01.Preparation of Computer Specifications What are peripheral devices?

Input devices are used to feed data and

The one who uses a computer is generally instructions into a computer. Storage devices are
referred to as a user. used to store data. Output devices are used to
provide the information processed with the input
User name Task data. Accordingly, input, storage and output
devices are called peripheral devices.
Programmer Develops computer
programs What are computer specifications?
Network Administrator Manages and Before purchasing an item, it is important to be
maintains computer aware of the value and the quality of the item.
networks Specifications are generally about the common
features of an item.
System Analyst Designs information
systems
The speed of a computer is determined by the
Software Engineer Develops software number of instructions execute per second.
Computer Application Uses office application The speed is measured in Hertz (units such as
Assistant packages for office MHz or GHz).
related tasks 1000 MHz = 1 GHz

Web Developer Develops and Processor manufacturers

maintains websites processor manufacturing companies,
> Apple
User requirements > Intel
> Access Internet > AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
> Preparation of documents
> Playing computer games Types of processors
> Editing audio/video material Generally, the number of processors in a central
> Graphic designing processing unit is used to classify the Central
Processing Unit.
Non - portable computers
Server computers, workstations, desktop No. of CPU’s Type
computers and all-in-one computers, are all
operated using the main electricity power 1 Single Core
supply. 2 Dual Core
4 Quad Core
Computers for mobile use
Laptops, notebooks, tablet computers and a
smart phones can be considered for mobile use. When the number of processors in a central
They operated with re-chargeable batteries processing unit increases its capacity also
increases.
Types of computers
> Server computer Hard disk
> Desktop computer The hard disk provides permanent storage space
> All-in-one computer for storing data and to installing all software.
> Workstation computer The hard disk is the main secondary storage
> Laptop computer device in a computer.
> Notebook computer
> Smart phone The monitor size is measured in terms of its
> Tablet computer diagonal length in inches
Monitor technology Universal Serial Bus (USB)
-Monitors can be classified into the following The USB is the most widely used port to connect
types according to the technology used by them: peripheral devices to the computer.
>CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
>LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitor Specifications in purchasing a computer,
>LED (Light Emitting Diode) Monitor

CRT monitors consume more electricity than

the other two types. Further they are heavier and
occupy more space due to its size. Hence, light
weight LED and LCD monitors which consume
less electricity are commonly used today

Main memory
Data and instructions are stored temporarily in
the main memory when the computer functions.
A higher capacity in the main memory stores
more data and instructions.

Video Graphic Adapter (VGA)

Important factors of technical specifications

When HDMI cables are connected to a

computer, a television screen or multi media
projector, both sound and video signals are
transmitted. When a VGA is used for the same
purpose, only images are transmitted and a
separate cable is required for sound.

Sound cards
Many computer are widely used for
entertainment today. A sound card is required
for listening to music and recording audio.

The ports of a sound cards use standard colour

scheme for identification purpose.
>Light green-Audio out
>Light pink-Mic in
>Light blue-Line in

Warranty
>Manufacturer warranty
>Extended warranty
> On-site warranty
 03.Programming

Simple selection
Simple selection has one condition with two
options. A selection is made out of the two
conditions. If the condition is true, one option is
selected and if not, he other option gets selected.

Dividing a problem into smaller selections

makes problem development
easier.

Repetition within a repetition is called a nested

repetition.

There are a few nested repetition types:

i. Repetition to satisfy a given condition
ii. Continuous repetition a fixed number of times
iii. Continuous repetition to satisfy a given
condition An algorithm is a set of well-defined
Control structure with repetition instructions or rules designed to perform a task
Repetition is about an action getting repeated or solve a problem
again and again. With repetition, both beginning
and end is based on a condition. Algorithms can be represented in various ways
to make them understandable and executable.
Here are two common methods:

1. Pseudocode
Pseudocode uses plain language to describe the
steps of an algorithm. It’s not actual code but
rather a high-level description that can be easily
understood and translated into any programming
language.

2. Flowchart
A flowchart uses symbols to visually represent
What is an array? the flow of steps in an algorithm. Each symbol
An array is a data structure that can store any represents a different type of action or decision,
number of items using a single variable name.
and arrows indicate the sequence of steps.
By using arrays, programs become less complex
and the number of instructions can be reduced. What is a flowchart? -A flowchart is a visual
diagram that represents the steps or decisions in
a process. It uses various shapes and symbols to
illustrate different types of actions and their
sequence, helping to map out the logic or
 05. Computer Networks workflow clearly and logically.

A collection of computers in a school computer Network Interface Card

laboratory or an organization, etc. connected connects a computer to a
computer network.
together is called a computer network.

Advantages of computer networking

>Ability to communicate with network users,
using e-mail, short messaging services, etc
>Ability to access the Internet
>Common use of documents,
images, photos,songs, video, etc. RJ45 connector cables
>Ability to share software and hardware
>Ease of taking back ups since he data files are
saved in a server computer in the network
>Sharing software such as computer games
Facility to save important information in a
network storage device
Basic objectives of computer networks.
Types of network connections

Wired Wireless

Cabling used in wired connections

>Fiber optic cables
>Twisted pair cables Communication using a computer network
A message can be directed to many friends in
Wireless media the network at one time. The Command Line
>Infrared waves Interface (CLI) can be used for this purpose.
>Bluetooth
>Wi-Fi waves Advantages of using peripherals in common
>Radio waves >Ability to use common hardware with several
computers
>Saving money
The server manages the
software, the hardware, the >Saving time
files and communication in
the network. Any ordinary
computer with the necessary
software installed can be
used as a server.

The switch acts as the

mediator between two or
more computers. The switch
recognizes the destination
computer or the device
when messages are sent
from one computer to
another in the network.