tones, paving the way for a versatile and
interactive sound device. In sum, this piano keyboard project
showcases how simple electronic components can be combined to
create functional, engaging devices, inspiring further exploration in
sound-related electronics.

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPOMENTS LIST

3. THEORY AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

4. CIRCUIT DESIGN AND DIAGRAM

5. IMPLEMENTATION STEP

6. RESULT AND OBSERVATIONS

7. APPLICATION AND REAL-LIFE RELEVANCE

8. CONCLUSION

9. REFERANCE

3
INTRODUCTION:

This project focuses on designing a basic piano keyboard using an IC


555 timer and essential electronic components such as push buttons,
resistors, capacitors, a buzzer, and a battery. The IC 555, configured
in astable mode, generates oscillating signals whose frequency is
determined by the combination of resistors and capacitors. By
pressing different push buttons, varying resistance values alter the
frequency, producing distinct musical tones. The buzzer converts
these frequencies into audible sounds, effectively mimicking a simple
piano.

The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the principles


of frequency modulation and tone generation using a straightforward
and practical approach. It offers hands-on learning in circuit assembly
and testing while introducing concepts like oscillation, timing, and
sound production. This project not only provides a foundation for
understanding audio electronics but also serves as an engaging
educational tool. With potential enhancements, such as adding more
keys or variable resistors, it can evolve into a versatile sound generator
for creative and technical exploration.

4
COMPOMENTS LIST:

1. IC 555 Timer

2. Push Buttons (number of buttons depending on the number

of tones)

3. Resistors (values for each button/tone)

4. Capacitor (value used to determine frequency)

5. Breadboard

6. Connecting Wires

7. Battery (typically 9V)

8. Buzzer

5
THEORY AND WORKING PRINCIPLE:

IC 555 Timer Overview: Explain the basic working of the 555 timer
IC in astable mode, which generates continuous pulses.

Tone Generation Principle: Describe how frequency is determined by


the resistor-capacitor (RC) combination and how this frequency
generates different sounds.

Circuit Design: Explain the role of each component in the circuit:

Resistors: Control frequency for each push button.

Capacitor: Works with resistors to determine the oscillation frequency.

Push Buttons: Allow different frequencies (tones) to be generated by


changing resistance values.

Buzzer: Converts electrical signals to sound.

Frequency Calculation: Mention the formula used to calculate the


frequency of oscillation for the 555 timer in astable mode:

f = \frac{1.44}{(R1 + 2R2) \times C}

6
CIRCUIT DESIGN AND DIAGRAM:

The circuit design uses an IC 555 timer in astable mode to generate a


square wave signal. Resistors connected to each push button control
the frequency of oscillation when pressed, producing different musical
notes. The output from the IC 555 (pin 3) is fed into a buzzer, which
converts the frequency into sound. A capacitor is placed between pins
6 and 2, and resistors are connected between pins 7, 8, and ground to
control timing. The circuit is powered by a 9V battery.

7
IMPLEMENTATION STEPS:

To implement the piano keyboard using an IC 555 timer, begin by


placing the IC 555 on a breadboard, ensuring it is oriented correctly
with the flat side facing you. Connect pin 8 (VCC) to the positive rail
and pin 1 (GND) to the negative rail of the breadboard, then attach a
9V battery to power the circuit. Connect a capacitor (e.g., 10nF)
between pins 6 and 2 of the IC, and add a resistor (e.g., 10kΩ) between
pin 7 (discharge) and pin 8 (VCC).

Another resistor (e.g., 1kΩ to 10kΩ) connects pin 7 to pin 6,


determining the frequency of oscillation. Each push button is
connected in series with a resistor and placed between pin 6 and
ground, allowing for frequency adjustment when pressed. The output
from pin 3 of the IC is connected to the buzzer, which converts the
oscillations into audible tones.

Once the circuit is assembled, pressing each push button generates a


unique frequency, producing different musical notes. The buzzer emits
these sounds, simulating a basic piano. For further customization,
more push buttons can be added to extend the range of notes, or
variable resistors can be used for adjustable frequencies.

8
RESULT AND OBSERVATION:

Tone Generation: Explain the results obtained when each button is


pressed, producing distinct tones.

Frequency Variation: Mention how the tones vary with different


resistor values.

Challenges: Any challenges faced during the setup or testing, such as


incorrect wiring or resistor selection.

APPLICATIONS AND REAL-LIFE RELEVANCE:

1. Educational Tools

This project can be used in schools or colleges to teach students


fundamental concepts in electronics, including oscillation, frequency
modulation, and sound generation. It provides a hands-on way to
understand the working of timers like the IC 555 and the principles of
audio electronics.

9
2. Basic Musical Instruments

While this circuit is simple, it can be a starting point for building more
advanced digital musical instruments. With modifications like adding
more keys or integrating different sound generators, it could evolve
into a basic electronic keyboard or soundboard.

3. DIY Musical Projects

For hobbyists and DIY enthusiasts, this circuit can be a foundation for
creating custom sound-based projects, such as alarms, toys, or even
small music-playing devices. It demonstrates how to use basic
electronic components for practical, creative outputs.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, this project successfully demonstrates the fundamentals


of sound generation and frequency modulation using a basic circuit
design with an IC 555 timer, push buttons, resistors, and a buzzer. By
varying resistor values, we achieved distinct tones, mimicking a
simple piano keyboard. This hands-on approach highlights key
concepts in electronics, such as oscillation and frequency control,
while also fostering practical skills in circuit building and testing.

10
With possible future enhancements like additional keys or variable
resistors, this project can be expanded to produce a broader range of
tones. Overall, it serves as an educational and engaging introduction
to audio electronics and interactive device creation.

REFERANCE:

Inspiration:
http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Electronic-Piano/

Schematics Referenced
https://electrosome.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Simple-
Electronic-Toy-Piano-using-555-Timer.jpg
http://www.instructables.com/file/FJPYZX9GTGD4NE0/
http://embeddedautomation.blogspot.com/2014/10/how-to-make-
electronic-piano-using-555.html

11

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