Designation: C226 − 12

Standard Specification for

Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-
Entraining Hydraulic Cement1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement

1.1 This specification covers the requirements and methods Concrete
for establishing the suitability of a material for use as an C150 Specification for Portland Cement
air-entraining addition to be interground with the clinker in the C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
manufacture of air-entraining hydraulic cement conforming to Cement
Specifications C150, C595, and C1157. C175 Specification for Air-Entraining Portlant Cement; Re-
placed by C 150 (Withdrawn 1970)4
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
standard. Mortar
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- by Vicat Needle
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause Specimens in the Laboratory
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2) C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
Air-Permeability Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 crete by the Pressure Method
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates C293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin- Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)
drical Concrete Specimens C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of C596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Contain-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube ing Hydraulic Cement
Specimens) C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Rapid Freezing and Thawing
Cement C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the 2.2 ACI Standards:5
Turbidimeter ACI 211.1-77 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, tions for Normal and Heavyweight Concrete
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
3. Materials
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commitee C01 on Cement
3.1 Cements:
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions. 3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-
Current edition approved July 15, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally entraining addition be accepted for general use in portland
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C226 – 07. DOI: cement, tests shall be made on six lots of cement ground at
10.1520/C0226-12.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Vol 04.01.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI
the ASTM website. 48219.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 C226 − 12
cement plants, using commercial grinding equipment. From TABLE 1 Grading Requirements of Aggregates
each of three different samples of clinkers, two lots of cement Sieve Percentage Passing
shall be ground, representing respectively: a Type I portland Fine Aggregate
cement containing not less than 9 % tricalcium aluminate 4.75-mm (No. 4) 100
1.18-mm (No.16) 65 to 75
(C3A), calculated as specified in Table 1 of Specification C150 300-µm (No. 50) 15 to 20
and a Type II and a Type III portland cement all conforming to 150-µm (No. 100) 2 to 5
Specification C150. One lot, the “control” shall be ground Coarse Aggregate
25.0-mm (1-in.) 100
without the proposed air-entraining addition; the proposed 19.0-mm (3⁄4-in.) 75
addition shall be interground with the other lot, using the 12.5-mm (1⁄2-in.) 50
addition in such amounts as to produce the air/entrainment 9.5-mm (3⁄8-in.) 25
4.75-mm (No.4) 0
required in Specification C150. Not more than two of the three
clinkers shall be produced by or ground at the same mill.
3.1.2 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air- 3.3.1 The reference addition used in the concrete mixture
entraining addition be limited in use to specific types of cement specified in Section 8, from which specimens will be made for
in specific cement manufacturing plants, either or both less in tests for resistance to freezing and thawing as specified in
number than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test procedure shall 10.2.3, shall be any one of the four materials (Vinsol resin,
be as specified in 3.1.1, except that the number of cements to Darex, N-TAIR, or Airalon) that have been declared acceptable
be tested shall be limited to those under specific consideration. by ASTM under the former Specifications C175 – 48 T.
3.1.3 The two companion cements made from any one 3.3.2 The reference addition to be used will be designated
clinker shall be ground to the same fineness (within 5 m2/kg by the person or agency for whom the testing will be
when tested in accordance with Test Method C115) as mea- performed. If no reference addition is designated, the material
sured by the turbidimeter test (7.1.3) or (within 10 m2/kg when known commercially as “Vinsol resin” shall be used. The
tested in accordance with Test Method C204) as measured by Vinsol resin used shall be neutralized with 15 percent by mass
the air permeability apparatus, and the sulfur trioxide (SO3) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The air contents of the concrete
content expressed as a percentage of the cement weight and containing the reference addition and the concrete containing
reported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by no more than 0.3 the proposed addition shall agree within 0.5 percentage points.
for all types of cement. Each “control” cement shall comply 3.3.3 The reference addition, used as an admixture, is
with all of the requirements in the specification applicable to intended for use with control cements only in concrete for
that type of cement, and shall not contain the proposed addition freezing-and-thawing tests to establish the durability factor by
when tested by the method furnished by the producer or seller means of which the concretes containing the addition under test
of the addition. may be evaluated.
3.1.4 Determine percentage of each of the following con- 3.3.4 Preparation of Standard Reference Solutions:
stituents for each lot of cement tested: silicon dioxide (SiO2), 3.3.4.1 Place 50 g (total solids in the case of solution or
aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide pastes) of the designated reference addition in 500 mL of
(CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfur trioxide (SO3), igni- freshly distilled water in a 1000-mL flask and mix thoroughly
tion loss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and potas- until the solids are completely dissolved or the paste or solution
sium oxide (K2O). Calculate the potential percentages of the is uniformly diluted. After surface foam has been dissipated,
following phases: tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate dilute to 1000 mL and mix thoroughly.
(C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and tetracalcium alumino- 3.3.4.2 In the case of Vinsol resin, the neutralized solution
ferrite (C4AF). Determine the percentage of addition on the shall be made as follows: Dissolve 7.50 g of cp NaOH in 100
cements containing the addition using the method proposed by mL of distilled water. Add a few drops of this solution to 300
the maker or seller of the addition. to 350 mL of distilled water contained in a 600-mL beaker. Add
50.00 g of dry, unneutralized Vinsol resin in pulverized form to
3.2 Aggregates:
the beaker and stir until all of the resin is wetted and well
3.2.1 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests shall dispersed. Then add all of the NaOH solution to this suspension
conform to the requirements of Specification C33, except that and stir until all of the resin is in solution. Transfer to a
the grading of the aggregates shall conform to the requirements measuring flask, dilute to 1000 mL and mix thoroughly. From
given in Table 1. this stock standard solution prepare a dilute standard solution
3.2.2 The coarse aggregate shall be carefully separated on by diluting 100 mL of the stock solution to 1000 mL.
the 25.0-mm (1-in.), 19.0-mm (3⁄4-in.), 12.5-mm (1⁄2-in.),
9.5-mm (3⁄8-in.), and 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves, and then 4. General Requirements
recombined, using equal quantities by weight of each of the 4.1 Air-entraining additions shall conform to the respective
resulting four sizes. requirements prescribed in this specification.
3.2.3 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests of any
4.2 The trade name, source, and character of the material,
two companion cements (that is, a cement containing the
and means for the quantitative identification of the proposed
addition and the corresponding “control” cement) shall each
addition in the finished cement, shall be furnished by the maker
come from a single lot of such aggregate.
or seller of the addition, and that information shall form a part
3.3 Reference Addition: of the record of tests of the addition.

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 C226 − 12
4.3 Air-entraining additions shall be evaluated by testing 5.2 The quantity of sample shall be not less than 272 kg
cements ground with and without the additions. The cements (600 lb) for the cement containing the proposed addition and
ground without the additions shall be referred to in this for the corresponding control cement.
specification as “control” cements. 5.3 As the cement samples are secured, they shall be placed
4.4 An air-entraining addition under this specification, when in metal drums provided with gasket-fitted lids. The drums
interground with hydraulic cement, shall produce a cement that shall be tightly closed at the end of the sampling period. Prior
complies with the appropriate Specifications C150, C595, or to use, the samples of a given lot of cement shall be well
C1157 and when evaluated by the results of tests made blended to form a uniform, representative composite.
according to the procedures herein described, shall also comply
with the following requirements as to the effect of the addition 6. Test Methods
on the properties of the cement: 6.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specifica-
4.4.1 The time of setting of cement containing the addition tion in accordance with the methods prescribed in Sections
shall not vary from the time of setting of the respective 7-11.
“control” cement by more than 50 %.
4.4.2 The percentage autoclave expansion for cement con- 7. Tests on Cement
taining the addition shall not exceed the percentage autoclave
expansion for the corresponding“ control” cement by more 7.1 Test the cement samples in accordance with the follow-
than 0.1. ing methods:
4.4.3 The compressive strength of standard mortar cubes 7.1.1 Chemical Analysis of Cement—Test Methods C114.
made with cement containing the addition shall be not less than 7.1.2 Determination of Addition in the Finished Cement—
80 % of the compressive strength of similar cubes made with Determine the percentage of the addition in the finished cement
the corresponding “control” cement. by the method furnished by the manufacturer or seller of the
4.4.4 The percentage length change of air-stored mortar bars proposed addition. The method shall be adequate for the
made with cement containing the addition, based on an initial qualitative and quantitative determination of the addition in the
measurement at the age of 7 days, and expressed as a finished cement, and shall be fully described in the report of the
percentage change in length, shall be not more than 0.01 tests on the addition.
greater than that of similar mortar bars made with the corre- 7.1.3 Fineness of Cement—Test Method C115 or C204.
sponding “control” cement and similarly tested. 7.1.4 Normal Consistency—Test Method C187.
4.4.5 The percentage of air entrained in the concrete made 7.1.5 Time of Setting—Determine the time of setting with
with cement containing the addition shall exceed by at least 2.5 the Vicat needle, in accordance with Test Method C191.
the percentage air in similar concrete prepared with the 7.1.6 Autoclave Expansion—Test Method C151.
corresponding “control” cement. (See 3.1.1 for the limitation 7.1.7 Air Content of Mortar—Test Method C185.
of air-entraining properties of the “control” cement.) 7.1.8 Compressive Strength of Mortar—Test Method C109/
4.4.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made with C109M.
cement containing the addition shall be not less than 80 % of 7.1.9 Length Change of Mortar—For each lot of cement,
the compressive strength of similar concrete made with the determine the length change of mortar bars according to Test
corresponding “control” cement. Method C596 except, after demolding, cure the specimens in
4.4.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cement saturated lime water for 6 days (7 days total age) and measure
containing the addition shall be not less than 85 % of the the length of each specimen at 7 days of age. Then, place the
flexural strength of corresponding concrete made with the specimens in air storage for the remainder of the test period.
“control” cement. Obtain a length comparator reading for each specimen at 28
4.4.8 In the freezing and thawing test, the durability factor days, 180 days, and 365 days of total age. Report the length
of the concrete made with the cement containing the proposed change for each bar as a percentage of its length at 7 days of
addition shall be not less than 80 % of the durability factor of age.
similar concrete made with the corresponding “control” cement
and containing the reference addition as specified in 3.3. (See 8. Concrete Mixtures
11.1.3 for the method of calculating the durability factor.) 8.1 Preparation and Weighing—Prepare all materials used
in preparing the concrete mixtures, and make all weighings, as
5. Sampling Cement prescribed in Practice C192/C192M. Report the amount of
5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cements shall be obtained mixing water on the basis of saturated surface-dry aggregates.
during grinding. Prior to the commencement of the sampling of 8.2 Proportions—Design one concrete mixture, having an
a given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for approximately actual cement content of 307 6 3 kg/m3 (5176 5 lb/yd3), and
4 h to establish equilibrium. Notes shall be kept as to the rate use this mixture in all of the concrete tests specified herein.
and continuity of the feed of the addition, the form in which the Adjust the water content of the mixture to provide concrete
addition is used, strength of the solution, and the mill tempera- having a consistency equal to a 64 6 13-mm (21⁄2 6 1⁄2-in.)
ture. Fineness of the grinding should be checked during the slump. Adjust the ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate to
grinding. the optimum for concrete to be consolidated by hand-rodding

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 C226 − 12
(suggested trial values6 for the percentage of fine aggregate in 10.2.2 Flexural Strength—Make and cure flexural strength
the total aggregate, by absolute volume, are shown in Table 2). test specimens as specified in Practice C192/C192M, except
that the size of the beams shall be 76 by 101 by 406 mm (3 by
TABLE 2 Fine Aggregate in Total Aggregate, percent 4 by 16 in.).
Coarse Aggregate,
Concrete Concrete 10.2.3 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing—Make and cure
Without With test specimens for resistance to freezing and thawing as
Maximum Size
Entrained Entrained
25 mm (1 in.)
Air Air specified in Practice C192/C192M, except that the size of the
Angular 45 41 beams shall be 76 by 101 by 406 mm (3 by 4 by 16 in.).
Rounded 40 36

11. Tests on Hardened Concrete

8.3 Mixing of Concrete—Mix the concrete in accordance 11.1 Test specimens of hardened concrete, as specified in
with Practice C192/C192M except as follows: Hand mixing Section 10, in accordance with the following methods, and at
shall not be permitted. The rated capacity of the mixer shall be the ages herein specified.
not more than twice the size of the batch used. Use a 11.1.1 Compressive Strength—Use Test Method C39/
preliminary (buttering) batch of the same proportions as the C39M, and test specimens at ages of 3, 7, and 28 days, and 3
test batch to coat the mixer and discard it just prior to receiving months, except that for Type III cement a test shall be made
the batch of the test concrete, which shall be mixed continu- also at 1 day.
ously for 2 min following the addition of the mixing water. Do 11.1.2 Flexural Strength—Test Method C293. Test flexural
not scrape the mixer after buttering. At the end of the mixing strength specimens at the ages of 3, 7, and 28 days, 3 months,
period dump the concrete without scraping from the mixer into and 1 year, except that for Type III cement a test shall be made
a metal wheelbarrow or pan, and then turn with a shovel before also at 1 day.
making the slump, unit weight, and air determinations, and also 11.1.3 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing—Use Test
before being placed in the test specimen molds. Method C666/C666M, except that the specimens shall be
9. Tests on Plastic Concrete tested at the end of the 28-day curing period.
9.1 Test samples of the plastic concrete in accordance with 12. Report
the following methods:
9.1.1 Consistency—Test Method C143/C143M. 12.1 The report covering the results of the evaluation of a
9.1.2 Unit Weight and Air Content—Make a determination material proposed as an air-entraining addition under this
of the unit weight, yield, and air content for each batch, in specification shall include the following information:
accordance with Test Method C138/C138M, except that the air 12.1.1 Trade name, source, and character of the material and
content of the concrete may be determined in accordance with means for the quantitative identification of the proposed
Test Method C231. addition in the finished cement—all as furnished by the
manufacturer or seller of the addition.
10. Test Specimens of Hardened Concrete
12.1.2 Identification of the cements as to their type. General
10.1 Number of Specimens—Make six test specimens from geographical location of mills where the test lots of cements
each condition of concrete to be compared for each test and were ground. (Company and brand names need not be given.)
age. Make test specimens representing each test and each 12.1.3 Detailed results of all analyses and tests prescribed in
condition of concrete from at least three separate batches. An this specification, as well as pertinent information required.
equal number of specimens for each variable should be made
12.1.4 Comparison of test results to determine compliance
on any given day. When it is impossible to make at least one
with the requirements prescribed in 4.4.
specimen for each variable on a given day, complete the
mixing of the entire series of specimens in as few days as 12.1.5 Name and location of the laboratory or laboratories
possible and repeat one of the mixes each day as a standard of that made the tests covered by the report.
comparison. 12.1.6 A statement indicating whether the evaluation was
made to establish acceptability of the addition for general use
10.2 Types of Specimens:
(3.1.1), or whether the evaluation was made to establish
10.2.1 Compressive Strength—Compressive strength test
acceptability for use with specific types of cement in specific
specimens shall be 152- by 305-mm (6- by 12-in.) cylinders,
cement mills (3.1.2). In the latter case, the type or types of
and shall be made and cured as prescribed in Practice C192/
cement and the brand names and location of mills that are
C192M.
covered by the tests shall be given.
6
Values for concrete without entrained air are based on the ACI Standard 13. Keywords
Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal and Heavyweight
Concrete (ACI 211.1-77). 13.1 addition; air entraining; hydraulic cement

4
 C226 − 12
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
C226 – 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved July 15, 2012)

(1) Revised 3.1.4.

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