Programming Fundamentals SSUET/QR/114

Lab # 4
Use of Conditional Statements, and Switch case

OBJECTIVE:
To get familiar with the concept of conditional statement for simple decision
making and nested condition for complex cases in addition with match case.

THEORY:
Decision making statements in programming languages decides the direction of
flow of program execution.
The if…elif…else statement is used in Python for decision making.

The if Statement
Like most languages, python uses the keyword if to implement the decision
control instruction. It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of
statements will be executed or not i.e if a certain condition is true then a block of
statement is executed otherwise not. The general form of if statement looks like
this:
Syntax:
if condition:
# Statements to execute if
# condition is true
As a general rule, we express a condition using python’s ‘relational’ operators.
The relational operators allow us to compare two values to see whether they are
equal to each other, unequal, or whether one is greater than the other. Here is how
they look and how they are evaluated in python.

This expression Is true if

x==y x is equal to y
x!=y x is not equal to y
x<y x is less than y
x>y x is greater than y
x<=y x is less than or equal to y
x>=y x is greater than or equal to y

Example:
# python program to illustrate If statement
i = 10
if (i > 15):
print (i, "is greater than 15")
print ("I am not greater")

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Output:
>>> %Run task1.py
I am not greater
>>>

The if-else Statement

We can use the else statement with if statement to execute a block of code when
the condition is false.
Syntax
if (condition):
# Executes this block if
# condition is true
else:
# Executes this block if
# condition is false

Example:
# python program to illustrate If else statement
i = 20;
if (i < 15):
print (i,“is smaller than 15")
print ("i'm in if Block")
else:
print (i,"is greater than 15")
print ("i'm in else Block")
print ("i'm not in if and not in else Block")

Output:
>>> %Run task2.py
20 is greater than 15
i'm in else Block
i'm not in if and not in else Block
>>>

The if-elif-else Statement

The elif is short for else if. It allows us to check for multiple expressions. If the
condition for if is False, it checks the condition of the next elif block and so on.
If all the conditions are False, body of else is executed.
Syntax
if (condition):
statement
elif (condition):
statement

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.
.
else:
statement

Example:
# Python program to illustrate if-elif-else
i = 30
if (i == 10):
print ("i is 10")
elif (i == 20):
print ("i is 20")
elif (i == 30):
print ("i is 30")
else:
print ("i is not present")

Output:
>>> %Run task3.py
i is 30
>>>

NESTED CONDITION CHECK

The elif statement allows you to check multiple expressions for True and execute
a block of code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to True.
Similar to the else, the elif statement is optional. However, unlike else, for which
there can be at most one statement, there can be an arbitrary number of elif
statements following an if.

Syntax:
if condition1:
statement(s)
elif condition2:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)

Example:
a=20 b=10 c=30
if a >= b and a >= c:
print "a is big"
elif b >= a and b >= c:

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print "b is big"

else:
print "c is big"

Output:
c is big

Example: Write a program for checking the height eligibility of male and
female in a military qualification round after taking values as input:

Code:
g=(input("Enter Gender "))
h = float(input("Enter Height "))
var_m = 5.4
var_f = 5.0

if g == 'M' or g=="m":
if h >= var_m:
print("Allowed Male Height")
else:
print("Not Allowed Male Height")
elif g == 'F' or g == 'f':
if h >= var_f:
print("Allowed FeMale Height")
else:
print("Not Allowed FeMale Height")
else:
print("Undefined Gender")
Output-1: Output-2:
Enter Gender M Enter Gender f
Enter Height 5.2 Enter Height 5.2
Not Allowed Male Height Allowed FeMale Height

MATCH CASE

The match-case statement consists of a series of case blocks, each of which

specifies a pattern to match against value. If a match is found, an optional default
block can be used to specify a default action.
It consists of 2 main components:
1. The “match” keyword
2. The case clause (s) with each condition/statement.
A pattern that matches the variable, a condition that determines whether the
pattern matches, and a series of statements that are to be executed if the pattern
matches make up the case clause.

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For the numerous potential results of a given variable, we can create numerous
case statements. A pattern must be matched in each case statement.
Let’s look at how to implement it:
Syntax:
match subject:
case <pattern_1>:
<action_1>
case <pattern_2>:
<action_2>
case <pattern_3>:
<action_3>
case _:
<action_wildcard>

Example:
user_input = int(input("enter your lucky number between 1-5\n"))
match user_input:
case 1:
print( "you will have a new house")
case 2:
print( "you will receive good news ")
case 3:
print( "you will get a car")
case 4:
print( "you might face your fear this week")
case 5:
print( "you will get a pet")

EXERCISE
A. Point out the errors, if any, and paste the output also in the following
Python programs.
1. Code
a = 500,b,c;
if ( a >= 400 ):
b = 300
c = 200
print( "Value is:", b, c )

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2. Code
&number = eval(input("Enter an integer: "))
print(type(number))
if number % 5 == 0
print("HiFive")
else
print("No answer")

3. Code
if score >= 60.0
grade = 'D'
elif score >= 70.0
grade = 'C'
elif score >= 80.0
grade = 'B'
elif score >= 90.0
grade = 'A'
else:
grade = 'F'
Output:

B. What would be the output of the following programs:

1. Code
requested_topping = 'mushrooms'
if requested_topping != 'anchovies':
print("Hold the anchovies!")
Output

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2. Code
num = 3
if num >= 0:
print("Positive or Zero")
else:
print("Negative number")
Output

3. Code
age = 15
if age < 4:
price = 0
elif age < 18:
price = 1500
else:
price = 2000
print("Your admission cost is Rs" + str(price) + ".")
Output

C. Write Python programs for the following:

1. Any integer is input through the keyboard. Write a program to find out
whether it is an odd number or even number.
2. Write a program that asks for years of service and qualification from the user
and calculates the salary as per the following table:
Years of Service Qualifications Salary
>= 10 Masters 150,000
>= 10 Bachelors 100,000
< 10 Masters 100,000
< 10 Bachelors 70,000
3. Write an if-elif-else chain that determines a person’s stage of life, take input
value for the variable age, and then apply these conditions:
• If the person is less than 2 years old, print a message that the person is a baby.

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• If the person is at least 2 years old but less than 4, print a message that the person is a
toddler.
• If the person is at least 4 years old but less than 13, print a message that the person is
a kid.
• If the person is at least 13 years old but less than 20, print a message that the person is
a teenager.
• If the person is at least 20 years old but less than 65, print a message that the person is
an adult.
• If the person is age 65 or older, print a message that the person is an elder.
4. Write a source code that will check the age of a person if above 18 then check
CNIC is made finally allow that person to apply for driving license.
D. Tasks to Report:
• What is the advantage of switch case over if statement?
When we use nested if statement?

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