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Satellites and Security

Satellite systems are critical infrastructure for national, economic, and homeland security. They interconnect distributed networks, provide broadcasting services, connectivity to remote areas, and mobile communications. Satellites are also resilient in disasters. The satellite industry includes manufacturing, launch, and ground equipment sectors. Revenues have grown annually, with fixed satellite services making up the largest portion. Demand from consumers, government, and new applications is driving industry growth. Satellites are essential for national defense and disaster response. The US government relies on commercial satellites but also maintains military satellite systems and is pursuing more responsive space capabilities.

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94 views32 pages

Satellites and Security

Satellite systems are critical infrastructure for national, economic, and homeland security. They interconnect distributed networks, provide broadcasting services, connectivity to remote areas, and mobile communications. Satellites are also resilient in disasters. The satellite industry includes manufacturing, launch, and ground equipment sectors. Revenues have grown annually, with fixed satellite services making up the largest portion. Demand from consumers, government, and new applications is driving industry growth. Satellites are essential for national defense and disaster response. The US government relies on commercial satellites but also maintains military satellite systems and is pursuing more responsive space capabilities.

Uploaded by

polydimethyl
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Satellites and National, Economic, and Homeland Security

David Cavossa, Executive Director, SIA


SIA MEMBER COMPANIES

Value of Satellite Systems


Satellite systems perform most effectively when:
interconnecting widely distributed networks, providing broadcasting services over very wide areas such as a country, region, or entire hemisphere providing connectivity for the last mile in cases where fiber networks are simply not available for interactive services. providing mobile wideband and narrow band communications satellites are best and most reliable form of communications in the case of natural disasters or terrorist attacks - fiber networks or even terrestrial wireless can be disrupted by tsunamis, earthquakes, etc.. i.e. satellites are instant infrastructure
2

Satellite Industry Overview


Satellite Manufacturing Satellite Manufacturing Component and Subsystem Manufacturing Satellite Services DBS/DARS Fixed Satellite Services Voice, Video, Data VSATs Remote Sensing Transponder Agreements Mobile Satellite Services Mobile Phone Mobile Data Launch Industry Launch Services Vehicle Manufacturing Component and Subsystem Manufacturing

Ground Equipment Mobile Terminals Gateways Control Stations VSATs DBS Dishes Handheld Phones DARS Equipment

World Satellite Industry Revenues


$90 $80
$82.7 $88.8

Revenue (in Billions)

$70 $60
$64.2 $64.4 $71.3 $74.3

$50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

World satellite industry revenues had average annual growth of 6.7% for the period 2000-2005

Fixed Satellite Services


FSS Industry
Geosynchronous Spacecraft ~22,000 miles in orbit C, Ku and Ka Frequencies Terrestrial Infrastructures
Teleports TT&C Centers Service Platforms Fiber Interconnects

Diverse market-base
Media Distribution Telecom Infrastructure Enterprise Networks Government Networks & Apps

~ 250 operational commercial GEO satellites in use today


59 to be launched over next 3 years
5

Mobile Satellite Industry


Function like terrestrial wireless system with ubiquitous reach Use a mix of orbit types Geosynchronous (GEO) Non-geosynchronous (LEO and MEO) System sizes range from (1) GEO satellite to (66) LEO Satellites Use a mix of frequencies Mostly L-Band / Some S-Band, UHF/VHF Feeder links and some services use C, Ka, and Ku-Band Applications Aeronautical Maritime Land
6

World Satellite Services Revenue


$60 $50
DBS MSS FSS

$41.3 $35.8 $28.8

Revenue (in Billions)

$40 $30
$22.0 $18.3 $25.5

$20 $10 $0 2000


2000 FSS DBS MSS Total $9.1 $18.3 $1.5 $28.9 2001 $9.0 $22.0 $1.3 $32.3

$1.5 $9.1

$1.3 $9.0

$1.3 $8.8

$1.6 $9.5

$1.8 $9.3

$1.7 $9.8

2001
2002 $8.8 $25.5 $1.3 $35.6

2002
2003 $9.5 $28.8 $1.6 $39.8 2004 $9.3 $35.8 $1.8 $46.9

2003
2005 $9.8 $41.3 $1.7 $52.8

2004

2005

FSS=VSAT services, remote sensing, and transponder agreements DBS/DARS=DTH TV, DARS, and Broadband MSS=Mobile telephone and mobile data

Satellite Manufacturing Revenues


$12
U.S. Revenue World Revenue
$11.5

$10 Revenue (in Billions)

$11.0 $10.2 $9.5 $9.8

$8

$7.8

$6
$6.0

$4
$4.4 $3.8 $4.6 $3.9 $3.2

$2

$0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

World Revenue US Revenue


U

N.B. Satellite Manufacturing revenues are recorded in the year the satellite is delivered/launched, not when contract is awarded. World revenue includes the US revenue
8

Launch Industry Revenues


$6
U.S. Revenue World Revenue

$5

Revenue (in Billions)

$5.3

$4
$3.7 $3.0 $2.7 $3.2 $2.8 $2.1 $3.0

$3

$2

$1
$1.1 $1.0

$1.5

$1.5

$0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

World Revenue U US Revenue

N.B. - Launch Industry revenues are recorded in the year the launch occurs, not when contract is awarded.
9

Satellite Industry Trends


After a few difficult years, the satellite industry has begun to rebound.
New technologies are being funded New applications are driving services demand New markets are opening worldwide as regulations change

The key factors are:


Consumer demand especially video Government demand and investment in technology Financial market interest and investment in both existing and new businesses Consolidation and rationalization of capacity

These factors flow through the industry as new user solutions drive demand for more innovative satellites.
10

Critical To The Economy

Pump Gas

Eat Out

Watch TV

Shop

Transact Financially

Stay at Hotels

Buy & Service Automobile


11

Critical to Homeland Security


Bureau of Indian Affairs Centers for Disease Control Environmental Protection Agency Federal Aviation Administration Federal Bureau of Investigation Fish and Wildlife Service Food and Drug Administration General Services Administration Internal Revenue Service National Institutes of Health National Park Service National Weather Service* Nuclear Regulatory Commission Transportation Security Agency Social Security Administration White House

U.S. Senate U.S. Navy U.S. Army U.S. Air Force U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Marine Corps U.S. Forest Service U.S. Customs Service U.S. Geological Survey Department of Commerce Department of Agriculture Department of Justice Department of State Department of Homeland Security Department of the Treasury Department of Veterans Affairs Agency for International Development

12

Satellite Industry Response to Katrina

13

14

15

16

17

18

Critical To National Security Network Centric Warfare

Deployed Forces
800 700 600
F 500 O R 400 C E S 300

Commercial Satellite Services


3500

3,200

542K

3000 2500
M 2000 B P S 1500

200 100 0

51K

54K

132K

736 250 99 IRAQI FREEDOM (2003)

1000 500 0

DESERT STORM (1991)


Source: Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)

KOSOVO (1999)

ENDURING FREEDOM (2002)


80%

Commercial Satellite B/W Military Satellite B/W

20%
19

Projected DoD Wideband Needs

On-orbit Capacity (Gbps)

30 25 20 15 10 5 0
FY 04 FY 06 FY 08 FY 10 FY 12 FY 14
s nt e em d ) ir e q u e la t Re r d AT n ba -TS e id o n W (n
~6 Gbps

WGS 5 WGS 4 WGS 3 WGS 2

~18 Gbps ~11 Gbps

WGS 1 GBS 3 GBS 2 GBS 1 DS CS 10 DS CS 9 DS CS 8 DS CS 7 DS CS 6 DS CS 5 DS CS 4 DS CS 3 DS CS 2

20
DS CS 1

Current SATCOM Systems


UHF Follow-On (UFO) Defense Satellite Comm System (DSCS) Global Broadcast Service (GBS) Milstar Commercial

UHF ! Low data rates


!

SHF ! Mix of data rates


!

Ka-Band
! !

EHF ! Low & Medium data


!

Hosted on UFO Growing numbers of receive terminals One way broadcast High data rate
!

Large number of mobile terminals Demand Assigned Multiple Access increases user access No protection

L,C & Ku ! Mix of fixed & mobile services


! !

Fixed, transportable, & some mobile terminals Mostly FDMA users Limited Anti-Jam protection

Fixed, transportable, & mobile terminals Supports tactical & strategic users Nuclear & Anti Jam Crosslinks

Mix of data rates Users pay for service No protection Growing use

! !

21

Types of COMSATCOM Services

AFFOR

SATCOM
X (DSCS) C, Ku, UHF EHF, Ka(WGS)

Fixed to Fixed

JTF HQ

JSOTF ARFOR MARFOR

Reachback
AFFOR

Teleport

JTF HQ

Tactical to Tactical
JSOTF MARFOR NAVFOR

ARFOR

UAV
22

What the DoD Wants


Information sharing and analysis
Open dialogue on vulnerability, protection and operational issues

Terrestrial physical security


Site backup, protection posture and contingency plans

Personnel security
Background investigations and access controls

Cyber/Network security
Detect and respond to intrusions; guarantee secure connectivity

TT&C information assurance


Encrypted connectivity

Space situational awareness


System baseline, location, TT&C and mission status

RFI incident management


Timely detection, notification, characterization and response
23

EMI/RFI
Publicly Reported Interference Events
China blinding Milsats Iranian Diplomatic Facility Uplink Jamming of VOA Broadcasts to Iran Al Manar attempts by Israel Thuraya Jamming in 2006 Libya Jamming of US Satellites for Blackmail

China is believed to be conducting research and development on a number of different anti-satellite weapons, including direct-ascent systems, antisatellite satellites, radio frequency weapons, and lasers. Chinese Military re: Cyber/Network Operations Attacks
24

DoD Procurement

25

DoD Satcom Procurement

26

What We Want: Long Term Relationship

27

World Satellite Services Revenue


$60 $50
Revenue (in Billions)

DBS MSS FSS

$41.3 $35.8

$40
$28.8

$30
$22.0 $18.3

$25.5

$20 $10 $0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005


28

$1.5 $9.1

$1.3 $9.0

$1.3 $8.8

$1.6 $9.5

$1.8 $9.3

$1.7 $9.8

Version 2.0

29

Operationally Responsive Space


The goals of ORS to produce satellites that are less costly, at a faster rate, and in greater numbers; and provide niche capabilities, new technologies, and surge capacity; are not restricted to just small satellites and quick launch technologies. The DoD, industry, and Congress should embrace the operationally responsive space movement as an obvious next step toward transformation. Next step that includes, not only small satellites and cheap launch vehicles, but also encourages;
Shared Payloads/Hosted Payloads Multiyear Commercial Transponder Leases Pre-Positioned Capacity and Transponder Portability Repositionable Spot Beams and/or Satellites
30

US National Space Policy

Released August 31, 2006

31

National COMSATCOM Policy Needed


To maintain and expand our capabilities, we recommend that the US Government develop a national commercial satellite communications policy that:
Relies to the maximum extent possible, on commercial satellite systems to meet the unclassified, non-sensitive communications needs of the US Government; Maintains robust satellite technology development programs, such as the Transformational Communication Architecture and Operationally Responsive Space programs; Takes maximum advantage of the flexibility of current procurements laws which allow multiyear procurement and the aggregation of government demand to build long-term stable relationships with the commercial industry; Improves current satellite export control regime; Maintains a strong national technological leadership through sponsorship of satellite education programs, career opportunities, and the education of key Government personnel; Preserves and protects satellite spectrum from harmful interference;
32

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