READING COMPREHENTION

NUMBER 1
Most (1)________ the addicts are men. They come home (2)________ work, eat their
meal quickly and then spend the evening (3)______ their computers. Some of them make
programs, (4)________ most of them just play games. Some wives say the computer is
killing their marriage. Their husbands play until three(5)______ four o'clock (6)______ the
morning and all weekend. People call these lonely wives "computer widows".
When television became popular (7)______ the 1950s, doctors said it caused
"television neck", "TV eyes" and other new illnesses. Now it is the home computer. People
say it causes headaches, backaches and makes their eyes tired. But worst (8)______ all, it is
addictive. That means it is (9)______ drinking, smoking or taking drugs. Some people can't
stop (10)________ it.
Your answers:
NUMBER 2
The relationship (1) __________________ students and teachers is less formal in the
USA(2) ________________ in many other countries. American students do not stand up
when their teachers enter the room. Students are encouraged to ask questions during
class, to stop in the teacher’s office for extra help, and to phone if they (3)
________________ absent. Most teachers allow students to enter class late or leave (4)
________________ if necessary. Despite the lack of formality, students are still expected to
(5) ______________ polite to their teachers and fellow classmates.
When students want to ask questions, they usually raise a hand and wait to be
called(6) _________________. When a test is being given, talking to a classmate is not only
rude(7) ________________ also risky. Most American teachers consider that students (8)
_______________ are talking to each other during a test are cheating.

NUMBER 3
In Britain, the issue of whether or (1) ____________ children should be made to wear
school uniform has been hotly debated (2) ____________ many years. Newspapers
frequently include reports of children being sent home (3) ____________ they were not
wearing the right style of shoes (4) ____________ the wrong colour of pullover. In Brtain,
There is no national uniform policy; it’s the responsibility of each head teacher to
decide if their students should wear a uniform, and if so, to lay down exactly (5)
____________ that uniform should consist of.
In Japan, there is a strict uniform policy in all schools. Boys in secondary schools
wear a dark jacket (6) ____________ buttons down the front and a high collar, and girls
wear a blue and white uniform based (7) ____________ a nineteenth-century sailor suit.
There is a correct length for girls’ skirts and teachers will sometimes use a tape
measure to check (8) ____________. In Japan, as in many other countries, children find
ways of bending the uniform rules.
In the USA, uniforms were introduced in some urban areas in the 1980s in an
attempt to prevent students bullying each (9) ____________ simply because of the cothes

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they were wearing. Within a decade about 25 per cent of (10) ____________ primary
school pupils and 12 per cent of secondary students were wearing uniforms.
NUMBER 4

Learning a language is, in some way, like (1) __________________ how to fly or
play the piano. There (2) _________________ important differences, but there is a very
important similarity. It is this: learning how to do such things needs lots (3) ___________
practice. It is never simply to “know” something. You must be able to “do” things with what
(4) ___________ know. For example, it is not enough simply to read a book on (5)
______________ to fly an aero plane. A (6) ___________ can give you lots of information
about how to fly, but if only read a book and then try to (7) _____________ without a great
deal of practice first, you will crash and kill (8) ____________ . The same is true of (9)
______________ the piano. So you think it is enough simply to read about it? Can you play
the piano without having lots of (10) _________________ first?
NUMBER5

Looking nervously around, Michael (1)__________up the wallet which he

(2)__________in the street. Michael was unemployed and he needed some
(3)__________and now he could buy food for his family. (4)__________first he thought it
was a book, but then he saw some money in it. He thought he was (5)__________. In (6),
Michael was very (7)__________He didn't have enough money to pay for somewhere to
live. He spent most of his time (8)__________for work and sometimes he asked people for
money.
When he (9)__________the wallet, he saw lots of money and several
(10)__________cards and an address inside. Michael took the (11)__________to the
address. The address was at a large house in the city and the (12)__________was very glad
to get it (13)__________He gave Michael a big (14)__________for (15)__________he did.

NUMBER 6

Television is an important invention of the twentieth century. It has been

(1)_________ popular that now we can't imagine what life would be (2)_________if there
were no television.
Television is a major (3)_________of communication. It brings pictures and sounds
from around the world into millions of homes. Through (4)_________, viewers can see and
learn about people, places and things in faraway lands. Television (5)_________our
knowledge by introducing to us new ideas (6)_________may lead us to new hobbies and
recreations.
In addition (7)_________the news, television provides us with a variety of programs
that can satisfy (8)_________taste. Most people now seem to like spending their evenings
(9)_________television. It is more convenient for them to sit at home watching TV
(10)_________to go out for amusements anywhere else.

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 NUMBER 7

John lived (1)________ his mother in a very big house, and when she died, the house
became (2)________ big for him, (3)________ he bought a smaller one in the next street.
There was a very nice old clock in his first house, and when the men came to take his
furniture (4)________ the new house, John thought, "I'm not going to let them (5)________
my beautiful old clock in their truck. Perhaps they'll break it, and then repairing it will
(6)________ expensive." So he picked it up and began to carry it down the road in his arms.

It was heavy, so he stopped two or three times to have a (7)________ .

Then suddenly a small boy came along the road. He stopped and looked (8)________ John
for a few seconds. Then he said to John, "You're a foolish man, (9)________ you? Why
don't you (10)________ a watch like everybody else?"

NUMBER 8
In 1973, when the tiger appeared to (0) be facing extinction, the World Wide Fund for
nature and (1)________ Indian Government agreed to set (2) ________ “Operation Tiger” –
a campaign (3) ________ save this threatened creature. They started by creating nine special
parks (4) ________ that tigers could live in safety. The first was at Ramthambhore , a region
(5) ________ was quickly turning into a desert (6) ________ too much of the grass was
being eaten by the local people’s cattle. At the time there (7) ________ just fourteen tigers
left there. The government had to clear twelve small villages, which means moving nearly
1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land (8) ________ be handed back to nature.
Today, Ramthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall (9) ________for tigers
to hide in, and there are now at (10) ………… forty of them (11) ________the park,
wandering freely about. Other animals have also benefited. For example, there are many (12)
________ deer and monkeys than before. The people (13) ________ were moved are now
living in better conditions. They live in new villages away (14) ________ the tiger park,
with schools, temples and fresh water supplies. There are now sixteen such tiger parks in
India and the animals’ future looks (15) ________ little safer.

NUMBER 9

To many people, their friends are most important (1)________ in their life. Really
good friends (2)________ the good times and the bad times, help you when you’ve got
problems, never judge you and never turn their (3)________ on you. Your best friend may
be (4)________ you’ve known all your life, someone you’ve grown up with and been
through lots of (5)________ and downs with.
There are all sorts of things that can bring about this special relationship. It may
be the (6)________ of enjoying the same activities, having the outlook on life, or sharing
similar (7)________ . Most of us (8)________ met someone that we’ve immediately felt
relaxed with, (9)________ if we’ve known them for years. However, usually it really does
take you years to (10)________ to know someone well enough to consider him
(11)________ best friend.
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 To the majority of (12)________ this is someone we trust completely and who
understands us (13)________ than anyone else. It’s the person you can turn (14)________
for impartial advice and a shoulder to cry on (15)________ life gets you down.

NUMBER 10

In Britain there is a holiday now which people call Mother’s Day. In the old days
many girls from working-class (1) ________in towns and cities and from farmers’ families
in the country worked in rich houses. They had to do all the (2) ________and their
working day was usually very long, they often (3) ________ on Sundays, too. Once a year,
it was usually (4) ________Sunday in March, they could visit their mothers. They went
home on that day and (5) ________presents for their mothers and for (6) ________
members of their families. They could stay at home only one day, and then they went
(7) ________ to their work. People call that day Mothering Day (8)________Mothering
Sunday.
Later workers at the factories and girls (9)________worked in the houses of rich
families received one free day a week, and Mothering Day became Mother’s Day. It is
(10) ________last Sunday in March.
NUMBER 11

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the
world climate. Many scientists put the blame for the recent natural disasters on the
increase (1) __________ the world temperatures and are convinced that, more than (2)
____________ before, the earth is at (3) ___________ from the force of the wind, rain and sun.
(4)__________ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, even as
hurricanes and droughts even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world
to (5)___________ .
Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to
reduce the (6)_________ of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power
plants, thus attacking the problem as it’s source. They are in favor of more money being
spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace
existing power stations.
Some scientists, (7)_________, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon
dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we (8)_________ have to wait
several hundred years to know the results. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.

NUMBER 12

Illiteracy is the condition of being (1) ________ to read and write. Illiteracy is also
(2) ________ to describe the condition of being ignorant or unknowledgeable in a
particular subject or field. Computer illiteracy is (3) ________ inability to use a computer
programming language.
Most of us (4) ________ use computers know how to send emails, or how to create a
new folder. But we know (5) ________ about programming languages, the artificial

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languages used to write instructions that can be executed by a computer. Even in
technologically (6) ________ countries, a very small percentage of computer users are
able to read or write this kind of computer language. Should we (7) ________ the effort
to learn a computer language, especially when these are so complicated? The answer
is (8) ________. Because of computer illiteracy, users are at the (9) ________ of software
manufacturers. Our society becomes more dependent on information (10) ________,
and in a few years’ (11) ________, reading and writing a computer language will be as
essential (12) ________ using a human language. Computer users will not be able to
survive (13) ________ they know the code - the set of detailed instructions that tell a
computer what to do. In the (14) ________, survival and professional success will
presuppose knowing everything about the machines we (15) ________ with.

NUMBER 13

Maybe you recycle cans, glass, and paper. Do you know that nature recycles, too?.
One of the things nature (1) _______ is water. Water goes from oceans, lakes, and rivers
into the air. Water falls from the air as (2) _______ or snow. Rain and snow eventually
find their way back to the oceans. Nature’s recycling program for water is (3) _______ the
water cycle.
The water cycle has four stages: storage, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff.
Water on Earth gets stored (4) _______ oceans, lakes, rivers, ice, and even underground.
Water goes from storage into the atmosphere by a process called evaporation. When
water evaporates, it changes from a liquid (5) _______ a gas, called water vapor. Water
vapor goes up into (6) _______ atmosphere. Water returns to the Earth as precipitation
in rain or snow by changing into drops of water (7) _______ the air gets cold enough.
Clouds are collections (8) _______ water droplets. Most precipitation falls into the oceans
and goes right back into storage.
NUMBER 14

Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But pollution problem is ______(1) complicated

as it is serious. It is complicated ______(2) much pollution is caused by things that benefit
people. For example, exhaust ______(3) automobiles causes a large percentage of all air
pollution. But automobiles ______ (4) transportation for millions of people. Factories
discharge much of the material ______(5) pollutes the air and water, but factories give
employment to a large ______(6) of people. Too much fertilizer or pesticide can ruin soil,
but fertilizers and pesticide ______ (7) important aids to the growing of crops. Thus, to end
______ (8) greatly reduces pollution immediately, people would have to ______ (9) using
many things that benefit them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution
can ______ (10) gradually reduced in several ways.
NUMBER 15

The city of Melbourne, Australia has always had a (1)______ for unusual weather.
Melbourne people enjoy (2)______ this joke to visitors: if you don’t like the weather in
Melbourne, don’t worry, just wait five minutes, because it’s sure to change.

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At the beginning of 1992, Melbourne had its (3)______ January for over 100 years. It rained
for nine days on (4)______. As well as raining all day, the weather was also cold. At night,
people in some Melbourne suburbs were (5)______ on their heating as (6)______ it was
winter. It was (7)______ cold many people could (8)______ believe that it was summer at
all.
The best weather in Melbourne, however, is not usually in the summer: it is in the autumn.
The autumn usually has more pleasant days (9)______ the summer. The weather in autumn
is usually (10)______ of warm days and cool, comfortable (11)______.
The (12)______ of the city at this time of year is beautiful, too. Melbourne has many lovely
gardens and parklands with beautiful trees. In the autumn, the trees change their (13)______
to red, gold and brown. As they are (14)______ in the air by the wind of a late autumn day,
the leaves add life to the city. So even if the summer is cold and wet, people in Melbourne
can still look forward to the (15)______ of a warm sunny autumn.
NUMBER 16
Henry is probably the luckiest person I know. I normally envy very few of my friends’
jobs because I’m happy with what I do, but Henry Adams is one of those rare people….(1)
…job I would really like to have myself. Henry,…(2 )..had always been interested…( 3 )…
both science and animals, wanted to be a vet, and we....( 4 )...both students at university at
the same time.
When his course finished, …( 5 ) …went to Aberdeen, where he looked after domestic
animals…( 6 )…as cats and dogs. He always said that he would like to move around because
he didn’t believe in staying in any job for too long. So I wasn’t very surprised when he
gave....(7 )…that job and went to work in the zoo. He stayed there for two years, and in the
evenings he studied hard to get some higher qualifications. When he had succeeded…
(8)....passing all his exams, he applied for a job…(9)…a keeper on a game reserve in Africa
in 1994. He is now responsible for the well- being of thousands of animals. In addition, he is
in charge of a special program to protect species which are in….( 10 )….of extinction..
NUMBER 17

There is much more water than land (1)______ the surface of the earth. The sea
and oceans (2)______ nearly four-fifths of the whole world, and only one-fifth of (3)______
land. If you traveled over the earth (4)______ different directions, you would have to
spend much more of your time (5)______ on water than on roads or railways. We
sometimes forget that (6)______ every mile of land there is four miles of water.
There is much water on the surface of our earth that we (7)______ to use two words to
describe. We use the word seas to (8)______ those parts of water surface which (9)______
only a few hundreds of miles wide, the word oceans to describe the huge areas of water
which are thousands of miles wide (10)______ very deep.
NUMBER 18

Most people think of computers (1) _______ very modern inventions, products of
our new technological age. But actually the idea for a computer was worked (3) _______
over two centuries (2) _______ by a man called Charles Babbage. Babbage was born in
1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician. He drew up plans for several
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calculating machines which he called “engines”. In (4) ________ of the fact that he started
building some of these, he never finished any of them. Over the years, people have
argued (5) ______ his machines would ever work. Recently, however, the Science
Museum in London has finished building an engine based on one of Babbage’s designs.
It has (6) _______ six years to complete and (7) ______ than four thousand parts have been
specially made. Whether it works or not, the machine will be on at a special exhibition
in the Science Museum to (8) _______ people of Babbage’s work.
NUMBER 19

There came a time, maybe 20,000 years ago, when man, instead of (1)______ merely
a hunter, started to domesticate animals. The dog helped in his hunting activities, geese
and ducks were kept and bred as a source of food, (2)______ was easier than (3)______ to
go out and hunt them. Once humans had domesticated animals, they turned their
(4)______ to plants. Instead of being nomads, drifting from place to place following the
game animals, they began to create farms and thus enter (5)______ more settled way of
life. Villages and towns sprang up in places where previously (6)______ had been only a
hamlet. Now animals and plants began to be kept not merely for food, but also for
interest’s sake or for their beauty.
The first writers on animal life was Aristotle, in 33 BC, and Pliny, in 75 AD, but for
many hundreds of years after Pliny the subjects of natural history, in common with
many (7)______areas of knowledge, hardly progressed at all. For the most part such zoos
as existed were in the hands of the dilettante nobility and were no more than second-
rate menageries, without (8)______ scientific purpose.
However, in the seventeenth century, naturalists began to realize that they needed
a system (9)______ classifying living things because as more plants and animals were
discovered, it was difficult to (10)______ track of them all.
NUMBER 20

George Washington was born on February 22nd, 1732 in Virginia. His

(1)________________ were Augustine and Mary Washington. George (2) ______________ up on
a farm in Virginia. Little is (3) ____________ of his early childhood. He attended (4)
________________ irregularly from his 7th to his 15th year. His (5) _____________ subject was
mathematics. He learned to be a surveyor of land when he grew up. He (6)
_______________ the army and was a leader during the American Revolution. He later
became the first (7) ____________ of the United States.
George Washington is (8) __________ by his people the "Father of our country". The
Americans (9) ___________his birthday on Presidents' Day in February. His (10) ___________
is on the one-dollar bill
NUMBER 21

Travelling to all corners of the world is (1) _______ easier and easier. We live (2)
_______ a global village, but how well do we know and understand each other? Here is
(3) _______ simple test. Imagine you have arranged a meeting at 4 p. m. What time
should you expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive? If they are German,

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they‘ll be exactly (4) _______ time. If they are American, they‘ll probably be 15 minutes
early. If they are British, they’ll be 15 minutes (5) _______, and you should allow up to an
hour for the Indians. Therefore, these are some small advice in (6) _______ not to behave
badly abroad. In France you shouldn’t sit down in a cafard until you are shaken hands
with everyone you know .In Afghanistan you‘d better spend at last 5 minutes (7) _______
hello. In Pakistan you mustn’t wink. It is offensive. In the Middle East you must never
use the left hand for greeting, eating, drinking or smoking. Also, you should care not to
admire (8) _______ in your host’s home. They will feel that they have to give it to you .In
Russia you must your hosts drink for drink or they will think you are unfriendly. In
Thailand you should clasp your hands (9) _______ and lower your head and your eyes
when you greet someone. In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands
and as quickly as (10) _______. You shouldn’t try to have a conversation until it is eaten.
NUMBER 22

Wild animals play an important part in the balance of nature and (1) _______ us
with many important products. Birds and other animals help (2). _______ insects. Wild
animals provide fur, food and recreation. They also (3) _______ our surroundings more
interesting. Uncontrolled hunting has destroyed much wildlife. People have also(4)
_______ . animals by destroying their habitats. Many animals, such as passenger pigeon,
have disappeared completely. Others, including the whooping crane, the blue whale,
and the American alligator, are in danger of (5) _______ .
Sometimes it is necessary to keep animals from becoming too (6) _______ For
example, rabbits and such rodents as ground squirrels and mice may(7) _______ great
damage to crops if they are too abundant. Deer may eat so much (8) _______ that the
herd will (9) _______ in winter because no food is left. Predators help hold down the
population of their (10) _______
NUMBER 23

English was first written down in the 6 th century. At that time, writers had to use
the twenty-three letters of the Latin (1)__________to write down what they heard.
Because English has sounds that do not (2)___________in Latin, they added letters to
represent the forty-four sounds of English. This resulted (3)_____________some irregular
spelling. After the Norman invasion of England in 1056, French became the language
spoken by the king and other people in positions of power (4)______________influence.
Many French words introduced and the spelling of many English words
(5)____________to follow French patterns. The result was a rich and irregular mix of
spellings.
The (6)___________press was invented in the 15th century. Many early printers of English
texts spoke other first languages, especially Dutch. They often paid little attention to how
English words spelled. Sometimes technical decisions were (7)____________to give
columns of print straight edges. To do this, letters were taken off the ends of words and
sometimes added to words. With time, people became (8)___________to seeing words
spelled the same way. Fixed spellings were therefore created by the printers’ decisions.
Spoken English, however, was not fixed. It continued to change, as it still does. It is no (9)_
__________that English spelling seems irregular. Words such as although, through and
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cough, for example, all have the same spelling at the end, but are (10)__
_________differently. Words such as feet, meat and seize, on the other hand, are spelled
differently but have the same sound in the middle.

NUMBER 24
My father considered (0) himself to be a lucky man. He wasn’t rich or famous,
but he was lucky. (1)_________he lost anything, he was usually (2)_________ to find it
again. (3) _________such example was a fountain pen, a present from my mother on
(4) _________ wedding anniversary. We had had a family day out in the mountains. My
brother, (5) ................................ was about ten years old at the time, and I enjoyed going to
a lake where you could hire a boat and row out across the water. (6)_________had
once been a village in the valley, but the valley had been flooded in order (7)
_________create a reservoir for a city many miles away. When the water was clear, you
could still make out the top of the church spire and the walls of houses. (8)
_________we were returning home that night, my father discovered that he had lost his
treasured fountain pen. About two weeks later, he announced that in spite
_________the gloomy weather, we were going back to the lake for the day. We were (9)
surprised, but said nothing. We set (10)_________ about nine in the morning, and as
(11)_________as we arrived at the lake, we headed (12) _________the spot where we
had had our picnic on the previous occasion. As we were deciding whether to hire a
boat for the afternoon or (13)_________, my father gave a shout. There, lying on the
ground, was a pen. There was (14)_________doubt at all in my mind that (15)
_________was the pen he had lost two weeks beforehand.
NUMBER 25

Many tourists who visit Central America find (1)________ surprising to learn that the
Mayas still live there.(2)___________ it is true that their ancient civilization came to and
end when their country was (3)_________over by the Spanish conquistadors, the Mayan
people carried (4)___living in the area. Today there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas
(5)________live in southern Mexico , and many other areas of Central America states have
large Mayan populations as (6)______.
Many of their stories and art forms have remained (7)_________over time, and today,
women weave clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that are the same as
(8)__________found in ancient temples.
The different patterns and symbols on these brightly colored(9)_______not only look
attractive.(10)________can also communicate important information such as
material(11)_________
Even though the majority of the Mayas are now Catholics, many of the festivals that they
(12)________ part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors (13)____to practice
and more Christian elements . It was perhaps the Mayas’ ability to (14)________and change
that made it possible for them to survive to the (15)___________day.
NUMBER 26

Mozart, who was born on January, 27th, 1756 in the Austrian city of Salzburg, was
(1)_________ the first nor the last child prodigy, but he was certainly the greatest. He was
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born into a moderately prosperous family (2)_________ his unmatched musical genius
made itself known extremely early. Mozart (3)____________ learning to play the
harpsichord at three and his earliest known work was composed in 1761 when he was
only five, the age (4)_________ which he also first appeared in public. From the age of six,
when his father first took (5)_________ on the first foreign tour, Mozart toured the courts
(6)_________ musical concerts of Austria, Germany, France, England, Holland,
Switzerland and Italy. It has been calculated that Mozart spent almost a third of his
short (7)_________ – he died at the age of 35 – traveling. As Mozart matured, he
continued to tour and (8)_________ concerts. Mozart (9)_________ wrote a lot of operas. His
first opera, Ri de Ponto, was first (10)_________ in Milan when he was 14, and it was the
first of his many successes in the theater.

NUMBER 27
A hundred years ago, most people traveled on foot, by train, or on horseback.
Railways made (1) ________ possible to travel rapidly over long distances. (2) __________
were also becoming popular, after the invention of the air - filled tire, which made
cycling a lot more comfortable. Buses, trams and underground railways (3) _________
invented, and cities all over the (4) _________ already had traffic jams. There were very
(5) _________ private cars and city streets were still full of horses.
What a difference a hundred years have made? Nowadays we have got used (6)
________ the problem of private cars, and some cities are (7) ________ noisy and polluted
that in many places vehicles have been banned from the city center. (8) ________ will we
travel in a hundred years’ time? Perhaps by then there will be only personal
helicopters. (9) ________may be no need to travel to work or school in the future, since
everyone will have a computer at home. There might even be more (10) ________ walking
and horse - riding, for pleasure and exercise.
NUMBER 28
People have always dreamed of living forever, and although we all know this will
(66) ____________ happen, we still want to live as long as possible. Naturally, there are
advantages and disadvantages to a long (67) ____________
In the first place, people (68) ____________ live longer can spend more time with
their family and friends. Secondly, people who have busy working lives look forward to a
long, relaxing time when they can do the things they have never had time for.
(69) ____________ the other hand, there are some serious disadvantages. Firstly,
many people become ill and consequently have to (70) ____________. time in hospital or
become (71)____________on their children and friends. Many of them (72) ____________this
dependence annoying or embarrassing. In addition to this, the (73) ____________people
get, the fewer friends they seem to have because old friends die or become ill and it's
often (74)____________to make new friends.
To sum up, it seems that living to a very old age is worthwhile for people who
stay healthy (75) ____________ to remain independent and enjoy life.

NUMBER 29
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 Society has changed (0)_____ many ways (1)_____ the introduction of computers,
and people’s lives at home and at the office have been affected. Most people are
working for fewer hours per week than they (2)_____ to, and manufacturers and
advertising agencies are becoming much (3)_______ interested in how people spend this
extra leisure time. One recent report stated that, (4)_____ the number of hobbies had
not increased, each hobby (5)_____ become much more specialized.
A second finding is that nowadays, many managers would (6)________ spend time
with their families (7)_____ stay late in the office every day. Home life is seen to be just
as important (8)_____ working. Some companies now (9)________ managers take their
annual holidays even if they don’t want to, because this leads to (10)_______ an
improvement in their performance if they have some rest.
In (11)________ of these changes, some people are working harder than ever
before. The standard of exams is getting higher, and increased competition is
(12)________ it harder to get into university than it was 20 years (13)_______.
Schoolchildren and students are now having to work (14)_____ hard that in many cases
they work longer hours than their parents.
NUMBER 30
I finished university six month (1) _______, I’ve got a degree in business
administration. I enjoyed the course very much (2) _______ I realize I should have
studied a lot harder! A few of my friends have (3) _______ got full-time jobs but most, me,
are still waiting (4) _______ something suitable to turn up. Meanwhile, I make sure that I
keep myself busy. I look through the job advertisements (5) _______ the newspapers
every day and I also ask all the people I know to tell me if they hear of any vacancies (6)
_______ they work . What I am looking for is something challenging and I would certainly
be happy to move to another city or even work abroad for a while. The (7) _______ is not
so important at this stage , provided I earn enough to live on , because I don’t want to
continue (8) _______ to depend on my parents , although they are (9) _______ generous to
me . At the moment, I’m working in a nearby restaurant two evenings (10) _______ week,
washing up and generally helping out, which brings a little money . The other people
working there are very friendly, and many of them are in the same (11) _______ as me, so
we have lots of to talk (12) _______.
NUMBER 31

make on during also example

an do find what up
reason average which when encourage
result think

Teachers have often used memory tests to assess the intelligence of their students. But
having a good memory often has little to (1) __________ with intelligence. Studies have
shown not only that some people of below (2) _________ intelligence have exceptional
memories, but (3)__________ that some highly intelligent people have poor memories. A
good memory is more often the (4) _________ of using techniques that can be learned,

11
and many of the books that have been written on the subject (5) _________ people to use
similar methods. One of these is that you make up short sentences or rhymes which can
help you remember (6)__________ you need to know by heart. For (7) ________, the first
letters of the words in the sentence ‘Rechard of York gained battles in vain’ are
ROYBIV; these are the colors of the rainbow - red, orange, yellow, and so on. Another
technique involves, linking the sounds of words with images, which can be particularly
effective (8) __________ learning new words. The learner needs to create an image to help
to remember the word. By using techniques like this, many learners (9) _________ it a lot
easier than they had expected to keep (10)_________ learning new vocabulary.

NUMBER 32
Is there really anything wrong with letting a very small child to watch television for
a few hours a day? This is a (1)__________ that didn’t need to be asked forty or fifty years
ago, when children’s television in the UK was limited to not much (2)__________ than an
hour a day. But now that daytime television has become a reality, and many homes
have satellite receivers (3)__________ channels purely for children, parents have to
decide (4) __________ too much television harms children or not. There are those __(5)_
_________ who believe that children need conversation and interaction with real people
in order to develop properly,(6)__________ watching television too much can be bad for
the child’s development. On the __(7)_ _________ hand, the vast majority of parents feel
that watching lively, bright cartoon and puppet shows on television is fun for the child,
and a little amusement can’t be (8)_ _________ a bad thing. One thing is quite clear;
(9)v__________ able to place a baby in front of the television in the knowledge that he or
she will sit there quietly for a while gives parents a welcome break (10) __________ and
then.
NUMBER 33
The Internet is made _________ (51) of millions of computers linked together
around the world in _________ (52) a way that information can be sent from any
computer to any other 24 hours a day. These ___________ (53) can be in homes, schools,
universities, government departments, or businesses. The Internet is often described
as a network of networks _________ (54) all the smaller networks of organizations are
linked together into one giant network _________ (55) the Internet. All computers are
pretty much equal once connected to the Internet, the _________ (56) difference will be
the speed of the connection _________ (57) is dependent on your Internet Service
Provider and your own modem.
_________ (58) are many things you can do and participate in once connected to the
Internet. They include using a range of services _________ (59) communicate and share
information and things quickly and inexpensively with millions of people, _________ (60)
young and old and from diverse cultures around the world.
NUMBER 34
When the day comes give yourself plenty of time to do everything: have
breakfast but don't drink too much; go to the toilet; arrive on time, but not too (1)
________ or you will find yourself getting more and more nervous while you wait to
start. Try not to talk (2) ________ the exam before you go in.
12
 In the exam, calm yourself (3) ________ by breathing deeply and thinking
positively. Read the exam questions carefully and underline all of the key instruction
words (4) __ indicate how the questions should be (5) _________ _ If possible start with
the ones (6) _________ can do easily to give you confidence. Remember what you've
learnt from practising questions and doing mock exams previously and plan your use
of time. Don't panic (7) __________ everyone around you seems to start writing
furiously straight away and don't be tempted to follow their example.
Finally, after the exam, don't join in a discussion about (8) _________ _ everyone
else did, unless you want to frighten yourself, and drain your self-confidence for the
next exam. Above (9) __, remember that exams are not designed to catch you out, but
to find out what you know, what you (10) _________ _ and what you can do.
NUMBER 35
The idea that a blind person could drive a car sounds crazy. And the concept of
someone who can’t see driving a car at almost 150 miles per hour sounds even (1)
__________. Miranda Naylor, a blind accountant from Southport, has done exactly that in an
attempt to (2) __________ money for charity. Mrs. Naylor drove (3) __________ sports car for
two miles in a straight line along the runway of a disused airfield. She was in radio contact
with her husband Pete Naylor, (4) ____________ was able to give her directions and advice in
this way. Her amazing achievement is expected to raise about £50,000, which will be
donated (5) __________ a company that trains dogs for the blind. Mrs. Naylor has been blind
(6) ___________ she was six years old and she still has some visual memories of the world (7)
__________ her. She admits that not having her sight makes her life awkward at times. She
believes that if you are disabled in any way, you shouldn’t waste time (8) __________ sorry
for yourself. “It makes a lot of sense to keep busy” she says. “Achieving (9)_______ can be a
great source of self confidence”. Miranda is now looking for a new challenge and (10)
___________ like to ride a motorbike.
NUMBER 36
In 1973, when the tiger appeared to (0) be facing extinction, the World Wide
Fund for nature and (1)____________ Indian Government agreed to set (2)______________
“Operation Tiger” – a campaign (3)___ save this threatened creature. They started by
creating nine special parks (4) ______________ that tigers could live in safety. The first
was at Ramthambhore , a region (5) ____________ was quickly turning into a desert (6)__
too much of the grass was being eaten by the local people’s cattle. At the time there
(7)__ just fourteen tigers left there. The government had to clear twelve small villages,
which means moving nearly 1,000 people and 10,000 cattle so the land __ (8)
____________ be handed back to nature.
Today, Ramthambhore is a very different place, with grass tall (9)___ for tigers to hide
in, and There are now at (10) ____________ forty of them (11) ____________ the park,
wandering freely about. Other animals have also benefited. For example, there are
many (12) ____________ deer and monkeys than before. The people (13) ____________ were
moved are now living in better conditions. They live in new villages away (14)
____________ the tiger park, with schools, temples and fresh water supplies. There are
now sixteen such tiger parks in India and the animals’ future looks (15) ____________
little safer.
13
 NUMBER 37

Mozart, who was born on January, 27th, 1756 in the Austrian city of Salzburg, was
(1)_________ the first nor the last child prodigy, but he was certainly the greatest. He was
born into a moderately prosperous family, (2)_________ his unmatched musical genius
made itself known extremely early. Mozart (3)____________ learning to play the
harpsichord at three and his earliest known work was composed in 1761 when he was
only five, the age (4)_________ which he also first appeared in public. From the age of six,
when his father first took (5)_________ on the first foreign tour, Mozart toured the courts
(6)_________ musical concerts of Austria, Germany, France, England, Holland,
Switzerland and Italy. It has been calculated that Mozart spent almost a third of his
short (7)_________ – he died at the age of 35 – traveling. As Mozart matured, he
continued to tour and (8)_________ concerts. Mozart (9)_________ wrote a lot of operas. His
first opera, Ri de Ponto, was first (10)_________ in Milan when he was 14, and it was the
first of his many successes in the theater.
NUMBER 38
The Browns live in the countryside. Last week when they came up to London,
they(1)____________ their times in seeing as much as (2)____________. Mrs. Brown was most
interested in stores, especially in Oxford Street, and bought some of (3)____________
things which she could not find in the shops in the countryside. Their two children,
George and Susan,(4)____________ had never been to London before, were surprised
(5)____________the crowds everywhere. They enjoyed traveling on the underground and
going down the moving stairs (6)____________lead to the platforms.
One day they went to Hyde Park and walked along on the grass to Kensington
Garden (7)____________ the bright autumn sunshine. It was very quiet here. Only
(8)____________ noise from the streets reminded them that they were still in a city. The
(9)____________ of the tall trees were turning red, brown and yellow, birds were
(10)____________about, sheep (11)____________ eating the grass, there
were(12)____________of flowers, and ducks were swimming about on the Round Pond.
George,(13)____________hobby was planes and boats, was very much interested in the
model boats which boys were sailing (14)…………… the Pond.
Before the end of the week they had seen a great (15)____________ . They hoped,
however, to see more of London on their next visit.
NUMBER 39
The city of Melbourne, Australia has always had a (1)________ for unusual weather.
Melbourne people enjoy (2)________ this joke to visitors: if you don’t like the weather in
Melbourne, don’t worry, just wait five minutes, because it’s sure to change.
At the beginning of 1992, Melbourne had its (3)______ January for over 100 years.
It rained for nine days on (4)_________. As well as raining all day, the weather was also
cold. At night, people in some Melbourne suburbs were (5)______ on their heating as
(6)_________ it was winter. It was (7)_________ cold many people could (8)_________ believe
that it was summer at all.

14
The best weather in Melbourne, however, is not usually in the summer: it is in the
autumn. The autumn usually has more pleasant days (9)________ the summer. The
weather in autumn is usually (10)______ of warm days and cool, comfortable (11)_______.
The (12)_________ of the city at this time of year is beautiful, too. Melbourne has many
lovely gardens and parklands with beautiful trees. In the autumn, the trees change their
(13)______ to red, gold and brown. As they are (14)______ in the air by the wind of a late
autumn day, the leaves add life to the city. So even if the summer is cold and wet,
people in Melbourne can still look forward to the (15)__________ of a warm sunny
autumn.
NUMBER 40
It is generally accepted that present-day animals and plants differ from those of
the
past, (0) ...having ... changed by a general process called evolution. But this theory has
been widely accepted for little (1) ____________than a hundred years. The present theory
of evolution was
developed (2)____________two naturalists – Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace –
working independently.
When he was a young man (3) ____________22, Darwin went as naturalist on a
round-the-world, map-making cruise aboard a British naval survey ship, HMS Beagle.
The cruise began in 1831 and lasted (4) ____________1836. In the Galapagos islands,
Darwin came (5) ____________a group of birds, later to become known (6)
____________“Darwin’s finches”. They were similar to one (7) ____________ in their color,
song, nests and eggs, and were clearly descended (8) ____________ the same finch stock,
(9) ____________ each had a different kind of beak and was adapted (10) ____________a
different way of life. (11)____________were seed-eaters, fly-catchers, woodpeckers and
various other types.
Darwin assumed that the ancestors of all (12)____________types had been blown to
the islands in bleak weather, had survived and changed somehow (13) ____________the
various forms. In the years after the voyage, Darwin gradually came to the conclusion
that individuals better suited (14) ____________ their environment would tend to leave
more offspring while those (15) ____________well adapted would die out.
NUMBER 41
Nowadays there is plenty of good amusement available for young children, and of
course, seeing plenty of books in use about the house will also (1) _______ them to read.
Of course, books are no (2) _______ the only source of stories and information. There is
also a huge range of videos, which can reinforce and extend the (3) _______ a child find in
a book and are equally valuable in helping to (4) _______ vocabulary and concentration.
Television gets a bad press as far as children are concerned, mainly (5) _______ too many
of them spend too much time watching programmes not intended for their age (6)
_______ .
Too many television programmes are not (7) _______ for children. They had better
watch the programmes designed (8) _______ young children. Just as adults enjoy reading
a book after seeing it serialized on (9) _______, so children will pounce on books which

15
feature their favourite television characters and videos can (10) _______ a new
dimension to a story known from a book.

NUMBER 42

Rivers are one of the world’s most important natural resources. Many cities are on
large rivers, and (1)____________every country has at least one river that plays an
important part in the (2)____________of its people.
Besides transportation, rivers (3)____________food, water for crops, water to drink,
and opportunities for recreation for people who live along their (4)____________And in
order to get (5)____________for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam (6)____________a
river and let the water become a lake behind the dam. Then people can use their water
not only to irrigate fields but to make electricity for homes and industries as
(7)____________
However, the water often becomes (8)................when cities on river banks grow in
size and the number of industries (9)____________ We are learning that it is necessary to
keep rivers clean (10)____________we don’t want to enjoy the benefits of the natural
resources.
NUMBER 43
Water is our life source . It makes up 70 percent (1) ____________our bodies, and the
average person actually spends 18 months of his life in the bath (2)____________shower.
But we are only now learning (3) ____________to look after water. Acid rain has
polluted as many as 18,000 lakes and our seas and our rivers are (4) ____________with
waste products. It is now very expensive to try to repair the damage (5)____________has
been done .We have some hope for the future, though, because new (6)____________of
water have been discovered. People living the Sahara Desert have (7) ____________fish
swimming in deep undergrowth steams. Scientists also believe (8)____________is a huge
lake beneath London. If we have learnt anything from our mistakes, we will try to keep
these new areas of water clean
NUMBER 44
In a village on the east coast of Scotland, people were waiting anxiously for news.
Two of their fishing-boats (1) ________ been caught in the storm (2) ________ had blown
up during the night. In the cottages round the harbour people stood (3) ________ their
door, (4) ________ worried to talk.
The rest of the fishing fleet had (5) ________the harbour before dark, and the men
from these ships waited and watched with the wives and families of (6) ________ missing
men. Some had (7) ________ thick blankets and some flasks to hot drinks, knowing that
the men (8) ________ be cold and tried. As dawn began to break over (9) ________ the east,
a small point if light was (10) ________ in the darkness of the water and a (11) ________
minutes later, (12) ________ was a shout. Before long, the two boats (13) ________ turning
in, past the lighthouse, to the inside of the harbour. The men (14) ________ helped out of
their boats, and although they were stiff (15) ________ cold and tiredness, they were all
safe.

16
 NUMBER 45
My most embarrassing experience (1)________ when I had just left university. I had
just started (2)________ in a Liverpool secondary school. One morning my alarm clock
didn't go (3)________ because I had forgotten to (4)......... it up. I woke up at haft past
eight and school began at nine. I (5)________ washed, shaved, got dressed, jumped
(6)________ my car and (7) ________to school. When I arrived, the students (8)________
already gone into class. I didn't go to the staff room, but went (9)........... into class. After
two or three (10)________the students (11)________ laughing, and I couldn't understand
(12)________! Suddenly I looked (13)________and (14)________I had (15)________on one black
shoe and one brown shoe! NUMBER 46

Many hundred years (1)_________ there were many villages and few towns in
England. The villagers liked to go into the forests and the fields when spring came. On
the first Sunday of May they usually took a tree back (2)___________ them and put it
(3)________ the village
The children danced round it and the men and the women (4)__________ games around it.
Later the international working class made the First of May their day of solidarity.
The First May Day was (5)_________ in England in 1890 when the workers decided
to fight for an eight - hour working day and an end to the very long hours that they
worked. In London, the workers (6)______ from all places to a meeting in Hyde Park.
This demonstration (7)_________ their unity and solidarity.
After that, May Day in England was usually celebrated on the Sunday nearest to
the first day of the month.
There (8)_________ many large May Day demonstrations. The working people
showed on those days their solidarity with the progressive people in other countries.
NUMBER 47
For many Americans, Sunday is a (1)________of rest. After a busy (2)________ of
bussines and work routines, it is a day to pause and focus on faith and (3)________
However it is not a day to waste away by doing nothing. It (4)________a day for many to
attend church and to worship (5)________ their local community. On Sunday most
department stores and business (6)________closed for the day and only places of
entertainment and culture may be open to the public.
Sometimes when we read the (7)________ and watch TV, we get the false impression
that American is an amoral society where people have no respect (8)________family and
religious values. This concept is often exploited (9)________ tabloid papers and the
foreign press (10)________ nothing could be further from the truth. In spite of the
apparent carefree attitude sometimes projected by the press, many Americans,
especially those living in the rural (11)……………… and the deep south, are very
traditional in their approach (12)________ life, family and religion. (13)________for them
still (14)________ a time to attend their local church and to meet with their fellow
parishioners. The church service becomes (15)________ them the centre of their day’s
activities.
17
 NUMBER 48

Every country has (1) _________________ own educational culture. Studying in Britain is not just a
question of what you will study (2) _________________ also how you will study it. British teachers expect
learners to become responsible, independent, autonomous (3) _________________ self-motivated. What
does this mean in practice?

 Most teachers in language schools in Britain are informal. You can call (4) _________________
by their first names.

 Learners should follow the course and complete their homework or assignments on time. If
you are ill or have other good reasons for not finishing work on time, your teachers will be
understanding and give you as much help (5) _________________ they can. However teachers
cannot help if students don’t do any work.
 Teachers appreciate students who know what their goals are. This could be to learn your
subject for a special purpose, to pass (6) _________________ exam, to qualify for a job, or to
study the subject as deeply as possible. If you are clear about your goals, your teachers can
advise you on how to achieve them.

 British teachers will not tell you the answers to (7) _________________. They will not give you
some material and tell you to memorise the contents.

 In Britain you can find information to help with your studies in many places - in libraries,
bookshops, online, and through television and radio programmes.

 Teachers will tell you where you can find information and how you can use (8)
_________________. They will give you advice on how you can explore your subject and make
discoveries for yourself. However you must be willing to go to teachers and ask for their
help and advice. If you do, teachers will be happy to help, but they expect you to do the
work.

 Questions are the key to education. If you ask your teachers good, relevant questions you
will show that you are interested (9) _________________ the subject. This also makes the
classroom a more interesting place for learning. British teachers like being asked questions.
Your fellow students are glad if you ask questions (10) _________________ it helps them learn
too.

18
 NUMBER 1

1. of 2. from 3. on 4. but 5. or
6. in 7. in 8. of 9. like 10. doing
NUMBER 2
1. between 2. than 3. are 4. early
5. be 6. on/upon 7. but 8. who/that
NUMBER 3
1. not 2. for 3. because/as/since/when 4. or 5. what

6. with 7. on 8. them 9. other 10. all

NUMBER 4

1. learning 2. are 3. of 4. you 5. how

6. book 7. fly 8. yourself 9. playing 10. practice

NUMBER 5
1. picked 6. fact 11. wallet
2. found 7. poor 12. owner
3. money 8. looking 13. back
4. At 9. examined/searched 14. reward
5. lucky 10. credit 15. what
NUMBER 6

1. so 2. like 3. means 4. television 5. widens / broadens

6. which / that 7. to 8. every 9. watching 10. than

NUMBER 7
1. with 2. too 3. so 4. to 5. carry
6. be 7. rest 8. at 9. aren’t 10. buy
NUMBER 8
IX. 6. since/ as/ because/ for 11. in
1. the 7. were 12. more
2. up 8. might/ could 13. who/ that
3. to 9. enough 14. from
4. so 10. least 15. a
5. that/ which
NUMBER 9
1. things 6. result 11. your
2. share 7. experiences 12. us
3. back 8. have 13. better
4. someone 9. as 14. to
19
 5. ups 10. get 15. when
NUMBER 10

1. families 2. housework 3. worked 4. one 5. brought/ bought

6. other 7. back 8. or 9. who 10. the
NUMBER 11
1.IN 2. EVER 3. RISK 4. ACCORDING
5. RISE 6. AMOUNT 7. HOWEVER 8. WOULD
NUMBER 12
1. UNABLE 6. ADVANCED / DEVELOPED 11.TIME
2. USED 7. MAKE 12. AS
3. THE / ONE'S 8. YES 13.UNLESS
4. WHO 9. MERCY 14.FUTURE
5. NOTHING / LITTLE / NONE 10. TECHNOLOGY 15.WORK
NUMBER 13:
1. Recycles 2. rain 3. called 4.in 5. into 6. the 7.
when 8. of
NUMBER 14:
1. as 2. as/because/since 3. from 4. provide 5. that/which

6. number 7. are 8. or 9. stop 10. be

NUMBER 15:
1. reputation 2. telling 3. wettest 4. end 5. turning/ switching 6. if/ though 7. so
8. hardly/ never 9. than 10. composed/ comprised 11. nights 12. Scenery
13. leaves 14. blown 15. possubility

NUMBER 16
1.whose 2.who3.in 4.were 5.he 6.such 7.up 8.in 9.as 10.danger.
NUMBER 17
1. on 2. cover 3. its 4. in 5. moving 6. for 7. have 8. describe 9. is 10. and

NUMBER 18

1. like 2. out 3. ago 4. spite

5. whether 6. taken 7. more 8. remind
NUMBER 19
1. being 2. which 3. having 4. attention 5. a 6.there 7. other 8. any 9. for 10. keep

NUMBER 20

NUMBER 21

20
 1. getting 2. in 3. a 4. on 5. late
6. order 7. saying 8. anything 9. together 10. possible
NUMBER 22

1. furnish 6. plentiful/ scarce

2. control 7. cause
3. make 8. vegetation
4. harmed 9. starve
5. dying out 10. prey
NUMBER 23
1.alphabet 2.exist 3.in 4.and 5.changed
6.printing 7.made 8.used_ 9.wonder 10.pronounced

NUMBER 24
1. Whenever/When/ If 2. able 3. One 4. their 5. who
6. There 7. to 8. While/As/When 9. of 10. off / out
11. soon 12. for/to/towards 13. not 14. no 15. it / this / that
NUMBER 25
(1) It (8)Those
(2) Although (9)Clothes
(3) Taken (10)But
(4) On (11)Status
(5) Who (12)Take
(6) Well (13)Use
(7) Unchanged 14)Adapt
NUMBER 26
56 neither 61 and
57 where 62 life
58 began/started 63 give
59 at 64 also
60 him 65 performed
NUMBER 27

 it  bicycles / bikes  were  world  few

 to  so  How  There 10. people
NUMBER 28
66. not/ never 67. life 68. who/that 69. On 70.
spend
71. dependent 72. find 73. older 74. hard/difficult75. Enough
NUMBER 29

0. in 3. more 7. than 11. spite

1. since / with / 4. although / while 8. as 12. making
following 5. had 9. make / insist 13. ago
21
2. used 6. rather 10. such / quite 14. so
NUMBER 30

1. ago 2. although 3. already 4. for 5. in 6. where

7. salary 8. having 9. a/per 10. very 11. situation 12. about
NUMBER 31

1. do 3. also 5. encourage 7. example 9. find

2. average 4. result 6. what 8. when 10. on
NUMBER 32

1. question 2. more 3. with 4. whether/if 5. parents

6. because 7. other 8. such 9. being 10. now

NUMBER33
51. up 52. such 53. computers 54. because/since/as 55. called
56. only/unique 57. which/that 58. There 59. to/ in order to/ 60. both
so as to
NUMBER 34
1. early 2. about 3. down 4. that/which 5. answered
6. you 7. if/when 8. what 9. all 10. understand
NUMBER 35
1. crazier 2. raise 3. a 4. who 5. to
6. since 7. around 8. feeling 9. something 10. would
NUMBER 36
1. the 2. up 3. to 4.so 5. that/which
6. since/as/ 7. were 8. might/could 9. enough 10. least
because/for
11. in 12. more 13. who/ that 14. from 15. a
NUMBER 37

56 neither 61 and
57 where 62 life
58 began/started 63 give
59 at 64 also
60 him 65 performed

NUMBER 38

1.spent 2.possible 3. the 4. who 5. at/ by

6. which 7. in 8. the 9. leaves 10. flying
22
 11. were 12. lots 13. whose 14. on 15. deal

NUMBER 39

1. reputation 9. than

2. telling 10. composed/ comprised

3. wettest 11. nights

4. end 12. scenery

5. switching/ turning 13. leaves

6. if/ though 14. blown

7. so 15. possibility

8. hardly/ never
NUMBER 40

1. more 9. but/although
2. by 10. to
3. of 11. There
4. until/till 12. these
5. across/upon 13. into
6. as 14. to
7. another 15. less/not
8. from
NUMBER 41

1. encourage 2. longer 3. pleasure 4. increase 5. because

6. group 7. suitable 8. For 9. television 10. add
NUMBER 42

1. almost/ 2. lives 3. provide/ 4. banks 5. water

nearly supply
6. across 7. well 8. polluted 9. increases/ 10. unless
grows

23
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