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    Ancient 02

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    ravindars642004

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    Ancient 02

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    ravindars642004
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    Ancient 02

    Uploaded by

    ravindars642004

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    ANCIENT INDIA - 02

    INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION - i


    INDUS CIVILISATION (2600-1900 BC)
    Harappa - Discovered by Dayaram Sahni in 1921.
    Mohenjodaro(Mound of the Dead) - Discovered by RD Banerjee in 1922.
    It is belongs to the Bronze age
    one of the four earliest civilisations of the world.
    OTHER 3
    1.Mesopotamia -Tigris and Euphrates 2.Egypt - Nile 3.China - Hwang Ho
    PHASES
    ➢ Early Phase - 3500-2600 BC
    ➢ Middle (mature) Phase - 2600-1900 BC
    ➢ Later Phase - 1900-1400 BC
    DIFFERENT NAMES
    • Indus Valley Civilisation coined by John Marshall as it flourished along the Indus river.
    • Harappan Civilisation after the first discovered site, Harappa.
    • Saraswati-Sindhu Civilisation - most of the sites have been found along the Indus-Saraswati river
    GEOGRAPHICAL EXTEND
    Western most site - Sutkagendor on Makran coast of Baluchistan.
    Eastern most site - Alamgirpur in Uttar Pradesh.
    Northern most site - Manda in Jammu (River Chenab).
    Southern most site - Daimabad in Maharashtra (RiverPravara)
    TOWN PLANNING
    A unique feature - grid system i.e.streets cutting across one another
    at right angles, dividing the town into large rectangular blocks.
    2 PARTS OF TOWN
    ➢ Upper Part Or Citadel – on west-fortified-ruling class
    ➢ Lower Part – eastern side - common people
    Underground Drainage System
    • The Great Bath (Mohenjodaro) It was used for religious bathing.
    • The Granaries (Harappa) six granaries in a row were found in the
    citadel at Harappa.
    • Houses were made up of burntbricks.
    • They were often two or more storeyed, with a square courtyard.
    They had tiled bathrooms.
    • Street Lamp-posts were erected at regular intervals.
    AGRICULTURE
    • Backbone of the civilisation.
    • The soil was fertile due to inundation in the river Indus and flooding.
    • They used wooden ploughshare (World’s first ploughed field at
    Kalibangan) and stone sickles for harvesting.
    • Iron was not known to them.
    • Gabarbands or nalas - enclosed by dams for storing water were a
    feature in parts of Baluchistan.
    • Canal irrigation was absent.
    • Crops Produced wheat, barley, dates, peas, sesamum, mustard, millet, ragi, bajra and jowar.
    • At Lothal and Rangpur, rice husks were found.
    • Sugarcane was not known to Indus people.
    • They were First to Produce Cotton in thew orld, which Greek called as Sindon.
    • A fragment of woven cotton cloth was found at Mohenjodaro
    DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
    • They domesticated buffaloes, oxens, sheep, asses, goats, pigs, elephants, dogs, cats etc.
    • Remains of Horse were found at Surkotada and of rhinoceros at Amri.
    • Lion was not known to Indus people.
    • Cow was known to them but was not much important.
    TRADE
    • Agriculture, industry and forest produce provided the basis for internal and external trade.
    • Trade was based on barter system. Coins were not evident.
    • Bullock carts and boats were used for transportation.
    • Weights and measures were made of limestone, steatite etc. generally in cubical shape. They were in
    multiple of sixteen.
    • Decimal system was known to them.
    • Several sticks inscribed with measure marks have been discovered. It indicates that linear system of
    measurement was in use.
    • Foreign trade flourished with Mesopotamia or Sumeria (Iraq), Central Asia, Persia, Afghanistan and
    Bahrain.
    • Sumerian text refers to trade with Meluha(Indus).
    • Dilmun (Bahrain) and Makan (Makran coast) were two intermediate stations.
    Susa and Ur were mesopotamian sites where harappan seals were found.

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