SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Syllabus for B.Sc.

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
Modified on July 24, 2023, Board of Studies

Semester-wise Title of the Papers in UG MATHEMATICS Course

Max.
Theory/
Year Course Paper Marks Credits
Code Title Practical
SEMESTER-I
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS & THEORY 50 4
B030101T
INTEGRALCALCULUS
B030102P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 25 2
FIRST
SEMESTER-II
MATRICES AND THEORY 50 4
B030201T DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS &
ANALYTICAL
GEOMETRY
B030202P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 25 2
SEMESTER-III
B030301T ALGEBRA & MATHEMATICAL METHODS THEORY 50 4

B030302P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 25 2

SECOND
SEMESTER-IV
B030401T DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION & MECHANICS THEORY 50 4
B030402P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 25 2

SEMESTER-V
B030501T GROUP, RING THEORY & LINEAR ALGEBRA THEORY 50 4

NUMBER THEORY & GAME THEORY 75

B030502T 6
THEORY (Opt any one
GRAPH THEORY & DISCRETE of the 75
THIRD B030503T MATHEMATICS following
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY (Elective/ 75
B030504T Optional)
& TENSORANALYSIS
B030505P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 25 2

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SEMESTER-VI
B030601T METRIC SPACES & COMPLEX ANALYSIS THEORY 75 6
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS & OPERATIONS THEORY 50 4
B030602T
RESEARCH
B030603P PRACTICAL PRACTICAL 25 2
Total Credits 48
Marks Distribution out of 100:
Papers without Practical: 25 Marks for Assessment, Attendance & Mid Semester Test
+ 75 Marks for Theory Paper
Papers with Practical: 25 Marks for Assessment, Attendance & Mid Semester Test
+ 25 Marks for External Practical examination
+ 50 Marks for Theory Paper

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Subject Prerequisites:
Mathematics in 12th/Certificate course in Applied Mathematics/Diploma in Mathematics.
Program Outcomes (POs)
PO1: It is to give foundation knowledge for the students to understand the basics of mathematics
includingapplied aspects.
PO2: It is to develop enhanced quantitative skills in pursuing higher mathematics and research as well.
PO3: Students will be able to develop solution-oriented approach towards various issues related to their
environment.
PO4: Students will become employable in various government and private sectors.
PO5: Scientific temper in general and mathematical temper, in particular, will be developed in students.
ProgramSpecific Outcomes (PSOs)
First Year Certificate in Applied Student should be able to possess recall basic idea about
Mathematics mathematics which can be displayed by them.
Second Year Diploma in Mathematics Student should haveadequate exposureto many aspects of
mathematical sciences.
Third Year Degree in Mathematics Student is equipped with mathematical modelling ability,
critical mathematical thinking, problem solving skills, etc.
and apply his/her skill and knowledge in various field of
studies including Science, Engineering, Commerce and
Management etc.

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B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-I) PAPER-I

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS & INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: FIRST Semester: FIRST
Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS &
Course Code: B030101T
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Course outcomes:
CO1: The program outcome is to give foundation knowledge for the students to understand basics of
mathematics including applied aspect for developing enhanced quantitative skills and pursuing higher
mathematics and research as well.
CO2: By the time students complete the course, they will have wide ranging application of the subject
and have the knowledge of real valued functions along with sequence and series. They will also be able
to know about convergence of sequence and series. Also, they have knowledge about curvature, envelope
and evolutes and trace curve in polar curves, Cartesian curves as well as parametric curves.
CO3: The main objective of the course is to equip the student with necessary analytic and technical skills.
By applying the principles of integral he/she learns to solve a variety of practical problems in scienceand
engineering.
CO4: The student is equipped with standard concepts and tools at an intermediate to advance level that
will serve him/her well towards taking more advance level course in mathematics.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Introduction to “Indian Ancient Mathematics and Mathematicians” should be
included under Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE).
Part I
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
I Definition of a sequence, theorems on limits of sequences, bounded and monotonic 9
sequences, Cauchy's convergence criterion, Cauchy sequence, limit superior and
limit inferior of a sequence, subsequence, Series of non-negative terms,
convergence and divergence, Comparison tests, Cauchy's integral test, Ratio tests,
Root test, Raabe's test, logarithmic test, de Morgan and Bertrand's tests,alternating
series, Leibnitz's theorem, absoluteand conditional convergence.
II Limit, continuity and differentiability of function of single variable, Cauchy’s and
Heine’s definition of continuity, equivalence of definitions of Cauchy and Heine, 7
Uniformcontinuity, Borel’s theorem, boundedness theorem, Bolzano’s theorem,
Intermediate value theorem, extreme value theorem, Darboux's intermediate value
theorem for derivatives, Chain rule, indeterminate forms.
III Rolle’s theorem, Lagrange and Cauchy Mean value theorems, mean value
theorems of higher order, Taylor's theorem with various forms of remainders, 7
Successive differentiation, Leibnitz theorem, Maclaurin’s and Taylor’s series
expansion, Partial differentiation, Euler’s theorem on homogeneous function.

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IV Tangent and normal, Asymptotes, Curvature, Envelops and evolutes, Tests for 7
concavity and convexity, Points of inflexion, Multiple points, Parametric
representation of curves and tracing of parametric curves, Tracing of curves in
Cartesian and Polar forms.
Part II
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
V Definite integrals as limit of the sum, Riemann integral, Integrability of continuous 9
and monotonic functions, Fundamental theorem of integral calculus, Mean value
theorems of integral calculus, Differentiation under the sign ofIntegration.

VI Improper integrals, their classification and convergence, Comparison test, μ-test, 7

Abel's test, Dirichlet's test, quotient test, Beta and Gamma functions.

VII Rectification, Volumes and Surfaces of Solid of revolution, Pappus theorem, 7

Multiple integrals, change of order of double integration, Dirichlet’s theorem,
Liouville’s theorem for multiple integrals.

VIII Vector Differentiation, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Normal on a surface, 7

Directional Derivative, Vector Integration, Theorems of Gauss, Green, Stokes and
related problems.

Suggested Readings (Part- I Differential Calculus):

1. R.G. Bartle & D.R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wiley & Sons
2. T.M. Apostal, Calculus Vol. I, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Gorakh Prasad, A text book on Differential Calculus, Pothishala Private Ltd., Prayagraj
4. S. Balachandra Rao & C. K. Shantha, Differential Calculus, New Age Publication.
5. H. Anton, I. Birens and S. Davis, Calculus, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2002.
6. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, Pearson Education, 2007.
7. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggested Readings (Part-II Integral Calculus):
1. T.M. Apostal, Calculus Vol. II, John Wiley Publication
2. Gorakh Prasad, A text book on Integral Calculus, Pothishala Private Ltd., Prayagraj
3. Shanti Narayan & Dr. P.K. Mittal, Integral Calculus, S.Chand
4. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons.
5. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)

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This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

Course prerequisites:
To study this course, a student must have the subject Mathematics in class12th.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

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B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-I) PAPER-II

PRACTICAL

Programme: B.Sc. Year: FIRST Semester: FIRST

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030102P Course Title: PRACTICAL
Course outcomes:
CO1: The main objective of the course is to equip the student to plot the different graphs and solve the different
types of equations by plotting the graphs using different computer software such as
SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB / /Maple /Scilab/ R Programming/C programming etc.
CO2. After completion of this course student would be able to know the convergence of sequences through plotting.
CO3. Student would be able to verify Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem through plotting the sequence.
CO4. Student would be able to verify Cauchy’s root test by plotting n th roots and Ratio test by plotting the ratio of
nth and (n+1)th term.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS
Max. Marks: 25 norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
 Practical / Lab work to be performed in Computer Lab. 60
 List of the practicals to be done using SageMath/Mathematica/
MATLAB/Maple /Scilab/ R programming/ C programming etc.
I. Plotting the graphs of the following functions: 9

(i) 𝑎𝑥
(ii) [𝑥] (greatest integer function)

(iii) 𝑥2𝑛; 𝑛𝜖 𝑁

(iv) 𝑥2𝑛−1; 𝑛𝜖 𝑁
(v) 1 ; 𝑛𝜖 𝑁
𝑥2𝑛
(vi) 1 ; 𝑛𝜖 𝑁
𝑥2𝑛−1
(vii) √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ; |ax + b|; c ± |ax + b|
(viii) |𝑥| ; sin( 1 1
𝑥 sin( ; 𝑒𝑥 ; 𝑒−𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 0
); )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
(ix) 𝑒𝑎𝑥+𝑏; log(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏); ; sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏); cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏);
𝑎𝑥+𝑏

|sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)|; |cox(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)|

Observe and discuss the effect of changes in the real constants a and b on the
graphs.

II. By plotting the graph find the solution of the equation: 7

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x = ex, x2 + 1 = ex, 1 − x2 = ex, x = log10 (x), cos (x) = x, sin(x) = x, cos(y) =

cos(x), sin(y) = sin(x) etc.

III. Sketching parametric curves, e.g., Trochoid, Cycloid, Epicycloid and 7

Hypocycloid etc.
IV. Obtaining surface of revolution of curves. 7
V. i. Study the convergence of sequences through plotting. 9
ii. Verify Bolzano-Weierstrass theoremthrough plotting of sequences and
hence identify convergent subsequences fromthe plot.
VI. Study the convergence/divergence of infinite series by plotting their sequences 7
of partial sum.
VII. Find numbers between two real numbers and plotting of finite and infinite 7
subset of R.
VIII i. Cauchy’s root test by plotting nth roots. 7
ii. Ratio test by plotting the ratio of nth and (n + 1) th term.
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

Course prerequisites:
To study this course, a student must have the subject Mathematics in class12th.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
Further Suggestions:
The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the following training programs:
SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB /Python/ /Scilab/ etc. Experts from IIT’s, NITTTR, or equivalent
should be invited for the programs to ensure quality.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
 There should be a Computer Lab with minimum of 25 computer systems for 50 students with
licensed and Free Open Source softwares related to this course.
 At least one Computer Programmer / Computer Operator must be assigned in computer
lab.
.

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B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-II) PAPER-I

MATRICES, DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

Programme: B.Sc. Year: FIRST Semester: SECOND

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: MATRICES, DIFFERENTIAL
Course Code: B030201T EQUATIONS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
Course outcomes:
CO1: The topics of the course are included in such a way that they focus on developing mathematical
skills in matrices, differential equations and geometry frombasic level to depth of knowledge.
CO2: Thestudent will be ableto find therank, eigen values of matrices and study the linear homogeneous
and non-homogeneous equations. The course in differential equation intends to develop problem solving
skills for solving various types of differential equations.
CO3: The students will be capable of learn and visualize the fundamental ideas about coordinate
geometry and learn to describe some of the surfaces by using analytical geometry.
CO4: On successful completion of the course students have gained knowledge about regular geometrical
figures and their properties. They have the foundation for higher course in Geometry.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part I
MATRICES AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
I Elementary operations on Matrices, Rank of a Matrix, Echelon form of a Matrix, 7
Normal form of a Matrix, Inverse of a Matrix by elementary operations.

II System of linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, Theorems on

consistency of a system of linear equations (without proof), Eigen values, Eigen 5
vectors and characteristic equation of a matrix, Cayley-Hamilton theorem and its
use in finding inverse of a matrix.

III Formation of differential equations, Geometrical meaning of a differential

equation, Equation of first order and first degree, Equation in which the variables 11
are separable, Homogeneous differential equations, Exact differential equations
and equations reducible to the exact form, Linear differential equations.

IV First order higher degree differential equations solvable for p, y, x. Clairaut’s 7

differential equation and singular solutions, Orthogonal trajectories, Linear
differential equation with constant coefficients,

Part II

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ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
V General equation of second degree, System of conics, Confocal conics, Polar 9
equation of conics and its properties.

VI Three-Dimensional Coordinates, Projection and Direction Cosines, Plane, 7

Straight line in three dimensions.

VII Sphere, Cone and Cylinder. 7

VIII Central conicoids, Paraboloids 7

Suggested Readings (PART-I Matrices and Differential Equations):

1. Stephen H. Friedberg, A.J. Insel & L.E. Spence, Linear Algebra, Pearson
2. B. Rai, D.P. Choudhary & H. J. Freedman, A Course in Differential Equations, Narosa.
3. D.A. Murray, Introductory Course in Differential Equations, Orient Longman
4. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggested Readings (Part-II Analytical Geometry):

1. Robert J.T Bell, Elementary Treatise on Coordinate Geometry of three dimensions, Macmillan
India Ltd.
2. P.R. Vittal, Analytical Geometry 2d & 3D, Pearson.
3. S.L. Loney, The Elements of Coordinate Geometry, McMillan and Company, London.
4. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5
Course prerequisites:
To study this course, a student must have the subject Mathematics in class12th.
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. I (SEMESTER-II)
PAPER-II PRACTICAL

Programme: B.Sc. Year: FIRST Semester: SECOND

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030202P Course Title: PRACTICAL
Course outcomes:
CO1: The objective of thecourse is to familiarize the students to use mathematical softwares such as SageMath/
Mathematica / MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R Programming/C programming etc.
CO2: After completion of course, students would be able to perform various operation related to matrices such
as addition, multiplication, finding inverse, and finding Eigen-values, Eigen-vectors.
CO3: Students would be able to trace complex number, trigonometric function, conics and coinicoids.
CO4: Students would be able to visualize the solution of ordinary differential equation.

Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
 Practical / Lab work to be performed in Computer Lab. 60
 List of the practicals to be done using SageMath/Mathematica/ MATLAB
/Maple /Scilab/ R Programming/C programming etc.
I. Graph of Circular trigonometric functions, Inverse trigonometric functions 6
II. Matrix Operations: Addition, Multiplication, Inverse, Transpose, Adjoint 9
(Adjugate), Determinant, Rank.
III. For square matrices finding characteristic equation, Eigen-values, Eigen-vectors. 7

IV. Verification of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and solving the systems of linear 7
equations.
V. Tracing of Circle, Ellipse, Hyperbola and Parabola in Cartesian coordinates/ polar 7
coordinates.
VI. Tracing of Sphere, Cone, Cylinder, Ellipsoid, Hyperboloid of one and two sheets, 10
Elliptic cone, Elliptic paraboloid, and Hyperbolic paraboloid using Cartesian
coordinates.
VII. Plotting of family of curves which are solutions of first order differential equation. 7
VIII. Plotting of family of curves which are solutions of second order differential 7
equation.
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all

Suggestions: The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the following training
programs: SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB /Python/ /Scilab/ etc. Experts from IIT’s, NITTTR, or
equivalent should be invited for the programs to ensure quality.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
 There should be a Computer Lab with minimum of 25 computer systems for 50 students with licensed
and Free Open Source softwares related to this course.
 At least one Computer Programmer / Computer Operator must be assigned in computer lab.

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B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-III) PAPER-I

ALGEBRA & MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: SECOND Semester: THIRD

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: ALGEBRA & MATHEMATICAL
Course Code: B030301T
METHODS
Course outcomes:
CO1: Group theory is one of the building blocks of modern algebra. Objective of this course is to
introduce students to basic concepts of Group theory, Ring theory and their properties.
CO2: Astudent learning this course gets a concept of Group, Ring, Integral Domain and their properties.
This course will lead the student to basic course in advanced mathematics particularly in Algebra.
CO3: Thecourse gives emphasis to enhance students’ knowledge of functions of two variables, Laplace
Transforms, Fourier Transforms and series.
CO4: On successful completion of the course students would have acquire knowledge about higher
different mathematical methods and will help him/her in going for higher studies and research.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Introduction to “Indian Ancient Mathematics and Mathematicians” should
be included under Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE).
Part I
ALGEBRA
I Equivalence relations and partitions, Congruence modulo n, Definition of a 9
group with examples and simple properties, Subgroups, Generators of a group,
Cyclic groups.

II Permutation groups, Even and odd permutations, The alternating group,

Cayley’s theorem, Coset decomposition, Lagrange’s theorem and its 7
consequences, Fermat and Euler theorems.

III Normal subgroups, Quotient groups, Homomorphism and isomorphism, 7

Fundamental theorem of homomorphism.

IV Rings, Subrings, Integral domains and fields, subfield, Characteristic of a ring, 7

Ideal and quotient rings. Ring homomorphism.

Part II

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MATHEMATICAL METHODS
V Limit and Continuity of functions of two variables, Differentiation of function of 9
two variables, Necessary and sufficient condition for differentiability of functions
of two variables, Taylor's theorem for functions of two variables with examples,
Maxima and minima for functions of two variables, Lagrange multiplier method,
Jacobians.
VI Laplace transform, Existence theorem for Laplace Transform, Linearity of 7
Laplace transform and their properties, Laplace transform of the derivatives and
integrals of a function, Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties,
Convolution theorem. Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations using Laplace
Transform".
VII Fourier series, Fourier expansion of piecewise monotonic functions, Half and 7
full range expansions, Fourier transforms (finite and infinite).

VIII Calculus of variations-Variational problems with fixed boundaries- Euler's 7

equation for functionals containing first order derivative and one independent
variable, Extremals, Functionals dependent on higher order derivatives.

Suggested Readings (Part-I Algebra):

1. J.B. Fraleigh, A first course in Abstract Algebra, Narosa Publishing House
2. Joseph. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, Cengage Learning India Private Limited,
Delhi., Fourth impression, 2015.
3. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, John Wiley & Sons
4. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggested Readings (Part-II Mathematical Methods):
1. T.M. Apostal, Mathematical Analysis, Pearson
2. G. F. Simmons, Differential Equations with Application and Historical Notes, Tata -
McGrawHill
3. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5
Course prerequisites:
To study this course, a student must have Certificate in Applied Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences

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2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),

https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 14
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-III) PAPER-II

PRACTICAL

Programme: B.Sc. Year: SECOND Semester: THIRD

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030302P Course Title: PRACTICAL
Course outcomes:
CO1: The objective of the course is to familiarize the students to use mathematical softwares such as
SageMath/ Mathematica / MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R Programming/C programming etc.
CO2: After completion of course, students would beable to visualizeimportant properties related to Group
and Cyclic group.
CO3: Thecourse will enable the students to solve problems of continuity and differentiability of function
of two variables, Maxima and Minima, Laplace transforms and inverse Laplace transforms.
CO4: Students would be able to approximate the expansion of the function of two variables by Taylor’s
Theorem and plot the outputs.

Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
 Practical / Lab work to be performed in Computer Lab. 60
 List of the practicals to be done using SageMath/Mathematica/
MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R programming/ C programming etc.
I. i. Calculation of Addition modulo n and Multiplication modulo n. 9
ii. Finding elements of ring of integers Z(n), Inverse of each element in
Z(n) and order of elements in Z(n).
iii. Construction of Cayley tables for Z(n) w.r.to addition modulo n and
multiplication modulo n.

II. i. Finding the elements of symmetric group S(n), construction of Cayley 9

table for S(n), for given n (e.g., n = 12, 15, and 30)
ii. Cyclic subgroups of S(n), generated by each element in S(n),
Subgroups and normal subgroups of S(n) with generators.
III. Draw the given surfaces and find level curves at the given heights (e.g. 7
f (x, y) = x2 + y2; z = 1, z = 6, z = 9).
IV. Draw the given surface and discuss whether limit exits or not as (x, y) 7
approaches to the given points. Find the limit, if it exists.

V. i. Draw the tangent plane to the given surfaces at the given point (e.g., 7
f (x, y) = 10 - x2 - y2 at (2,2,2)).
ii. Find critical points and identify relative maxima, relative minima or
saddle points to the given surfaces, if it exists (e.g. z = x2 + y2).

VI. Visualization by creating graphs: Taylor’s polynomials – approximated 7

up to certain degrees.

VII. Finding the Laplace transform of the given functions. Expand the given 7
function into partial fractions.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

VIII. Finding the inverse Laplace transform of the given functions. 7

Suggestions:
The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the following training programs :
SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB /Python/ /Scilab/ etc. Experts from IIT’s, NITTTR, or equivalent
should be invited for the programs to ensure quality.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
 There should be a Computer Lab with minimum of 25 computer systems for 50 students with
licensed and Free Open Source softwares related to this course.
 At least one Computer Programmer / Computer Operator must be assigned in computer lab.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 16
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-IV) PAPER-I

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & MECHANICS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: SECOND Semester: FOURTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS &
Course Code: B030401T MECHANICS
Course outcomes:
CO1: The objective of this course is to familiarize the students with various methods of solving
differential equations, partial differential equations of first order and second order and to have qualitative
applications.
CO2: A student doing this course is able to solve differential equations and is able to model problems in
nature using ordinary differential equations. After completing this course, a student will be able to take
more courses on wave equation, heat equation, diffusion equation, gas dynamics, non-linear evolution
equation etc. These entire courses are important in engineering and industrial applications for solving
boundary value problems.
CO3: Theobject of the course is to givestudents knowledge of basic mechanics such as simple harmonic
motion, motion under other laws and forces.
CO4: The student, after completing the course can go for higher quality problems in mechanics such as
hydrodynamics. This will be helpful in getting employment in industry.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part I
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

I Second order linear differential equations with variable coefficients: Use of a 9

known solution to find another, normal form, method of variation of parameters.
Series solutions of differential equations.

II Bessel and Legendre Functions with their properties, Recurrence and Generating 7
Relations.

III Origin of partial differential equations. Partial differential equations of the first 7
order and degree one, Lagrange's solution, Partial differential equation of first
order and degree greater than one, Charpit's method of solution.

IV Origin of second order PDE, Solution of partial differential equations of the second 7
and higher order with constant coefficients, Classification of linear partial
differential equations of second order, Solution of second order partial differential
equations with variable coefficients.

Part II

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

MECHANICS
V Frame of reference, Forces in three dimensions, Poinsot's central axis, Wrenches, 9
Null lines and Null planes.

VI Virtual work, Stableand Unstable equilibrium, Catenary of uniformstrength 7

VII Velocities and accelerations along radial and transverse directions, and along 7
tangential and normal directions, Simple Harmonic motion, Elastic strings,
Motion in resisting medium.

VIII Motion of particle of varying mass, Rocket motion, Central orbit, Kepler's laws 7
of motion, Motion of particle in threedimensions.

Suggested Readings (Part-I Differential Equations):

1. G.F. Simmons, Differential Equations with Application and Historical Notes, Tata–McGraw-
Hill
2. B. Rai, D.P. Choudhary & H. J. Freedman, A Course of Ordinary Differential Equations,
Narosa
3. Ian N. Snedden, Elements of Partial Differential Equations, Dover Publication
4. L.E. Elsgolts, Differential Equation and Calculus of variations, University Press of the Pacific.
5. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggested Readings (Part-II Mechanics):
1. R.C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics-Statics, Pearson.
2. R.C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics-Dynamics, Prentice Hall Publication
3. A. Nelson, Engineering Mechanics Statics and Dynamics, Tata McGraw Hill
4. J.L. Synge & B.A. Griffith, Principles of Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill
5. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)

This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

UG MATHEMATICS Page 18
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Course prerequisites:
To study this course, a student must have Certificate in Applied Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 19
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. II (SEMESTER-IV) PAPER-II

PRACTICAL

Programme: B.Sc. Year: SECOND Semester: FOURTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030402P Course Title: PRACTICAL
Course outcomes:
CO1: The objective of the course is to familiarize the students to use mathematical softwares such as
SageMath/ Mathematica / MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R programming/C programming etc.
CO2: This course will enable the students to visualize the solution of first order partial differential
equation.
CO3: After completion of course, students will becapable of solving second order ordinary differential
equation such as Legendre and Bessel differential equation.
CO4: This course will enable the students to visualize the solution related to the problems of
Kinematics, SHM, Resisting medium and Central orbit.

Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
 Practical / Lab work to be performed in Computer Lab. 60
 List of the practicals to be done using SageMath/Mathematica/
MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R programming/ C programming etc.
I. i. Solution of Cauchy problem for first order PDE. 9
ii. Plotting the characteristics for the first order PDE.
II. Plot the integral surfaces of a given first order PDE with initial data 7

III. Plotting of Legendre polynomial for n = 1 to 5 in the interval [0, 1]. Verifying 7
graphically that all the roots of Pn (x) lie in the interval [0, 1].

IV. Plotting of the Bessel’s function of first kind of order 0 to 3. 7

V. (i) Automatic computation of coefficients in the series solution near 9
ordinary points
(ii) Automating the Frobenius Series Method.
VI. Find the Solution of SHM and plot the solution. 7
VII. Find the orbit of a particle under the influence of different central forces. 7
VIII Find the trajectory of a particle moving in a resistance media when its 7
resistance varies with different power of velocity of particle.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 20
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggestions:
The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the following training programs:
SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB /Python/ /Scilab/ etc. Experts from IIT’s, NITTTR, or equivalent
should be invited for the programs to ensure quality.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
 There should be a Computer Lab with minimum of 25 computer systems for 50 students with
licensed and Free Open Source softwares related to this course.
 At least one Computer Programmer / Computer Operator must be assigned in computer
lab.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 21
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-I

GROUP, RING THEORY & LINEAR ALGEBRA

Programme: B.Sc. Year: THIRD Semester: FIFTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: GROUP, RING THEORY &
Course Code: B030501T
LINEAR ALGEBRA
Course outcomes:
CO1: Objective of this course is to sustain the students in Abstract Algebra of almost Advanced Level.
CO2: Liner algebra is a basic course in almost all branches of science. The objective of this course is to
introduce a student to the basics of linear algebra and some of its applications.
CO3: After successful completion of course, students will enable themselves to knowledge of Orthogonal
set, Orthonormal set and Bilinear and Quadratic forms.
CO4: Student will use this knowledge in computer science, finance mathematics, industrial mathematics
and Bio mathematics. After completion of this coursestudents will appreciate its interdisciplinary nature.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Assignment on “Indian Ancient Mathematics and Mathematicians” should
be included under Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE).
Part I
GROUP AND RING THEORY
I Automorphism, inner automorphism, Automorphism groups, Automorphism 6
groups of finite and infinite cyclic groups, Commutator subgroup and its
properties.

II Conjugacy classes, The class equation, Normalizer and center of Group. 6

III Polynomial rings over commutative rings, Division algorithm, Principal ideal 9
domains, Factorization of polynomials, Reducibility tests, Eisenstein criterion,
Uniquefactorization in Z[x].

IV Divisibility in integral domains, Irreducible, Primes, Unique factorization 9

domains, Euclidean domains.

Part II

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

LINEAR ALGEBRA
V Vector spaces, Subspaces, Linear independence and dependence of vectors, Basis 9
and Dimension, Linear sum and Direct sum of two subspaces, Quotient
space.
VI Linear transformations, The Algebra of linear transformations, Rank Nullity 9
theorem, their representation as matrices.

VII Linear functionals, Dual space, Dual Basis and Dimension. 7

VIII Bilinear and Quadratic forms. 5

Suggested Readings (Part I: Group and Ring Theory)

1. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley
2. Joseph. A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, Cengage Learning India Private Limited,
Delhi., Fourth impression, 2015.
3. David S. Dummit, & Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra (3rd ed.) (2016), Student Edition. Wiley
India.
4. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggested Readings (Part II: Linear Algebra)

1. K. Hoffman and R. Kunze, Linear Algebra (2nd ed.), Prentice-Hall of India.
2. Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Cengage Learning, 2018.
3. Stephen H. Friedberg, Arnold J. Insel, & Lawrence E. Spence (2003). Linear Algebra (4th ed.).
Pearson.
4. Serge Lang, Linear Algebra (3rd ed.) (1987), Springer
5. S. Kumaresan, Linear Algebra- A Geometric Approach, Prentice Hall of India, 1999
6. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:

 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:
Statistics, Physics, Computer Sc. / App Chem., Bio-Chem, Geography, Economics, Defence &
Strategic Studies, BCA, BBA, B. Tech (Engg / Tech).

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5
Course prerequisites:

UG MATHEMATICS Page 23
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

To study this course, a student must have Diploma in Mathematics.

Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-II (i)

UG MATHEMATICS Page 24
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

NUMBER THEORY & GAME THEORY

Programme: B.Sc. Year: THIRD Semester: FIFTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030502T Course Title: NUMBER THEORY & GAME THEORY
Course outcomes:
CO1: Upon successful completion, students will have the knowledge and skills to solve problemsin
elementary number theory and also apply elementary number theory to cryptography.
CO2: This course provides an introduction to Game Theory. Game Theory is a mathematical framework
which makes possible the analysis of the decision-making process of interdependent subjects. It is aimed
at explaining and predicting how individuals behave in a specific strategic situation, and therefore help
improve decision making.
CO3: A situation is strategic if the outcome of a decision problem depends on the choices of more than
one person. Most decision problems in real life are strategic.
CO4: Students areable to use concepts of Game Theory in Real-World problems and Case-Studies.
Credits: 6 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 6-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part I

NUMBER THEORY
I Theory of Numbers 8
Divisibility, gcd, lcm, primes, Euclidean algorithm, Fundamental theorem of
arithmetic, Congruences and their properties, Residue systems, solutions of
linear congruences, Chinese remainder theorem, Fermat’s Little theorem,
Wilson’s theorem, Fermat’s quotients and their elementary consequences.

II Arithmetic functions 𝜙(𝑛), 𝜇(n), 𝑟(n), 𝜎(𝑛), their multiplicative property and 7
evaluation, Mobius inversion formula and applications, Euler’s theorem, Euler’s
phi-function and their properties

III Congruence modulo powers of prime, primitive roots and their existence, 7
quadratic residues, Legendre symbols, Gauss’s lemma about Legendre
symbol, Law of quadratic reciprocity.

IV Diophantine Equations 8
Solutions of ax + by = c, xn + 𝑦n = 𝑧n; properties of Pythagorean triples; sums of
two and four squares; assorted examples of Diophantine equations.

Part II
GAME THEORY

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

V Introduction, uses of game theory, some applications and examples, payoffs, 8

mixed strategies, pure strategy, Nash equilibrium, Characteristic of game theory

VI Two- person zero-sum game, Pure and Mixed strategies, Saddle point and its 8
existence.

VII Fundamental Theorem of Rectangular games, Concept of Dominance, 7

Dominance and Graphical method of solving rectangular games.

VIII Relationship between rectangular game and Linear Programming Problem, Method 7
of oddments for thesolution of 2× 2 game and solution of 3×3 game without saddle
point, reduction of mx n gameand solution of 2x2, 2 x s, and r x 2cases by graphical
method.

Suggested Readings (Part-I Number Theory):

1. I. Niven, H. S. Zuckerman, and H. L. Montgomery, (2003) An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers
(6th edition) John Wiley and sons, Inc., NewYork.
2. D. M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory (4th edition) (2002), McGraw-Hill.
3. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggested Readings (Part-II Discrete Mathematics):

4. Martin Osborne, An Introduction to Game Theory, Oxford University Press, 2003
5. Vijay Krishna, Game Theory, Academic Press.
6. Prajit Dutta, Strategies and Games, MIT Press,
http://www.ece.stevens-tech.edu/~ccomanic/ee800c.html
7. Allan MacKenzie, Game Theory for Wireless Engineers, Synthesis lectures on
Communications, 2006
8. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
9. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
10.SWAYAM
11.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
12.Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
13.National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:
Statistics, Physics, Computer Sc. / App Chem., Bio-Chem, Geography, Economics, Defence& Strategic
Studies, BCA, BBA, B. Tech (Engg / Tech).

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks

UG MATHEMATICS Page 26
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have Diploma in Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related course
through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 27
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-II (ii)

GRAPH THEORY & DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
Programme: B.Sc.
Year: THIRD Semester: FIFTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: GRAPH THEORY &
Course Code: B030503T
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
Course outcomes:
CO1: Upon successful completion, students will have the knowledge of various types of graphs, their
terminology and applications.
CO2: After Successful completion of this course students will be able to understand the isomorphismand
homomorphism of graphs. This course covers the basic concepts of graphs used in computer science and
other disciplines. The topics include path, circuits, adjacency matrix, tree, coloring. After successful
completion of this course the student will have the knowledge of graph coloring, color problem, vertex
coloring.
CO3: After successful completion, students will have the knowledge of Logic gates, Karnaugh maps and
skills to proof by using truth tables. After Successful completion of this course students will be able to apply
the basics of the automation theory, transition function and table.
CO4: This course covers the basic concepts of discrete mathematics used in computer science and other
disciplines that involve formal reasoning. The topics include logic, counting, relations, Hasse diagram and
Boolean algebra. After successful completion of this course the student will have the knowledge in
Mathematical reasoning, combinatorial analysis, discrete structures and Applications.

Credits: 6 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 6-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part I
GRAPH THEORY
I Introduction to graphs, basic properties of graphs, Simple graph, multi graph, 8
graph terminology, representation of graphs, Walk, Path and circuit, Bipartite,
regular, planar and connected graphs, unicursal graph, Directed graph, unilateral
connected graphs.

II Isomorphism of graphs, Components in a graph, Eulerian paths and circuits, 8

Hamiltonian path and circuits.

III Operation of graphs, Adjacency matrix, Weighted graph, shortest path, Dijkstra’s 7
algorithm.

IV Tree, Binary and Spanning trees, Graph (Vertex) colouring, chromatic number, 7
Color problems, and important properties.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 28
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Part II
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
V Propositional Logic- Proposition, logical connectives, truth tables, tautologies, 8
contradiction, normal forms (conjunctive and disjunctive), modus ponens and modus
tollens, validity, proof by implication, converse, inverse contrapositive, contradiction,
direct proof by using truth table, predicate logic, universal and existential
quantification.

VI Relation- Definition, types of relation, domain and range of a relation, pictorial 8

representation of relation, properties of relation, partial ordering relation.
Lattices: Lattices as partially ordered sets, Lattices as algebraic systems, Properties of
lattices, Sublattice, Direct product, complete lattice, bounded lattice, complemented
lattice, distributive lattice.
Boolean Algebra- Basic definitions, Sum of products and products of sums, Logic
gates and Karnaugh maps.

VII Combinatorics- Recurrence relations (nth order recurrence relation with constant 7
coefficients, Homogeneous recurrence relations, Inhomogeneousrecurrence
relations), Generating function (closed form expression,properties of G.F., solution
of recurrence relations using G.F. solution ofcombinatorial problem using G.F.).
VIII Finite Automata- Basic concepts of automata theory, Deterministic Finite Automation 7
(DFA), transition function, transition table, Non-Deterministic Finite Automata
(NDFA), Minimization of finite automata.

Suggested Readings (Part-I Graph Theory):

1. Narsingh Deo, Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science,
Prentice Hall of India.
2. Douglas B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, Prentice Hall.
3. Santanu Saha Ray, Graph Theory with Algorithms and Its Applications: In Applied Science
and Technology, Springer.
4. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggested Readings (Part-II Discrete Mathematics):

5. C. L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics (2nd Edition), McGraw-Hill.
6. J. P. Tremblay and R. Manohar, Discrete Mathematical Structures with applications to Computer
Science, Tata McGraw-Hill
7. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, McGraw-Hill.
8.Alan Tucker, Applied Combinatorics (5th Edition), Wiley
9. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
10. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
11. SWAYAM
12. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
13. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
14. National Digital Library of India (NDLI)

UG MATHEMATICS Page 29
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:

Statistics, Physics, Computer Sc. / App Chem., Bio-Chem, Geography, Economics, Defence& Strategic
Studies, BCA, BBA, B. Tech (Engg / Tech).
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have Diploma in Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
6. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
7. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
8. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
9. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
10. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related course
through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 30
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-II (iii)

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY & TENSOR ANALYSIS

Programme: B.Sc..
Year: THIRD Semester: FIFTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: DIFFERENTIAL
Course Code: B030504T GEOMETRY &
TENSOR ANALYSIS
Course outcomes:
CO1: After Successful completion of this course, students should be able to determine and calculate
curvature of curves in different titles of Space.
CO2: This course covers the Local theory of Curves, Local theory of surfaces, Geodesics, Geodesics
curvature, Geodesic polars, Curvature of curves on surfaces, Gaussian curvature, Normal curvature etc.
CO3: After Successful completion of this course, students should have the knowledge of tensor algebra,
different types of tensors, Riemannian space, Ricci tensor etc.
CO4: This course enables students to make basic platformfor higher studies and research in Geometry of
different type.

Credits: 6 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS
norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 6-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part- I
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY
I Local theory of curves-Space curves, Examples, Plane Curves, tangent and 8
normal and binormal, Osculating Plane, normal plane and rectifying plane,
osculating circle, osculating sphere Helices, Serret-Frenet apparatus, contact
between curve and surfaces, tangent surfaces.

II Local Theory of Surfaces- Family of surfaces (one parameter), ruled surfaces, 8

skew ruled surfaces and developable surfaces, surfaces of revolution, Helicoids.
III Metric-first fundamental form and arc length, families of curves, geodesics, 7
canonical geodesic equations, normal properties of geodesics, geodesics
curvature.

IV Gauss-Bonnet theorem, curvature of curves on surfaces, Gaussian curvature, 7

normal curvature, Meusneir’s theorem, mean curvature, umbilic points, linesof
curvature, Rodrigue’s formula, Euler’s theorem.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Part-II
TENSOR ANALYSIS
V Tensor algebra: Vector spaces, the dual spaces, tensor product of vector spaces, 8
transformation formulae, Symmetric and skew-symmetric tensors, associated
tensor with examples.

VI Tensor Analysis: Contravariant and covariant vectors and tensors, Mixed tensors, 7
Kronecker delta and its properties, Algebra of tensors, Contraction and inner
product, Quotient theorem, Reciprocal tensors, Christoffel’s symbols, Law of
transformation of Christoffel’s symbols, Covariant differentiation.

VII Gradient of scalars, Divergence of a contravariant vector, covariant vector and 7

conservative vectors, Laplacian of an invariant, curl of a covariant vector,
irrotational vector.

VIII Riemannian space, Riemannian curvatures and their properties, Ricci tensor. 8

Suggested Readings (Part-I Differential Geometry):

1. T.J. Willmore, An Introduction to Differential Geometry, Dover Publications, 2012.
2. B. O’Neill, Elementary Differential Geometry, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, 2006.
3. C.E. Weatherburn, Differential Geometry of Three Dimensions, Cambridge University Press
2003.
4. D.J. Struik, Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry, Dover Publications, 1988.
5. S. Lang, Fundamentals of Differential Geometry, Springer, 1999.
6. B. Spain, Tensor Calculus: AConcise Course, Dover Publications, 2003.
7. L. P. Eisenhart,An Introduction to Differential Geometry (with the use of tensor Calculus),
Princeton University Press, 1940.
8. I. S. Sokolnikoff, Tensor Analysis, Theory and Applications to Geometry and Mechanics
of Continua, 2ndEdition, John Wiley and Sons.,1964.
9. Q. Khan, Tensor Calculus & Differential Geometry and their Applications, Misha Books, Delhi
10. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggested Readings (Part-II Tensor Analysis):
1. Tensors- Mathematics of Differential Geometry by Z. Ahsan, PHI,2015
2. David C. Kay, Tensor Analysis, Schaum's Outline Series, McGraw Hill 1988.
3. R. S, Mishra, A Course in Tensors with Applications to Reimannian Geometry, Pothishala Pvt.
Ltd, Allahabad.
4. Q. Khan, Tensor Calculus & Differential Geometry and their Applications, Misha Books, Delhi
5. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:
 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)

UG MATHEMATICS Page 32
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:

Statistics, Physics, Computer Sc. / App Chem., Bio-Chem, Geography, Economics, Defence
&Strategic Studies, BCA, BBA, B.Tech(Engg / Tech).

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max.
Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have Diploma in Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.

Any remarks/ suggestions:

The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 33
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-V) PAPER-III

PRACTICAL
Programme: B.Sc. Year: THIRD Semester: FIFTH
Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030505P Course Title: PRACTICAL
Course outcomes: This course will enablethe students to:
CO1: Visualize the basic concepts of vector spaces and their properties.
CO2: Employ the row echelon form in a number of applications to solve numerical problems.
CO3: Familiarize the students with suitable tools of mathematical software to handle issues and
problems in Linear Algebra, Group and Rings.
CO4: Represent the outputs of programs visually in terms of well formatted text and plots.

Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
 Practical / Lab work to be performed in Computer Lab. 60
 List of the practicals to be done using SageMath/Mathematica/
MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R programming / C programming etc.
I. i. Check whether Z(n), Z[x], Z/Z(n) are integral domains. 8
ii. Check whether Z(n), Z[x], Z/Z(n) are fields.
iii. Check whether a subset of a ring is a subring of the ring.

II. i. Finding zero element and unity element (if exists) of a ring. 10
ii Finding the list of element of multiplicative group of Z(p)-{0}, . Also
find multiplicative inverse of the elements in that list.
iii Check whether multiplicative group of Z(p)-{0} is cyclic, if so, find
multiplicative generator.

III. Finding characteristic of rings Z(n), Q, Z. 2

IV. i. Represent a vector as an n-tupe 7

ii. Find vector addition and scalar multiplication of n tuples.
iii. Find vector addition and scalar multiplication of matrices
iv. Write linear combination of vectors
v. Find linear span of a set of vectors
V. Find basis and dimension of a vector space. 8

VI. Check whether a given set of vectors is linearly independent or linearly 3

dependent.

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR
VII. i. Find bases of kernel and range space of a linear 12
transformation.
ii. Verify Rank and Nullity Theorem for a linear transformation
on a finite dimensional vector space.
iii. Check whether a linear transformation is injective/surjective
and hence check whether the linear transformation is an
isomorphism.
iv. Find the inverse of a bijective linear transformation.
v. Find the pre-image of an element of range space of a linear
transformation
VIII. i. Find matrix representation of a linear transformation and check whether 10
the linear transformation is invertible by using its matrix
representation.
ii. Find matrix representations of addition and composition of two linear
operators on the same vector space.
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggestions:
The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the following training programs:
SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB /Python/ /Scilab/ etc. Experts from IIT’s, NITTTR, or equivalent
should be invited for the programs to ensure quality.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
 There should be a Computer Lab with minimum of 25 computer systems for 50 students with
licensed and Free Open Source softwares related to this course.
 At least one Computer Programmer / Computer Operator must be assigned in computer
lab.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 35
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-VI) PAPER-I

METRIC SPACES & COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Programme: B.Sc. Year: THIRD Semester: SIXTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: METRIC SPACES & COMPLEX
Course Code: B030601T ANALYSIS
Course outcomes:
CO1: The course is aimed at exposing the students to foundations of analysis which will be useful in
understanding various physical phenomena and gives the student the foundation in mathematics.
CO2: After completion of this course the student will have rigorous and deeper understanding of
fundamental concepts in Mathematics. This will be helpful to the student in understanding pure
mathematics and in research.
CO3: Students will be able to know the concepts of metric space, basic concepts and developments of
complex analysis which will prepare the students to take up further applications in the relevant fields.
CO4: The course enables the students the basics of analytic function and contour integration for further
application in higher studies.
Credits: 6 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 6-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part I
METRIC SPACES
I Basic Concepts 8
Metric spaces: Definition and examples, Sequences in metric spaces, Cauchy
sequences, Complete metric space.

II Topology of Metric Spaces 8

Open and closed ball, Neighbourhood, Open set, Interior of a set, limit point of a
set, derived set, closed set, closure of a set, diameter of a set, Cantor’s theorem,
Subspaces, Dense set.

III Continuity & Uniform Continuity in Metric Spaces 7

Continuous mappings, Sequential criterion and other characterizations of
continuity, Uniform continuity, Homeomorphism, Contraction mapping, Banach
fixed point theorem.

IV Connectedness and Compactness 7

Connectedness, Connectedness and continuous mappings, Compactness,
Compactness and boundedness, Continuous functions on compact spaces.

Part II

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COMPLEX ANALYSIS
V Analytic Functions and Cauchy-Riemann Equations 8
Functions of complex variable, Mappings; Mappings by the exponential function,
Limits, Theorems on limits, Limits involving the point at infinity, Continuity,
Derivatives, Differentiation formulae, Analytic functions and their examples,
Cauchy-Riemann equations, Sufficient conditions for Analyticity.

VI Elementary Functions and Integrals 8

Exponential function, Logarithmic function, Branches and derivatives of
logarithms, Trigonometric function, Derivatives of functions, Definite integrals
of functions, Contours, Contour integrals and its examples, Upper bounds for
moduli of contour integrals.
VII Cauchy’s Theorems and Fundamental Theorem of Algebra 7
Antiderivatives, Proof of antiderivative theorem, Cauchy-Goursat theorem,
Cauchy integral formula; An extension of Cauchy integral formula,
Consequences of Cauchy integral formula, Liouville’s theorem and the
fundamental theorem of algebra.
VIII Series and Residues 7
Convergence of sequences and series, Taylor series and its examples; Laurent
series and its examples, Absolute and uniform convergence of power series,
Uniqueness of series representations of power series, Isolated singular points,
Types of isolated singular points, Residues, Residues at poles and its examples,
Residue at infinity, Cauchy’s residue theorem.

Suggested Readings (Part-I Metric Space):

1. Shanti Narayan, A Course of Mathematical Analysis, S. Chand Publication.
2. Satish Shirali and H. L Vasudeva. Metric Spaces, (2009), Springer, First Indian Print.
3. S. Kumaresan. Topology of Metric Spaces (2nd ed.), (2014). Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi.
4. G. F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis (2004), Tata McGraw Hill. New
Delhi
5. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggested Readings (Part-II Complex Analysis):

1. Shanti Narayan, Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, S. Chand Publications
2. J.W. Brown and R.V. Churchill Complex variables and Applications, McGraw-Hill Higher
Education.
3. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:

 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:
Statistics, Physics, Computer Sc. / App Chem., Bio-Chem, Geography, Economics, Defence &
Strategic Studies, BCA, BBA, B. Tech (Engg. / Tech).

UG MATHEMATICS Page 37
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max Marks: 25)

S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have Diploma in Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 38
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-VI) PAPER-II

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Programme: B.Sc. Year: THIRD Semester: SIXTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Title: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS &
Course Code: B030602T OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Course outcomes:
CO1: The aim of this course is to teach the students the application of various numerical technique for
variety of problems occurring in daily life. At the end of thecourse, the student will be able to understand
thebasic concepts of Numerical Analysis and to solve algebraic and differential equation.
CO2: The main outcome will be that students will be able to handle problems and finding approximated
solution. Later (s)he can opt for advance course in Numerical Analysis in higher Mathematics.
CO3: The student will be able to solve various problems based on convex sets and linear programming.
After successful completion of this paper will enable the students to apply the basic concepts of
transportation problems and its related problems to apply in further concepts and application of operation
research.
CO4: After successful completion of this course students have basic knowledge of Numerical Analysis
and Operations Research for higher study and Research.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+50 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part I
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

I Solution of equations: Bisection, Regula-Falsi, Secant, Newton-Raphson’s 8

method, Newton’s method for multiple roots, Interpolation, Lagrange
interpolation, Difference schemes, Divided differences, Interpolation formula
using differences.

II Numerical differentiation, Numerical Quadrature: Newton-Cotes Formulas, 8

Gaussian Quadrature Formulas,
System of Linear equations: Direct method for solving systems of linear
equations (Gauss elimination, LU Decomposition), Iterative methods (Jacobi,
Gauss Seidel).

III The Algebraic Eigen value problem: Power method, Jacobi’s method, Given’s 7
method.
Numerical solution of Ordinary differential equations: Single step methods:
Euler method, Runge-Kutta method, multi-step method: Milne-Simpson method.

IV Types of approximation: Least Square polynomial approximation, Chebyshev 7

polynomial approximation.
Numerical solution of Difference Equations: Shooting method and Difference
equation method for solving elementary Linear second order differential equation.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 39
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Part II
OPERATIONS RESEARCH

V Introduction, Linear programming problems, statement and formation of general 8

linear programming problems, graphical method, slack and surplus variables,
standardand matrix forms of linear programming problem, basic feasible solution.

VI Convex sets, fundamental theorem of linear programming, basic solution, Simplex 8

method, introduction to artificial variables, two phase method Big-M method and
their comparison.

VII Resolution of degeneracy, duality in linear programming problems, primal 7

dual relationships, revised simplex method, sensitivity analysis.

VIII Transportation problems, Assignment problems. 7

Suggested Readings (Part-I Numerical Analysis):

1. M. K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar & R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Engineering and scientific
computation
2. S. S. Sastry, Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis
3. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggested Readings (Part-II Operation Research):

1. Taha, Hamdy H, Operations Research- An Introduction, Pearson Education.
2. Kanti Swarup , P. K. Gupta , Man Mohan Operations research, Sultan Chand & Sons
3. Hillier Frederick S and Lieberman Gerald J., Operations Research, McGraw Hill Publication.
4. Winston Wayne L., Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms, Cengage Learning, 4th
Edition.
5. Hira D.S. and Gupta Prem Kumar, “Problems in Operations Research: Principles and Solutions”, S
Chand & Co Ltd.
6. Kalavathy S., Operations Research, S. Chand.
7. Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities.

Suggestive Digital Platforms/ Web Links:

 National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
 SWAYAM
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Open Learning
 Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library (UPHEDL)
 National Digital Library of India (NDLI)
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:
Statistics, Physics, Computer Sc. / App Chem., Bio-Chem, Geography, Economics, Defence &
Strategic Studies, BCA, BBA, B. Tech (Eng./ Tech).
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods (Max. Marks: 25)
S.No. Assessment Type Max. Marks
1 Class Tests 10
2 Assignment 10
3 Attendance 5

UG MATHEMATICS Page 40
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have Diploma in Mathematics.
Suggested equivalent online courses:
1. Swayam - https://www.swayam.gov.in/explorer?category=Math_and_Sciences
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://nptel.ac.in/course.html
3. MIT Open Course Ware - Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/
4. Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/courses?query=mathematics
5. edX, https://www.edx.org/course/subject/math
Further Suggestions:
Students and Faculty should be updated themselves by current knowledge of subjects and related
course through digital resources, Journals and textbooks.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
The course content can be modified by BOS successively catering to local need of University and
Students.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 41
 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

B.Sc. III (SEMESTER-VI) PAPER-III

PRACTICAL

Programme: B.Sc. Year: THIRD Semester: SIXTH

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Course Code: B030603P Course Title: PRACTICAL
Course outcomes:
The main objective of the course is to equip the student to solve the transcendental and algebraic
equations, system of linear equations, Interpolation, Numerical Integration, method of finding
Eigenvalue by Power method, ordinary differential equations, ordinary difference equations and
Linear Programming Problem.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25 Min. Passing Marks: As per UGC/ University CBCS norm.
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
 Practical / Lab work to be performed in Computer Lab. 60
 List of the practicals to be done using SageMath/Mathematica/
MATLAB /Maple /Scilab/ R programming / C programming etc.
I. Solution of transcendental and algebraic equations by 8
i. Bisection method
ii. Regula Falsi method
iii. Secant method
iv. Newton Raphson method
II. 8
Solution of system of linear equations by
i. LU decomposition method
ii. Gaussian elimination method
iii. Gauss-Jacobi method
iv. Gauss-Seidel method
III. 7
Interpolation by
i. Lagrange Interpolation
ii. Newton’s forward Interpolation
iii. Newton’s backward Interpolation
iv. Newton’s divided difference interpolations
IV. Numerical Integration by 7
i. Trapezoidal Rule
ii. Simpson’s one third rule
iii. Simpson’s three-eighth rule
iv. Weddle’s Rule
V. Complex numbers and their representations, Operations like 8
addition, Multiplication, Division, Modulus, Graphical
representation of polar formand Hyperbolic functions.
VI. Solution of ordinary differential equations by 8

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 SIDDHARTH UNIVERSITY, KAPILVASTU, SIDDHARTH NAGAR

i. Euler method
ii. Runge- Kutta method (order 4)
VII. Solution of ordinary difference equations by Shooting method. 7
VIII. Solution of Linear Programming Problem by Simplex method. 7
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects: Open to all
Suggestions:
The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the following training programs:
SageMath/Mathematica/MATLAB /Python/ /Scilab/ etc. Experts from IIT’s, NITTTR, or equivalent
should be invited for the programs to ensure quality.
Any remarks/ suggestions:
 There should be a Computer Lab with minimum of 25 computer systems for 50 students with
licensed and Free Open Source softwares related to this course.
 At least one Computer Programmer / Computer Operator must be assigned in computer
lab.

UG MATHEMATICS Page 43