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NAME- ADITI SEN
ROLL NO.- 2
CLASS- XI SECTION- D
SUBJECT- PHYSICS
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Miss ADITI SEN of Class XI Section D of

KHALSA MODEL SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL completed her
Project under my supervision. She has taken proper care and shown
utmost sincerity in completion of this project.
I certify that this project is up to my expectation and as per latest
guidelines issued by CBSE New, Delhi.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to convey my thanks to My PHYSICS teacher

ARGHYA KARMAKAR who always gave valuable suggestion and
guidance for completion of my project
He helped me to understand and remember the important details
of the project that I would have otherwise lost. My project has been
a success only because of his guidance.
NAME OF STUDENT : ADITI SEN

ROLL NO: 2
INDEX
• Certificate
• Acknowledgement
• Introduction
• Experiment
i. Aim
ii. Theory/Principle
iii. Procedure
iv. Observation
v. Plotting Graph and Calculation
vi. Result
vii. Precautions
viii. Sources of error
INTRODUCTION
In the class 11 Physics experiment given here, we will

be learning how to find the spring constant of a
spring by plotting a graph between the load and
extension. The Spring constant, also known as the
force constant, is the restoring force per unit
extension in the spring. Its value is determined by the
elastic properties of the spring.
EXPERIMENT
• AIM: To find the force constant of a helical spring by

plotting the graph between load and extension.
• APPARATUS/MATERIALS REQUIRED: An iron
stand with a heavy base, a vertical wooden scale, spring, a
rigid support, a hook, a pointer, six 50g slotted weights, a
50g hanger, a pair of pliers, feviquick, a mirror strip.
• THEORY/PRINCIPLE: The helical spring is a spring in
which wire is wrapped in a coil that resembles a screw thread
works on the principle of Hook’s Law. According to this law,
“the extension (i.e. strain) in the spring which is hanging from
a solid support on one end only is directly proportional to the
load applied (i.e. stress) on the free end, within it’s elastic
limit”.
Suppose on applying the force F on the lower end of the
spring, it’s length increases by l due to elasticity, the spring
will regain it’s original length after removing the force.i.e.
Where, k is the constant of proportionality called as force

constant or spring constant of the spring (Here -ve sign
indicates that restoring force acts in opposite direction to the
applied force).It may be defined as the restoring force set up
per unit extension in the spring. Its unit is Nm-1or dyne-1.
Thus, by knowing the value of extension in length of the
spring and the corresponding load suspended from it,one can
find the force constant of that spring.
• PROCEDURE:
Setting up the Apparatus
1. Suspended the helical spring(having a pointer P and
hanger H its free end) from a rigid support i.e. one of the
spring should be fixed on the top clamp rod with the
help of pliers as shown in the given figure.
Measurement of Extension in Length

2. Firstly, note down the initial position of the pointer on
the scale when no weight is suspended from the hook i.e.
zero value of the applied load
3. Now, add a suitable weight (say 50g) to the hanger and
wait for the spring to be in equilibrium of pointer again.
After recording the position, keep on adding the weights
on the hanger in steps of 50g.
4. Note the corresponding position of pointer and take the
suitable number of readings.
5. Now, reduce the weight from hanger in the steps of 50g
and note the position of pointer on vertical scale.
6. After recording the observation of change in length of
spring during loading and unloading, the mean of
reading for the same is to be found thereby, the
extension for different mean can be determined. Nite
down your observation in tabulated form.
OBSERVATION:
a) Least count of vertical scale = 1cm.
TABLE FOR LOAD AND EXTENSION
S.NO Load on hanger Reading of pointer tip on vertical scale Extension
Loading (cm) Mean,a Unloading(cm) Mean
1 0 0 0 0 0 L1=0cm
2.6 2.6
2 50 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 L2=2.6cm
2.7 2.7
4.3 4.3
3 100 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 L3=4.4cm
4.5 4.5
6.1 6.1
4 150 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 L4=6.2cm
6.3 6.3
8.0 8.0
5 200 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 L5=8.2cm
8.2 8.2
9.6 9.6
6 250 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.6 L6=9.6cm
9.5 9.5
11.2 11.2
7 300 11.3 11.2 11.3 11.2 L7=11.2cn
11.1 11.1
PLOTTING GRAPH AND CALCULATION:

After plotting the graph Load and extension by taking Load
along Y-axis and extension along X-axis, it observed that the
graph shows a straight line.
Therefore, k= F/l =slope of straight line,
Tanθ= AC/GC=BD/EF
The weight 1 gf can be converted into newton and length 1cm
into m as,
1gf=1×10-3×9.8N
and, 1cm=1×10-2m
Thus, k=24.69Nm-1 [for graph
k’= 23.46Nm-1 [for Average value]
RESULT:
1. The load-extension graph for a given helical spring is a
straight line.
2. The required value of force constant for the given spring
is 24.69Nm-1.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The spring support should be rigid.
2. The motion of the loaded spring should not be jerky,it
should be strictly along vertical.
3. The amplitude of the oscillation should be small.
4. The addition add removal of weights should be done in a
gentle manner
5. The values on the slotted weights should indicate their
true mass.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. The slotted weights added on hanger may not have true
or correct weights.
2. The pointer may not be horizontal.
3. The support of the spring may not be rigid.
4. The spring may get stretched permanently due to too
mu6load on the hanger.

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NAME- ADITI SEN

This is to certify that Miss ADITI SEN of Class XI Section D of

I would like to convey my thanks to My PHYSICS teacher

NAME OF STUDENT : ADITI SEN

In the class 11 Physics experiment given here, we will

• AIM: To find the force constant of a helical spring by

Where, k is the constant of proportionality called as force

Measurement of Extension in Length

PLOTTING GRAPH AND CALCULATION:

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