Buck

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Buck-Boost Converter

A buck-boost converter can either step up or step down the input voltage, providing a versatile
solution for applications where the output voltage needs to be higher or lower than the input
voltage.

Cuk Converter

A Cuk converter is a type of DC-DC converter that provides an output voltage that is either higher
or lower than the input voltage, with the same polarity. It is known for its ability to provide a
continuous input and output current.

SEPIC Converter

A Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) is similar to a buck-boost converter but


provides a non-inverted output voltage. It is used in applications where the output voltage needs
to be higher or lower than the input voltage without inverting the polarity.

Flyback Converter

A flyback converter is a type of isolated DC-DC converter that uses a transformer to provide
electrical isolation between the input and output. It is commonly used in power supplies for
electronic devices.

Working Principles of DC-DC Converters

Buck Converter

The buck converter operates by switching a transistor on and off, controlling the flow of current
through an inductor. When the transistor is on, current flows through the inductor, storing energy
in its magnetic field. When the transistor is

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