A Project Report on

“ Create a report depicting features of different

operating systems : “

Submitted By:
1. Kalyani Nivruti Mule (3333)
2. Smita Somnath Somangire (3345)
3.Kubde Sakshi Vishvanath (3367)

Guided By:
Prof. G.K. MANGNALE

1|Page
 Submitted To:
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC HINGOLI
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Kalyani Nivruti Mule, Smita Somnath Somangire, Kubde
Sakshi Vishvanath Roll No. 3333, 3345, 3367 of fifth Semester of Diploma in
Computer Engineering of Government Polytechnic Hingoli has completed the
Micro Project satisfactorily in course Operating System (22516) for the academic
year2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place : Hingoli Enrollment No: 2211630172,

2211630185,23510290048

Date : / /2024

Course Coordinator HOD Principal

Prof. G.K. MANGNALE Prof. N. S Jadhao Prof. B.P. Deosarker

2|Page
 Resources Required: -

Name of the Resources Specification Quantity Remark

SR.
No.

1 Opreating System Windows 7/ windows 1 -

10/linux or any other

Hardware personal i3-i5 preferable - -

2 computer

3|Page
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my great pleasure to acknowledge my research guide Prof. G.K.Mangnale lecturer in

Government Polytechnic, Hingoli, Her valuable guidance, constant inspiration, unending
support helped me a lot of focus my views in proper perspective.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. N.S. Jadhao for their valuable
guidance, support, and encouragement throughout this project. Their expertise, insight, and
advice have been instrumental in helping me to overcome challenges and achieve success. I am
truly grateful for their leadership and mentorship, which have been essential to my growth and
development asa professional. Thank you for your unwavering commitment to excellence and
for being an inspiration to us all.

Our sincere and whole hearted thanks Prof. B. P. Deosarkar, principal Government
Polytechnic, Hingoli for inspiring us to achieve highest goal. Last but not least I am also
thankful to my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing the project within limited
time frame. Thank you.

Name of the student :

1. Kalyani Nivruti Mule 2211630172

2. Smita Somnath Somangire 2211630158
3. Sakshi Vishvnath Kubade 23510290048

4|Page
 ABSTRACT

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the features of

various operating systems (OS), focusing on their design philosophies,
core functionalities, and performance metrics. It explores widely used
OS platforms such as Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS,
detailing their user interfaces, security frameworks, application
ecosystems, hardware compatibility, and customization options. The
report also delves into their scalability, reliability, and suitability for
different user groups, ranging from casual users to developers and
enterprise environments. By offering a clear comparison, the report
serves as a guide to help users select the most appropriate OS for their
personal or professional requirements.

5|Page
 INTRODUCTION

Operating systems (OS) form the foundation of digital interactions, acting as the essential
software layer that bridges hardware capabilities and user requirements. From powering
personal computers and mobile devices to managing complex enterprise systems and servers,
OS platforms play a vital role in enabling diverse technological ecosystems. Their
functionalities include managing resources, ensuring security, providing a user-friendly
interface, and facilitating the execution of applications.

In today’s technology-driven world, the choice of an operating system is more significant than
ever, with each platform offering distinct advantages and specialized features. This report
delves into the intricacies of major operating systems such as Windows, macOS, Linux,
Android, and iOS. It investigates their design philosophies, performance, compatibility, and
unique strengths to provide a holistic view.

The evolution of operating systems has brought about innovations in multitasking, security
frameworks, and cross-platform integration, enhancing user experiences across diverse
domains. Additionally, the rise of open-source platforms like Linux has fostered greater
collaboration and customization opportunities for developers. By understanding the nuances of
these systems, users can navigate technological advancements more effectively, ensuring
alignment with their goals. This report aims to highlight these differences, empowering readers
to make informed and strategic decisions in a rapidly advancing digital era.

6|Page
6|

DEFINATIONS

Operating System (OS):

An operating system is system software that acts as an intermediary
between computer hardware and users. It manages hardware resources, provides a user
interface, and enables the execution of applications by coordinating tasks such as memory
allocation, file management, and process scheduling.

Windows:
A proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft, designed for personal computers,
laptops, and enterprise environments. Known for its graphical user interface, broad software
compatibility, and widespread use in business and personal computing.

macOS:
A Unix-based operating system developed by Apple Inc., tailored exclusively for Apple devices
such as MacBooks and iMacs. It is known for its sleek design, security features, and seamless
integration with other Apple products and services.

Linux:
An open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel that serves as the foundation for various
distributions (distros) such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Renowned for its flexibility,
security, and scalability, Linux is widely used in servers, supercomputers, and embedded
systems.

Android:
A mobile operating system based on the Linux kernel, developed by Google. Designed
primarily for touchscreen devices such as smartphones and tablets, it offers extensive
customization and a large app ecosystem through the Google Play Store.

iOS:
Apple’s proprietary mobile operating system designed for iPhones and iPads. Known for its
smooth user experience, security, and robust integration with Apple’s hardware and software
ecosystem.

Kernel:
The core component of an operating system responsible for managing system resources,
including CPU, memory, and I/O devices, and providing essential services for software
applications

7|Page
 DIAGRAMS

1. Difference Types Of Operating System :

8|Page
Batch Operating System:
• Executes a batch of similar jobs without user interaction during execution.
• Ideal for repetitive tasks like payroll processing.
• Advantages: Efficient for large tasks, minimal user interaction required.
• Limitations: No real-time interaction, debugging is difficult.

Time-Sharing Operating System:

• Allows multiple users to share system resources simultaneously by rapidly switching between
tasks.
• Found in environments like universities or shared workspaces.
• Advantages: Promotes resource utilization, interactive user experience.
• Limitations: Requires advanced scheduling, increased security concerns.

Distributed Operating System:

• Manages a network of interconnected computers, enabling them to function as a single system.
• Used in distributed databases and cloud computing.
• Advantages: High reliability, scalability, and resource sharing.
• Limitations: Complexity and increased security risks.

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS):

• Processes tasks within a guaranteed time frame, suitable for critical systems.
• Common in embedded systems like medical devices, aerospace, and industrial robots.
• Advantages: Predictable response times, reliable for time-sensitive tasks.
• Limitations: Limited multitasking and complex to develop.

Mobile Operating System:

• Specifically designed for handheld devices like smartphones and tablets. Examples include
Android and iOS.
• Advantages: Touch-friendly interfaces, optimized for mobility.
• Limitations: Limited hardware upgrades, dependency on app stores.

Network Operating System (NOS):

• Enables shared access to files, printers, and other resources in a network environment.
Examples include Novell NetWare and Windows Server.
• Advantages: Centralized control, efficient resource sharing.
• Limitations: Requires expert administration, dependent on network health.

Embedded Operating System:

• Lightweight systems designed for dedicated devices like ATMs, smart appliances, and
automotive systems.
• Advantages: Highly optimized, low resource consumption.
• Limitations: Limited functionality, fixed hardware dependency.

Multiprocessor Operating System:

• Supports systems with multiple CPUs, enabling parallel processing.
• Used in supercomputers and high-performance servers.
• Advantages: High performance, fault tolerance.
• Limitations: Expensive hardware, complex design

9|Page
 Functions Of Operating System :

10 | P a g e
Key Features :

Operating
Key Features Primary Use Cases
System
- Graphical User Interface (GUI) with
extensive software support General-purpose computing,
Windows
- Wide hardware compatibility gaming, enterprise use
- Gaming support
- Unix-based, optimized for Apple
hardware Creative industries, app
macOS
- Intuitive GUI development, personal use
- Seamless ecosystem integration
- Open-source and customizable
Servers, development, embedded
Linux - Robust security and stability
systems
- Wide range of distributions
- Open-source (based on Linux
kernel)
Android Smartphones, tablets, IoT devices
- Extensive app ecosystem
- Customizable UI
- Secure, closed ecosystem
iOS - Smooth performance Premium smartphones, tablets
- Regular updates

Operating
Key Features Primary Use Cases
System

- Graphical User Interface (GUI)

with extensive software support General-purpose computing,
Windows
- Wide hardware compatibility gaming, enterprise use
- Gaming support
- Unix-based, optimized for Apple
hardware Creative industries, app
macOS
- Intuitive GUI development, personal use
- Seamless ecosystem integration
- Open-source and customizable
Servers, development, embedded
Linux - Robust security and stability
systems
- Wide range of distributions
- Open-source (based on Linux
kernel)
Android Smartphones, tablets, IoT devices
- Extensive app ecosystem
- Customizable UI

11 | P a g e
 CONCLUSION

While multitasking and multi-programming both allow for the execution of multiple
processes, they differ in their approach and efficiency. Multitasking OS excels in
environments where simultaneous execution is necessary, providing better CPU utilization
and a smoother user experience, especially in modern systems with GUIs. On the other hand,
multi-programming OS is more suitable for systems with simpler needs, where multiple
processes can be handled sequentially, but the CPU is still used effectively when processes
wait for I/O operations.

Multitasking OS is the dominant choice in modern computing environments, whereas multi-

programming OS is typically found in legacy or specialized systems. Understanding the
differences between these two types of OS is essential for selecting the appropriate system
based on specific use cases, hardware, and software requirements.

12 | P a g e
 REFFERENCES

• Tanenbaum, A. S., & Bos, H. (2014). Modern Operating Systems (4th ed.). Pearson
Education.
• Stallings, W. (2018). Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles (9th ed.).
Pearson Education.
• "Multitasking vs. Multi-programming," Tutorials Point,
https://www.tutorialspoint.com.

13 | P a g e
14 | P a g e